From eclipse drawings to the coronagraph and spectroscopy
... ¾ it is our Star ¾ nearest and only star where we might resolve the basic processes on their characteristic temporal and spatial scales ¾ the Sun is our ultimate source of energy — influences the whole heliosphere ¾ solar activity can cause failure of space based and terrestrial technical systems ¾ ...
... ¾ it is our Star ¾ nearest and only star where we might resolve the basic processes on their characteristic temporal and spatial scales ¾ the Sun is our ultimate source of energy — influences the whole heliosphere ¾ solar activity can cause failure of space based and terrestrial technical systems ¾ ...
Dynamic Martian magnetosphere: Transient - HAL
... (with Bz > 0), a parallel Bow Shock (BS) region (region of the BS where the shock normal is parallel to the IMF direction) can be identified in the -Z half plane. Figure 1 represents an isovalue surface of the total magnetic field at 5 nT highlighting the BS surface at t = 0 s corresponding to the o ...
... (with Bz > 0), a parallel Bow Shock (BS) region (region of the BS where the shock normal is parallel to the IMF direction) can be identified in the -Z half plane. Figure 1 represents an isovalue surface of the total magnetic field at 5 nT highlighting the BS surface at t = 0 s corresponding to the o ...
ppt
... • Theoretical uncertainties: power-law dependences and Monte Carlo simulations • Summary ...
... • Theoretical uncertainties: power-law dependences and Monte Carlo simulations • Summary ...
science - St Edward`s Oxford
... operation. At that point, mission managers will have to start turning off these instruments one by one to conserve power, with the last one turning off around….. The two Voyager spacecraft were launched in 1977 and, between them, had visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune by 1989. Voyager 1's p ...
... operation. At that point, mission managers will have to start turning off these instruments one by one to conserve power, with the last one turning off around….. The two Voyager spacecraft were launched in 1977 and, between them, had visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune by 1989. Voyager 1's p ...
astro-ph/0502206 PDF
... helped them show [5] that the likelihood of this spectacular agreement being a meaningless coincidence is less than one in 50,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. c. The new study compared the amounts of 72 different types of atoms in the solar photosphere with those predicted from nuclear react ...
... helped them show [5] that the likelihood of this spectacular agreement being a meaningless coincidence is less than one in 50,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. c. The new study compared the amounts of 72 different types of atoms in the solar photosphere with those predicted from nuclear react ...
Determining the Distance to the Moon Triangulation
... Not only are we made up of the same types of atoms, the same atoms go into making each of us up at different times! Almost every light atom in our bodies has existed in innumerable forms since the beginning of time, while the heavier elements were formed by stars that exploded long ago! ...
... Not only are we made up of the same types of atoms, the same atoms go into making each of us up at different times! Almost every light atom in our bodies has existed in innumerable forms since the beginning of time, while the heavier elements were formed by stars that exploded long ago! ...
TIME-DEPENDENT FORCE-FREE PULSAR
... was later relaxed by Goodwin et al. (2004), Contopoulos (2005) and Timokhin (2005), who find steady-state numerical solutions with closed zones of arbitrary extent within the light cylinder. This raises the question which solution would be chosen by a time-dependent evolution. Recently, Komissarov ( ...
... was later relaxed by Goodwin et al. (2004), Contopoulos (2005) and Timokhin (2005), who find steady-state numerical solutions with closed zones of arbitrary extent within the light cylinder. This raises the question which solution would be chosen by a time-dependent evolution. Recently, Komissarov ( ...
Full text - terrapub
... have shown that the plasma tail of Mars consists mainly of ions of planetary origin (Lundin et al., 1989a, b; Rosenbauer et al., 1989). Lundin et al. (1989a, b, 1990) estimated that the planet is losing oxygen at a rate of about 3 × 1025 ions/ s. This value is sufficiently high to explain a dehydrat ...
... have shown that the plasma tail of Mars consists mainly of ions of planetary origin (Lundin et al., 1989a, b; Rosenbauer et al., 1989). Lundin et al. (1989a, b, 1990) estimated that the planet is losing oxygen at a rate of about 3 × 1025 ions/ s. This value is sufficiently high to explain a dehydrat ...
Considerations of a Solar Mass Ejection Imager in a low
... which include coronM mass ejections, co-rotating structures and shock waves, to elongations greater than 900 from the Sun from a spacecraft in an ~800 km Earth orbit. The predecessor of this instrument was the zodiacal-light photometer experiment on the HELIOS spacecraft which demonstrated the capab ...
... which include coronM mass ejections, co-rotating structures and shock waves, to elongations greater than 900 from the Sun from a spacecraft in an ~800 km Earth orbit. The predecessor of this instrument was the zodiacal-light photometer experiment on the HELIOS spacecraft which demonstrated the capab ...
Earth`s Magnetic Field, Atmosphere and Geology
... “bow shock”, just like a boat pushes some water out of the way at its bow as it sails forward. ...
... “bow shock”, just like a boat pushes some water out of the way at its bow as it sails forward. ...
259_1.pdf
... A noticeable difference between the two solutions is the shape of the total electron distributions. Their reduced distributions in the parallel direction are shown in Fig. 1. We see that the total electron distribution deviates from a Maxwellian when KSEE is included. The formation of a significant ...
... A noticeable difference between the two solutions is the shape of the total electron distributions. Their reduced distributions in the parallel direction are shown in Fig. 1. We see that the total electron distribution deviates from a Maxwellian when KSEE is included. The formation of a significant ...
Rebuts to the Bridgman Rebuttal
... MISREPRESENTATIONS OF WHAT I SAY On his page 4 Bridgman states: “Dr. Scott states that astronomers assume that the physical laws in the distant cosmos are different from those known on Earth (page 7).” What I did say in part was this: “The hypotheses of these plasma scientists on the subjects of sol ...
... MISREPRESENTATIONS OF WHAT I SAY On his page 4 Bridgman states: “Dr. Scott states that astronomers assume that the physical laws in the distant cosmos are different from those known on Earth (page 7).” What I did say in part was this: “The hypotheses of these plasma scientists on the subjects of sol ...
Chapter 11
... occur mostly during sunspot maxima. 2. According to the sunspot model, flares occur when a great number of twisted tubes of magnetic field lines release their energy at once through the photosphere. 3. Flares blast out large numbers of very energetic charged particles. In the case of the largest fla ...
... occur mostly during sunspot maxima. 2. According to the sunspot model, flares occur when a great number of twisted tubes of magnetic field lines release their energy at once through the photosphere. 3. Flares blast out large numbers of very energetic charged particles. In the case of the largest fla ...
History and Science Motivation for the Van Allen Probes Mission
... examples of selected scientific mysteries regarding the behaviors of Earth’s radiation belts. As to the continuing mysteries of radiation belt dynamics, it has long been conventional wisdom that the radiation belts dramatically intensify in association with geomagnetic storms. Such storms are often ...
... examples of selected scientific mysteries regarding the behaviors of Earth’s radiation belts. As to the continuing mysteries of radiation belt dynamics, it has long been conventional wisdom that the radiation belts dramatically intensify in association with geomagnetic storms. Such storms are often ...
Solar-cycle variation of low density solar wind during
... the range 0 - 2 cm−3 . Lines join successive data points. Intervals of exceptionally low densities occur at all stages of the solar cycle but are evidently much rarer around solar minimum than at times of enhanced solar activity. To show this in another way, the third panel gives the occurrence rate ...
... the range 0 - 2 cm−3 . Lines join successive data points. Intervals of exceptionally low densities occur at all stages of the solar cycle but are evidently much rarer around solar minimum than at times of enhanced solar activity. To show this in another way, the third panel gives the occurrence rate ...
MagnetosphereFormation
... energy is determined from the balance between the power of accelerated electric field forces and the curvature radiation intensity. When intersecting the FFS, the particles oscillate ultrarelativistically, their energy decays first linearly, then in a power-mode. When the curvature radiation intensi ...
... energy is determined from the balance between the power of accelerated electric field forces and the curvature radiation intensity. When intersecting the FFS, the particles oscillate ultrarelativistically, their energy decays first linearly, then in a power-mode. When the curvature radiation intensi ...
How does the solar wind blow? A simple kinetic model
... charged particles, which interact much more strongly with each other than with light. Indeed, their cross section for light scattering is the Thomson cross section, of the order of the square of the ‘classical electron radius’ re = e2 /4π0 me c2 . In contrast, the mutual interaction of charged part ...
... charged particles, which interact much more strongly with each other than with light. Indeed, their cross section for light scattering is the Thomson cross section, of the order of the square of the ‘classical electron radius’ re = e2 /4π0 me c2 . In contrast, the mutual interaction of charged part ...
SDO Systems Retreat
... S-5. Detect and measure reconnection signatures (e.g., Jets) characteristic of competing CME initiation models S-6. Understand the origin and nature of global waves and dimmings that accompany many fast CME’s S-7a. Determine the effects of ambient magnetic field topology and complexity will have on ...
... S-5. Detect and measure reconnection signatures (e.g., Jets) characteristic of competing CME initiation models S-6. Understand the origin and nature of global waves and dimmings that accompany many fast CME’s S-7a. Determine the effects of ambient magnetic field topology and complexity will have on ...
B. Geological and geophysical phenomena
... C. Astronomical phenomena 1. Concepts related to astronomy a. Universal Gravitation i. Defines gravitation as a force of mutual attraction between bodies c. Light i. Defines light as a form of radiant energy 6 iii. Explains different phenomena using the properties of light (cycles of day and night, ...
... C. Astronomical phenomena 1. Concepts related to astronomy a. Universal Gravitation i. Defines gravitation as a force of mutual attraction between bodies c. Light i. Defines light as a form of radiant energy 6 iii. Explains different phenomena using the properties of light (cycles of day and night, ...
Coronal magnetic topology and the production of solar impulsive
... times (plus 8.3 min with respect to electromagnetic emission) of the electrons with energies < ∼13 keV and those ranging from ∼25 to ∼300 keV. It is found that the low-energy electrons injection coincides with the C6.6 flare in AR10154 and the prominent type III radio bursts, rather than the M1.8 fl ...
... times (plus 8.3 min with respect to electromagnetic emission) of the electrons with energies < ∼13 keV and those ranging from ∼25 to ∼300 keV. It is found that the low-energy electrons injection coincides with the C6.6 flare in AR10154 and the prominent type III radio bursts, rather than the M1.8 fl ...
Power Point Presentation
... filament activation in a solar eruption, submitted to Astron. & Astrophys., 2011 11. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Romano, P., Fletcher, L., Labrosse, N., Relationship between an M6.6 solar flare and consecutive filament activations, Mem. S.A.It. in press, 2011 12. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarel ...
... filament activation in a solar eruption, submitted to Astron. & Astrophys., 2011 11. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarello, F., Romano, P., Fletcher, L., Labrosse, N., Relationship between an M6.6 solar flare and consecutive filament activations, Mem. S.A.It. in press, 2011 12. Rubio da Costa, F., Zuccarel ...
presentation source
... •Gases -expand to fill the container in which we place them •Liquids -conform to container's shape, even if they cannot fill the container •Solids -have fixed shapes and do not flow freely •H2O is unique because it occurs naturally in all three phases (i.e. physically separable entities) on Earth's ...
... •Gases -expand to fill the container in which we place them •Liquids -conform to container's shape, even if they cannot fill the container •Solids -have fixed shapes and do not flow freely •H2O is unique because it occurs naturally in all three phases (i.e. physically separable entities) on Earth's ...
Particle precipitation influence in the conductivity of the auroral
... from classical equations, by assuming collision frequencies, gyrofrequencies, magnetic field, etc; iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct ...
... from classical equations, by assuming collision frequencies, gyrofrequencies, magnetic field, etc; iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct ...
M.Ishida_Future_HE_Mission2006 - X
... Central region of the cluster of galaxies, stellar flare, post-shock accregion flow in mCV… ...
... Central region of the cluster of galaxies, stellar flare, post-shock accregion flow in mCV… ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.