Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and
... (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear night, orbits the center of our home galax ...
... (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear night, orbits the center of our home galax ...
Space, time & Cosmos Lecture 4: Our Galaxy
... The Heliosphere is a bubble in space produced by the solar wind. Virtually all the material in the heliosphere emanates from the Sun itself (though neutral atoms from interstellar space can penetrate this bubble). The solar wind streams off the Sun in all directions at speeds of several hundred kil ...
... The Heliosphere is a bubble in space produced by the solar wind. Virtually all the material in the heliosphere emanates from the Sun itself (though neutral atoms from interstellar space can penetrate this bubble). The solar wind streams off the Sun in all directions at speeds of several hundred kil ...
Basic Information about the Solar System Handout
... Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of about 4.2 light years (a light year is the distance light travels in a year, at about 300,000 km per second). We are beginning to find that many stars besides the Sun harbor their own "solar systems" w ...
... Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of about 4.2 light years (a light year is the distance light travels in a year, at about 300,000 km per second). We are beginning to find that many stars besides the Sun harbor their own "solar systems" w ...
Planetary Systems Unit - Brandywine School District
... For example, if you weighed 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 17 pounds on the Moon. 100 pounds (your Earth weight) multiplied by 0.17 (the gravity factor for the moon) = 17 pounds. Remember, your mass does not change at different locations. Your mass remains the same; it is your weight that chan ...
... For example, if you weighed 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 17 pounds on the Moon. 100 pounds (your Earth weight) multiplied by 0.17 (the gravity factor for the moon) = 17 pounds. Remember, your mass does not change at different locations. Your mass remains the same; it is your weight that chan ...
Introduction to ESA Science Classroom activities
... to determine which exotic high-energy sources are present. • Project 3: Design Design a high-energy astronomy mission to investigate some of the most powerful phenomena in the Universe. • Project 4: Build Build a scale-model of the Integral spacecraft using materials of your choice. ...
... to determine which exotic high-energy sources are present. • Project 3: Design Design a high-energy astronomy mission to investigate some of the most powerful phenomena in the Universe. • Project 4: Build Build a scale-model of the Integral spacecraft using materials of your choice. ...
Criss-Cross Puzzle
... 4. Forms when the solar wind separates dust from the coma, pushing it outward away from the Sun. 5. The solid icy/rocky part of a comet. 7. The path of the Solar System between the Sun and the orbit of Jupiter 8. A "dirty snowball" consisting of ices, rocks, and dirt. 9. The time needed for one comp ...
... 4. Forms when the solar wind separates dust from the coma, pushing it outward away from the Sun. 5. The solid icy/rocky part of a comet. 7. The path of the Solar System between the Sun and the orbit of Jupiter 8. A "dirty snowball" consisting of ices, rocks, and dirt. 9. The time needed for one comp ...
Mallory, Course Implementation Using Solar System Simulator, Jan
... Sun of planets, or of the moons of planets. Then determine if there is a numeric relationship between distance to orbited body, and the time for the body to orbit. Same question as above, only for this question use period for moon or planet to do a rotation/spin on its axis, and the distance to orbi ...
... Sun of planets, or of the moons of planets. Then determine if there is a numeric relationship between distance to orbited body, and the time for the body to orbit. Same question as above, only for this question use period for moon or planet to do a rotation/spin on its axis, and the distance to orbi ...
Name: Period: ______ Sunspot Investigation Directions: Read and
... sunspots, it gives off less energy. This results in less energy making its way to Earth, and our planet cools. Over time, scientists have noticed a pattern in the number of sunspots. About every 11 years the number of sunspots reaches a high and then decreases again. This is known as a Solar Cycle. ...
... sunspots, it gives off less energy. This results in less energy making its way to Earth, and our planet cools. Over time, scientists have noticed a pattern in the number of sunspots. About every 11 years the number of sunspots reaches a high and then decreases again. This is known as a Solar Cycle. ...
ESA-JUICE Mission Overview
... transporting energy, momentum and material between the different layers. The focus in the Jovian magnetosphere will include an investigation of the three-dimensional properties of the magnetodisc and in-depth study of the coupling processes within the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. Auro ...
... transporting energy, momentum and material between the different layers. The focus in the Jovian magnetosphere will include an investigation of the three-dimensional properties of the magnetodisc and in-depth study of the coupling processes within the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. Auro ...
The Transport of Cosmic Rays
... • I will concentrate on energies significantly lower than 1 TeV, as the effects of the heliosphere at 1 TeV are smaller (but still significant). • The gyro-radius of a 1 TeV proton in the interstellar magnetic field is ~ 74 AU, which is signifiantly smaller than the heliosphere. • The interstella ...
... • I will concentrate on energies significantly lower than 1 TeV, as the effects of the heliosphere at 1 TeV are smaller (but still significant). • The gyro-radius of a 1 TeV proton in the interstellar magnetic field is ~ 74 AU, which is signifiantly smaller than the heliosphere. • The interstella ...
THE SUN - University of Mass Lowell, Space Science Laboratory
... Radio Waves in an Ionospheric Plasma A radio wave consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. When a low-frequency radio wave (i.e., frequency less than the plasma frequency) impinges upon a plasma, the local charged particles have sufficient time to rearrange themselves so as to “cancel ...
... Radio Waves in an Ionospheric Plasma A radio wave consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. When a low-frequency radio wave (i.e., frequency less than the plasma frequency) impinges upon a plasma, the local charged particles have sufficient time to rearrange themselves so as to “cancel ...
198_1.pdf
... out for seven models of neutral hydrogen density (Table 1). The calculated results, I model , were then compared with P10 EUV data. An example of this is shown in figure 2. In order to properly compare the data with the calculated results, it was necessary to calculate the optimum P10 instrument cal ...
... out for seven models of neutral hydrogen density (Table 1). The calculated results, I model , were then compared with P10 EUV data. An example of this is shown in figure 2. In order to properly compare the data with the calculated results, it was necessary to calculate the optimum P10 instrument cal ...
6. Solar wind acceleration
... to transient flows driven by solar eruptions such as coronal mass ejections will only be shortly addressed. o The acceleration by the pressure gradient exerted on the ambient flow by waves and turbulence will be discussed, and some recent developments in theory and multi-fluid modeling be addressed. ...
... to transient flows driven by solar eruptions such as coronal mass ejections will only be shortly addressed. o The acceleration by the pressure gradient exerted on the ambient flow by waves and turbulence will be discussed, and some recent developments in theory and multi-fluid modeling be addressed. ...
04`15 - Tri-Valley Stargazers
... is to bring the high-energy Universe into focus. It studies the cosmos at its extremes by observing exploding stars, hidden black holes and other exotic objects in an entirely new light. In addition, NuSTAR is also looking at a closer and more familiar star - our Sun- to understand its high-energy e ...
... is to bring the high-energy Universe into focus. It studies the cosmos at its extremes by observing exploding stars, hidden black holes and other exotic objects in an entirely new light. In addition, NuSTAR is also looking at a closer and more familiar star - our Sun- to understand its high-energy e ...
Figure 1 - Research
... • The power n increases when the source surface distance is decreased. For a lower source surface distance less flux is confined within magnetic loops and there is more open flux going into the heliosphere. • There is a cyclic variation: n is highest soon after sunspot maxima and smallest during sun ...
... • The power n increases when the source surface distance is decreased. For a lower source surface distance less flux is confined within magnetic loops and there is more open flux going into the heliosphere. • There is a cyclic variation: n is highest soon after sunspot maxima and smallest during sun ...
Slides
... In [Yu. S. Kopysov. Solar Neutrino and the Catalytic Role of a Third Particle in Hydrogen Burning. AIP Conf. Proc. 52, 28 New York, 1979.] discussed the possibility of accelerating of the collision of two protons with the third particle (with the nucleon), which formed the so-called activated nuclea ...
... In [Yu. S. Kopysov. Solar Neutrino and the Catalytic Role of a Third Particle in Hydrogen Burning. AIP Conf. Proc. 52, 28 New York, 1979.] discussed the possibility of accelerating of the collision of two protons with the third particle (with the nucleon), which formed the so-called activated nuclea ...
3_Ocean126_2006
... Big Bang theory. Two years later, scientists used the same instrument to discover minute variations in the background radiation: the earliest known evidence of structure in the universe. ...
... Big Bang theory. Two years later, scientists used the same instrument to discover minute variations in the background radiation: the earliest known evidence of structure in the universe. ...
Energetic neutral atoms around HD 209458b
... 2004). Recently an alternative explanation was suggested by Holmström et al. (2008), hereafter H08, showing that energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) created by charge-exchange between the stellar wind and the exosphere can explain the observations. ENAs resulting from the interaction of the solar wind w ...
... 2004). Recently an alternative explanation was suggested by Holmström et al. (2008), hereafter H08, showing that energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) created by charge-exchange between the stellar wind and the exosphere can explain the observations. ENAs resulting from the interaction of the solar wind w ...
7. Energy Harvesting From Solar Wind and Galactic Cosmic Rays
... the upper atmosphere of the sun. It comprises of mostly electrons and protons along with a few heavier ions, and blows continuously from the surface of the Sun [1]. The solar wind may be considered as an extension of the outer atmosphere of the Sun into interplanetary space. The energy possessed by ...
... the upper atmosphere of the sun. It comprises of mostly electrons and protons along with a few heavier ions, and blows continuously from the surface of the Sun [1]. The solar wind may be considered as an extension of the outer atmosphere of the Sun into interplanetary space. The energy possessed by ...
5.14 The magnetospheric ring current. The largest component of the
... effectively a perfect conductor into which even the longest period external magnetic field cannot penetrate. However, 1-year variations can penetrate into the lower mantle. The very large range of conductivities found in the crust indicates the need for a corresponding large range of frequencies in ...
... effectively a perfect conductor into which even the longest period external magnetic field cannot penetrate. However, 1-year variations can penetrate into the lower mantle. The very large range of conductivities found in the crust indicates the need for a corresponding large range of frequencies in ...
The Photosphere
... rising parcels of gas expand and cool and descending parcels are compressed and become hoFer. • Typical cell size about 1000 km, known as granules (1.5 arcsecs in angular measure, lasCng ~15 minutes, ...
... rising parcels of gas expand and cool and descending parcels are compressed and become hoFer. • Typical cell size about 1000 km, known as granules (1.5 arcsecs in angular measure, lasCng ~15 minutes, ...
Day-8
... establish a stellar chronometer, and create an age-ranking system for an ensemble of nearby, well-studied clusters. With the aid of new observations of Blanco 1, an high-Galactic latitude, Pleiades-age cluster, I will show how deriving stellar age must be based upon very high quality observational d ...
... establish a stellar chronometer, and create an age-ranking system for an ensemble of nearby, well-studied clusters. With the aid of new observations of Blanco 1, an high-Galactic latitude, Pleiades-age cluster, I will show how deriving stellar age must be based upon very high quality observational d ...
ssp1_4 - Astronomy & Astrophysics Group
... This explains why the Earth has not retained its atmospheric molecular hydrogen. When the solar system was forming, the inner part was too hot to retain lighter elements, such as H and He; these are absent from all terrestrial planet atmospheres. (See also SSP2) For, e.g. molecular Nitrogen, for the ...
... This explains why the Earth has not retained its atmospheric molecular hydrogen. When the solar system was forming, the inner part was too hot to retain lighter elements, such as H and He; these are absent from all terrestrial planet atmospheres. (See also SSP2) For, e.g. molecular Nitrogen, for the ...
Physics 127 Descriptive Astronomy Homework #19 Key
... 13-9. How do astronomers conclude that vast quantities of dark matter surround our Galaxy? How is this dark matter distributed in space? There are several pieces of evidence that lead us to conclude that the galaxy is embedded in a gigantic halo of dark matter. Perhaps the most compelling is the rat ...
... 13-9. How do astronomers conclude that vast quantities of dark matter surround our Galaxy? How is this dark matter distributed in space? There are several pieces of evidence that lead us to conclude that the galaxy is embedded in a gigantic halo of dark matter. Perhaps the most compelling is the rat ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.