Numerical modeling of plasma structures and turbulence transport in
... The thesis focuses on the modeling of the inner-heliospheric solar wind with its embedded magnetic field by numerically solving the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The main numerical tool used throughout this work is the state-ofthe-art MHD code Cronos, which is extended from its basic setu ...
... The thesis focuses on the modeling of the inner-heliospheric solar wind with its embedded magnetic field by numerically solving the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The main numerical tool used throughout this work is the state-ofthe-art MHD code Cronos, which is extended from its basic setu ...
IRIS observations of the solar transition region
... that maintain plasma in the temperature range required for emission in the Si IV line is a few hundred seconds or less. Both of these properties are very similar to what is observed. However, Doppler velocities measured at the origin of the line profile show line-of-sight velocities on the order of ...
... that maintain plasma in the temperature range required for emission in the Si IV line is a few hundred seconds or less. Both of these properties are very similar to what is observed. However, Doppler velocities measured at the origin of the line profile show line-of-sight velocities on the order of ...
X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Emission from Comets
... Astrophysical X-ray emission is generally found to originate from hot collisional plasmas, such as the million-degree gas found in the solar corona (e.g., Foukal, 1990), the 100million-degree gas observed in supernova remnants (e.g., Cioffi, 1990), or the accretion disks around neutron stars and bla ...
... Astrophysical X-ray emission is generally found to originate from hot collisional plasmas, such as the million-degree gas found in the solar corona (e.g., Foukal, 1990), the 100million-degree gas observed in supernova remnants (e.g., Cioffi, 1990), or the accretion disks around neutron stars and bla ...
Simulation of horizontal еlectromagnetic showers in the аtmosphere
... (Stanev [2007]). Neutrinos do not suffer the GZK effect and do not deflect in magnetic fields pointing back to their sources. Neutrino energy spectrum could extend to significantly higher energies than UHECR. Unlike other primaries neutrinos may carry information about the central part of the cosmic ...
... (Stanev [2007]). Neutrinos do not suffer the GZK effect and do not deflect in magnetic fields pointing back to their sources. Neutrino energy spectrum could extend to significantly higher energies than UHECR. Unlike other primaries neutrinos may carry information about the central part of the cosmic ...
LENA
... • ~30 km crust may content as Mc(U) (0.2-0.4)1017 kg. much as 300 km of mantel. • Still higher uncertaities for • U, Th in lower part of mantel mantel: presently estimated by 17Kg ? M (U) ...
... • ~30 km crust may content as Mc(U) (0.2-0.4)1017 kg. much as 300 km of mantel. • Still higher uncertaities for • U, Th in lower part of mantel mantel: presently estimated by 17Kg ? M (U) ...
A novel mechanism for electron-cyclotron maser
... Another important instability driven by a fast electron beam is the Langmuir wave (LW) instability, which usually has a much faster growth rate than that of the AW instability. However, this does not imply that the LW instability is more important than the AW instability. The propagation of the LW c ...
... Another important instability driven by a fast electron beam is the Langmuir wave (LW) instability, which usually has a much faster growth rate than that of the AW instability. However, this does not imply that the LW instability is more important than the AW instability. The propagation of the LW c ...
Constraints on the location of a possible 9th planet derived from the
... plates of Pluto. Besides the differences in the dynamical modeling and in fitting choices explained in Fienga et al. (2016), this latest version of INPOP is very close to the JPL DE430 planetary ephemerides (Folkner et al. 2014). 3.2. INPOP: a tool to test the presence of P9 To test the possible pre ...
... plates of Pluto. Besides the differences in the dynamical modeling and in fitting choices explained in Fienga et al. (2016), this latest version of INPOP is very close to the JPL DE430 planetary ephemerides (Folkner et al. 2014). 3.2. INPOP: a tool to test the presence of P9 To test the possible pre ...
DAS FOCUS Newsletter_APRIL_2015
... challenges facing this “first of its kind” mission. JWST will be NASA’s successor mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. With an aperture greater than 6 meters, it will observe first light objects in the nascent universe, the evolution of galaxies over cosmic history, star birth within our own galax ...
... challenges facing this “first of its kind” mission. JWST will be NASA’s successor mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. With an aperture greater than 6 meters, it will observe first light objects in the nascent universe, the evolution of galaxies over cosmic history, star birth within our own galax ...
What makes a planet habitable? - INAF
... have been detected1 to date. The current status of exoplanet characterization shows a surprisingly diverse set of mainly giant planets. Some of their properties have been measured using photons from the host star, a background star, or a mixture of the star and planet. These indirect techniques incl ...
... have been detected1 to date. The current status of exoplanet characterization shows a surprisingly diverse set of mainly giant planets. Some of their properties have been measured using photons from the host star, a background star, or a mixture of the star and planet. These indirect techniques incl ...
40 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN GUNKED
... is a proxy for composition, so this discovery implies a likeness in makeup — further supporting the idea that group members are fragments of a larger, bygone parent body. One of the few irregular moons that astronomers know in any detail is Saturn’s Phoebe, which NASA’s Cassini spacecraft visited in ...
... is a proxy for composition, so this discovery implies a likeness in makeup — further supporting the idea that group members are fragments of a larger, bygone parent body. One of the few irregular moons that astronomers know in any detail is Saturn’s Phoebe, which NASA’s Cassini spacecraft visited in ...
Theory of pulsar winds and nebulae - Max-Planck
... explosion, or on the interstellar medium. These particles are most plausibly accelerated at the termination shock, and we consider the acceleration processes operating here in section 6. Finally, in section 7, we discuss models of the nebula and its emission. ...
... explosion, or on the interstellar medium. These particles are most plausibly accelerated at the termination shock, and we consider the acceleration processes operating here in section 6. Finally, in section 7, we discuss models of the nebula and its emission. ...
Solar System
... the largest planet, is 5.2 astronomical units (780,000,000 3 Formation and evolution km) from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is 30 AU Main article: Formation and evolution of the Solar (4.5×109 km) from the Sun. System With a few excepti ...
... the largest planet, is 5.2 astronomical units (780,000,000 3 Formation and evolution km) from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is 30 AU Main article: Formation and evolution of the Solar (4.5×109 km) from the Sun. System With a few excepti ...
Magnetic Reconnection Project
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
plasma/tokamak (alex/steve)new - General Atomics Fusion Education
... While the description of plasma includes ions in a gaseous form, true plasma exhibits a “collective behavior” in which elements of plasma exert a force on one another even at large distances. Not all ionized gases are called plasmas, they must contain enough charged particles so the electromagnetic ...
... While the description of plasma includes ions in a gaseous form, true plasma exhibits a “collective behavior” in which elements of plasma exert a force on one another even at large distances. Not all ionized gases are called plasmas, they must contain enough charged particles so the electromagnetic ...
Physics of Terrestrial Planets and Moons: An
... although the case is less clear. Its volcanic activity releases water vapor not lava, however. There is another moon of Saturn, Titan, that hides its surface underneath a layer of photochemical smog in a thick nitrogen atmosphere, and there are moons of similar sizes that lack any comparable atmosph ...
... although the case is less clear. Its volcanic activity releases water vapor not lava, however. There is another moon of Saturn, Titan, that hides its surface underneath a layer of photochemical smog in a thick nitrogen atmosphere, and there are moons of similar sizes that lack any comparable atmosph ...
Latitudinal and radial gradients of galactic cosmic ray protons in the
... The orbits of Ulysses and the Earth are known and provide the heliospheric radial (1r) and latitudinal (1θ ) distances between Ulysses and PAMELA. In Fig. 4, Ulysses latitude is shown as a function of radial distance: in red the fast latitude scan of Ulysses going from the southern to the northern h ...
... The orbits of Ulysses and the Earth are known and provide the heliospheric radial (1r) and latitudinal (1θ ) distances between Ulysses and PAMELA. In Fig. 4, Ulysses latitude is shown as a function of radial distance: in red the fast latitude scan of Ulysses going from the southern to the northern h ...
Solar Changes and the Climate
... has presented a conundrum for meteorologists explaining whether and how such a small variation could drive major changes in weather patterns on Earth. Though the sun’s brightness or irradiance changes only slightly with the solar cycles, the indirect effects of enhanced solar activity including warm ...
... has presented a conundrum for meteorologists explaining whether and how such a small variation could drive major changes in weather patterns on Earth. Though the sun’s brightness or irradiance changes only slightly with the solar cycles, the indirect effects of enhanced solar activity including warm ...
A straightforward estimation of the maximum sunspot number for
... found that at the peak of the quiet days the heliosheet has its maximum thickness; this occurs at the end of the dipole phase when the solar dipole is weakest, near solar minimum. It has been also shown that the evolution of the poloidal ®eld is in advance by 5 to 6 years on the toroidal ®eld emerge ...
... found that at the peak of the quiet days the heliosheet has its maximum thickness; this occurs at the end of the dipole phase when the solar dipole is weakest, near solar minimum. It has been also shown that the evolution of the poloidal ®eld is in advance by 5 to 6 years on the toroidal ®eld emerge ...
Solar Irradiance Reference Spectra (SIRS) for the 2008 Whole
... April 2008 was an excellent opportunity to coordinate observations and compare results for solar cycle minimum conditions. While it will not be certain for another six months to a year if the actual solar cycle minimum irradiance values have been obtained for the transition between solar cycles 23 a ...
... April 2008 was an excellent opportunity to coordinate observations and compare results for solar cycle minimum conditions. While it will not be certain for another six months to a year if the actual solar cycle minimum irradiance values have been obtained for the transition between solar cycles 23 a ...
What is Beneath the Sunspots? Home Page ____________________________________________
... several existing classes of sunspot models, but they are more or less suited to local helioseismology [11], and as new sunspots images may bring challenge to solar physics such as treatment of penumbra filaments as “convection cells” [12], or the twisting motions of penumbral filaments [13], and rea ...
... several existing classes of sunspot models, but they are more or less suited to local helioseismology [11], and as new sunspots images may bring challenge to solar physics such as treatment of penumbra filaments as “convection cells” [12], or the twisting motions of penumbral filaments [13], and rea ...
SOFT X-RAY EMISSIONS FROM PLANETS, MOONS, AND COMETS
... Terrestrial x-rays were discovered in the 1950s. The launch of the first x-ray satellite UHURU in 1970 marked the beginning of satellite-based x-ray astronomy. Subsequently launched x-ray observatories - Einstein, and particularly Rontgensatellit (ROSAT), made important contributions to planetary x- ...
... Terrestrial x-rays were discovered in the 1950s. The launch of the first x-ray satellite UHURU in 1970 marked the beginning of satellite-based x-ray astronomy. Subsequently launched x-ray observatories - Einstein, and particularly Rontgensatellit (ROSAT), made important contributions to planetary x- ...
CEA - The Sun
... the Mediterranean Sea) and even in a tunnel (Gran Sasso, under Mont-Blanc), to shield them from other types of cosmic radiation. A thick covering of earth or water acts like a sieve, only allowing the most penetrating particles to pass through. Scientifically these experiments have been impressive. ...
... the Mediterranean Sea) and even in a tunnel (Gran Sasso, under Mont-Blanc), to shield them from other types of cosmic radiation. A thick covering of earth or water acts like a sieve, only allowing the most penetrating particles to pass through. Scientifically these experiments have been impressive. ...
A Study on Midrange Periodicity of Sunspot Number During Solar
... solar cycle which describes a variation in solar activity over an 11 year period. The possibility of a solar cycle was first noticed in 1843 by Samuel Schwabe after counting the number of sunspots present on the Sun over 17 years. He noticed that the number of sunspots visible at any one time was no ...
... solar cycle which describes a variation in solar activity over an 11 year period. The possibility of a solar cycle was first noticed in 1843 by Samuel Schwabe after counting the number of sunspots present on the Sun over 17 years. He noticed that the number of sunspots visible at any one time was no ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.