Statistical survey of widely spread out solar electron events
... Context. In February 2011, the two STEREO spacecrafts reached a separation of 180 degrees in longitude, offering a complete view of the Sun for the first time ever. When the full Sun surface is visible, source active regions of solar energetic particle (SEP) events can be identified unambiguously. ST ...
... Context. In February 2011, the two STEREO spacecrafts reached a separation of 180 degrees in longitude, offering a complete view of the Sun for the first time ever. When the full Sun surface is visible, source active regions of solar energetic particle (SEP) events can be identified unambiguously. ST ...
Global Properties of Solar Flares
... The idea that a solar disturbance could affect a terrestrial instrument such as a compass seemed highly improbable at the time, but it turned out to be indeed a correct association, so this first observed flare served to suggest immediately the capability for a such a solar event to have widely felt ...
... The idea that a solar disturbance could affect a terrestrial instrument such as a compass seemed highly improbable at the time, but it turned out to be indeed a correct association, so this first observed flare served to suggest immediately the capability for a such a solar event to have widely felt ...
Construction and Operation of an Axion Helioscope
... light particles with a two-photon interaction vertex. Such particles would be pro duced in the solar interior by Primakoff conversion of blackbody photons and could be detected by their reconversion into x-rays (average energy about 4 keY) in a strong macroscopic magnetic field. The heart of the de ...
... light particles with a two-photon interaction vertex. Such particles would be pro duced in the solar interior by Primakoff conversion of blackbody photons and could be detected by their reconversion into x-rays (average energy about 4 keY) in a strong macroscopic magnetic field. The heart of the de ...
PHY 380L Introduction to Plasma Physics Richard Fitzpatrick
... numbers of positive and negative charge carriers. In this situation, the oppositely charged fluids are strongly coupled, and tend to electrically neutralize one another on macroscopic length-scales. Such plasmas are termed quasi-neutral (“quasi” because the small deviations from exact neutrality hav ...
... numbers of positive and negative charge carriers. In this situation, the oppositely charged fluids are strongly coupled, and tend to electrically neutralize one another on macroscopic length-scales. Such plasmas are termed quasi-neutral (“quasi” because the small deviations from exact neutrality hav ...
Probability of Solar Flares Turn Out to Form a Coronal Mass
... of solar flares and CMEs variations from the corona magnetic region is the most active manifestation of solar activity and one of the main solar activities is of scientific interest because it reveals the furthering knowledge of the Sun. Interestingly, among different types of observation, the groun ...
... of solar flares and CMEs variations from the corona magnetic region is the most active manifestation of solar activity and one of the main solar activities is of scientific interest because it reveals the furthering knowledge of the Sun. Interestingly, among different types of observation, the groun ...
Persistence of the Gleissberg 88-year solar cycle over
... [2] Although there are other century-scale periodicities in cosmogenic isotope variations that have been related to solar activity [Sonett, 1984; Sonett and Finney, 1990; Damon and Sonett, 1991] the first to be clearly established as of solar origin was the Gleissberg cycle. It was shown to be intri ...
... [2] Although there are other century-scale periodicities in cosmogenic isotope variations that have been related to solar activity [Sonett, 1984; Sonett and Finney, 1990; Damon and Sonett, 1991] the first to be clearly established as of solar origin was the Gleissberg cycle. It was shown to be intri ...
Numerical models of sunspot formation and fine structure
... understanding of the processes involved in the transport of the magnetic field towards the visible solar surface and formation of active regions and sunspots in the photosphere [3,4]. While the process of flux emergence is formally a part of the dynamo itself, it is typically modelled independently ow ...
... understanding of the processes involved in the transport of the magnetic field towards the visible solar surface and formation of active regions and sunspots in the photosphere [3,4]. While the process of flux emergence is formally a part of the dynamo itself, it is typically modelled independently ow ...
Master`s Thesis
... A total of four stellar flares coming from different sources have been studied, where GSFLAI and SISTED time evolution during the day when the event was detected are shown in graphics and three tables. Moreover, some parameters of interest are also shown for previous and later days of each of these ...
... A total of four stellar flares coming from different sources have been studied, where GSFLAI and SISTED time evolution during the day when the event was detected are shown in graphics and three tables. Moreover, some parameters of interest are also shown for previous and later days of each of these ...
S.V. Berdyugina, I.G. Usoskin, Preferred Longitudes in Sunspot
... time and find that the regions migrate in phase as rigid structures. When a region reaches ϕ = 1, it appears again near ϕ = 0. In such cases we add an integer to the phase and unfold continuous migration of the regions. An example for the solar cycle 18 is shown in Fig. 2. The migration results in a ...
... time and find that the regions migrate in phase as rigid structures. When a region reaches ϕ = 1, it appears again near ϕ = 0. In such cases we add an integer to the phase and unfold continuous migration of the regions. An example for the solar cycle 18 is shown in Fig. 2. The migration results in a ...
Richard Congdon. pdf
... Only a few of the elements in the universe were created at its beginning during the Big Bang, namely: hydrogen, deuterium, helium-3 and lithium (1H, 2H, 3He, 7Li). No further stable elements were created at this time because the rapid expansion and cooling, as the Universe expanded into of the void. ...
... Only a few of the elements in the universe were created at its beginning during the Big Bang, namely: hydrogen, deuterium, helium-3 and lithium (1H, 2H, 3He, 7Li). No further stable elements were created at this time because the rapid expansion and cooling, as the Universe expanded into of the void. ...
EUV and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Active Sun
... specifically the behaviour of solar flares and coronal mass ejections. An investigation into the hydrodynamic evolution of a confined solar flare was carried out using RHESSI, CDS, GOES and TRACE. Evidence for pre-flare heating, explosive and gentle chromospheric evaporation and loop draining were o ...
... specifically the behaviour of solar flares and coronal mass ejections. An investigation into the hydrodynamic evolution of a confined solar flare was carried out using RHESSI, CDS, GOES and TRACE. Evidence for pre-flare heating, explosive and gentle chromospheric evaporation and loop draining were o ...
Foreword You`ll notice here that I hardly make mention of gravity, if
... heavenly bodies out in space attract and repel each other and establish complex magnetic relationships. On Earth, much of the so-called gravity is simply atmospheric pressure that gives weight to small (relative to the planet) objects and alongside its magnetic field keeps them on its surface - much ...
... heavenly bodies out in space attract and repel each other and establish complex magnetic relationships. On Earth, much of the so-called gravity is simply atmospheric pressure that gives weight to small (relative to the planet) objects and alongside its magnetic field keeps them on its surface - much ...
Chandra HETGS Multiphase Spectroscopy Of The Young
... Ori C, the brightest star in the Trapezium and the primary source of ionization of the Orion Nebula, is the only O star with a measured magnetic field (Donati et al. 2002). This hot star is an unusually strong and hard X-ray source (Yamauchi & Koyama 1993; Yamauchi et al. 1996; Schulz et al. 2000) ...
... Ori C, the brightest star in the Trapezium and the primary source of ionization of the Orion Nebula, is the only O star with a measured magnetic field (Donati et al. 2002). This hot star is an unusually strong and hard X-ray source (Yamauchi & Koyama 1993; Yamauchi et al. 1996; Schulz et al. 2000) ...
The double-pulsar PSR J0737−3039A/B
... makes J0737−3039A’s orbit the tightest among those of all known binary pulsars in eccentric systems. The pulsar mass function was calculated and resulted 0.29 M . A strong constraint on the nature of PSR J0737−3039A companion came few days later from the first fit of a binary model to the times of ...
... makes J0737−3039A’s orbit the tightest among those of all known binary pulsars in eccentric systems. The pulsar mass function was calculated and resulted 0.29 M . A strong constraint on the nature of PSR J0737−3039A companion came few days later from the first fit of a binary model to the times of ...
Shock structure and ion dynamics
... Unlike single spacecraft that only provide single point measurements along the spacecraft trajectory, a multi-spacecraft We have examined in detail the properties of fi eld aligned beams as a function mission such as CLUSTER provides simultaneous readings of shock geometry, taking special care to is ...
... Unlike single spacecraft that only provide single point measurements along the spacecraft trajectory, a multi-spacecraft We have examined in detail the properties of fi eld aligned beams as a function mission such as CLUSTER provides simultaneous readings of shock geometry, taking special care to is ...
ESA ACHIEVEMENTS
... relationship with the European Union has been strengthened substantially by a Eumetsat. The ECS communications satellites led to Framework Agreement essential for joint activities. The joint Space Council set Eutelsat, and the Marecs maritime satellites were vitally up by this Framework Agreement he ...
... relationship with the European Union has been strengthened substantially by a Eumetsat. The ECS communications satellites led to Framework Agreement essential for joint activities. The joint Space Council set Eutelsat, and the Marecs maritime satellites were vitally up by this Framework Agreement he ...
Estimation of picked-up lunar ions for future compositional remote SIMS
... desorption. ESD and PSD are electronic processes via subsequent intra-atomic Auger decay caused by incident electrons and photons, respectively (Ageev et al., 1995). Both of them preferably desorb alkali species whose binding energy to oxides is relatively small. The laboratory study of Yakshinskiy ...
... desorption. ESD and PSD are electronic processes via subsequent intra-atomic Auger decay caused by incident electrons and photons, respectively (Ageev et al., 1995). Both of them preferably desorb alkali species whose binding energy to oxides is relatively small. The laboratory study of Yakshinskiy ...
cosmic-ray neon, wolf-rayet stars, and the superbubble origin of
... Meynet & Maeder 2000). These SNe could have injected large amounts of 20 Ne and other -particle nuclei (i.e., even-Z nuclei with A/Z ¼ 2) into the presolar nebula, thus resulting in the ...
... Meynet & Maeder 2000). These SNe could have injected large amounts of 20 Ne and other -particle nuclei (i.e., even-Z nuclei with A/Z ¼ 2) into the presolar nebula, thus resulting in the ...
qbo-period-8-0822
... SC–min condition (a), SC-max condition (b) and 3xSC-max condition (c). The Fourier spectra of the zonal wind are shown in (d). The results review a QBO period of 25 months for the solar-min, 26 months for the solar-max and 29 months for the 3xSC-max conditions. Thus, the period of the QBO is lengthe ...
... SC–min condition (a), SC-max condition (b) and 3xSC-max condition (c). The Fourier spectra of the zonal wind are shown in (d). The results review a QBO period of 25 months for the solar-min, 26 months for the solar-max and 29 months for the 3xSC-max conditions. Thus, the period of the QBO is lengthe ...
Solar flux variation of the electron temperature morning
... Figure 2. Diurnal variation of CHAMP (top) electron density and (middle) electron temperature data between ±5° dip latitude for three different solar flux levels averaged over longitude and season. Standard deviations of the mean values are shown as thin vertical lines. For better visibility the sta ...
... Figure 2. Diurnal variation of CHAMP (top) electron density and (middle) electron temperature data between ±5° dip latitude for three different solar flux levels averaged over longitude and season. Standard deviations of the mean values are shown as thin vertical lines. For better visibility the sta ...
Neptune and Triton_ Essential pieces of the Solar System puzzle
... composed of “ices” (volatile elements heavier than hydrogen and helium). However, there are fundamental and important differences between the Uranus and Neptune planetary systems, which their common classification as ice giant planets should not obscure. The Neptune system is unique, providing opport ...
... composed of “ices” (volatile elements heavier than hydrogen and helium). However, there are fundamental and important differences between the Uranus and Neptune planetary systems, which their common classification as ice giant planets should not obscure. The Neptune system is unique, providing opport ...
What does the EUV and thin film group do?
... – interact strongly with all matter – Human hair is 100 micron. – Characteristic absorption length is 0.01 to 0.1 micron – Refractive index is ~1 ...
... – interact strongly with all matter – Human hair is 100 micron. – Characteristic absorption length is 0.01 to 0.1 micron – Refractive index is ~1 ...
Coupling from the Photosphere to the Chromosphere and the
... and oversimplified concepts, even when they are didactically nicer than the reality. The solar atmosphere should not be seen as a static stack of layers but rather as intermittent domains that are dynamically coupled together. One example is magnetic flux structures (or “flux tubes”) fanning out wit ...
... and oversimplified concepts, even when they are didactically nicer than the reality. The solar atmosphere should not be seen as a static stack of layers but rather as intermittent domains that are dynamically coupled together. One example is magnetic flux structures (or “flux tubes”) fanning out wit ...
Fusion: A true challenge for an enormous reward
... all particles to the outside, irrespective of their charge. Without special measures, it is thus impossible to confine a toroidal plasma in a stable way. However, if the magnetic field can be given an extra twist, vertical drifts can be cancelled and a suitable trap can be made for fusion plasmas. Thi ...
... all particles to the outside, irrespective of their charge. Without special measures, it is thus impossible to confine a toroidal plasma in a stable way. However, if the magnetic field can be given an extra twist, vertical drifts can be cancelled and a suitable trap can be made for fusion plasmas. Thi ...
The Sun - challenge for scientists
... ● Two main focus areas of the modern solar science ♦ Understanding of the physical mechanisms of the solar dynamics and magnetism. Determination of ways by which the energy generated in the Sun’s core is released into space Detailed study of interaction of the solar plasmas and magnetic field. Theor ...
... ● Two main focus areas of the modern solar science ♦ Understanding of the physical mechanisms of the solar dynamics and magnetism. Determination of ways by which the energy generated in the Sun’s core is released into space Detailed study of interaction of the solar plasmas and magnetic field. Theor ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.