Analytical estimates of the resistivity due to ion
... Lorentzian plasma is strongly dependent on the electron drift velocity, and can vary by a factor of 100 for a 1.5 increase in the electron drift velocity. 5. Anomalous resistivity seen in 1-D simulation 6. Resistivity I) Corona = 0.1 m, II) Magnetosphere = 0.001 m ...
... Lorentzian plasma is strongly dependent on the electron drift velocity, and can vary by a factor of 100 for a 1.5 increase in the electron drift velocity. 5. Anomalous resistivity seen in 1-D simulation 6. Resistivity I) Corona = 0.1 m, II) Magnetosphere = 0.001 m ...
Cosmological Implications of Trace
... needed for the solar wind to have equal escaping fluxes of protons and electrons for a given windsource temperature. Figure 2 shows the corresponding predicted proton escape velocities for a thermal M-B and κ-distribution windsource near the base of the corona with ‘conventional’ (Meyer-Vernet [2007 ...
... needed for the solar wind to have equal escaping fluxes of protons and electrons for a given windsource temperature. Figure 2 shows the corresponding predicted proton escape velocities for a thermal M-B and κ-distribution windsource near the base of the corona with ‘conventional’ (Meyer-Vernet [2007 ...
Astroparticle Physics V 3 p 239 257 1995
... on ‘Be solar neutrinos in absence of a correct evaluation of the role played by the 457 keV state [22]. There is no detailed information on the de-excitation branching ratios of this level which should mainly decay directly to the ground state without involving the characteristic delayed P--y signat ...
... on ‘Be solar neutrinos in absence of a correct evaluation of the role played by the 457 keV state [22]. There is no detailed information on the de-excitation branching ratios of this level which should mainly decay directly to the ground state without involving the characteristic delayed P--y signat ...
NASA/TM—2005–213688 National Aeronautics and Space Administration AD33
... Center (MSFC) to assess a list of “Revolutionary Physical Sciences Radiation Protection Strategies,” (app. A) that had been assembled by Headquarters’ Advanced Radiation Protection Working Group, and other concepts found in the literature. For planetary missions, the necessity of adequately shieldin ...
... Center (MSFC) to assess a list of “Revolutionary Physical Sciences Radiation Protection Strategies,” (app. A) that had been assembled by Headquarters’ Advanced Radiation Protection Working Group, and other concepts found in the literature. For planetary missions, the necessity of adequately shieldin ...
Spectral properties, magnetic fields, and dust transport at lunar swirls
... In Section 3 we will develop a new theory for swirl formation, motivated in part by the spectral data below. This new theory, if correct, may give further insight into magnetic field strengths at swirls, and therefore the nature of lunar magnetic anomalies in general. 2.2. Spectral properties of luna ...
... In Section 3 we will develop a new theory for swirl formation, motivated in part by the spectral data below. This new theory, if correct, may give further insight into magnetic field strengths at swirls, and therefore the nature of lunar magnetic anomalies in general. 2.2. Spectral properties of luna ...
Lecture Notes and Essays in Astrophysics VOLUME III
... Planetology, Solar and Stellar Physics, Extragalactic Astronomy, Cosmology and astronomical instrumentation. After decades without a dedicated mission, Venus is again in fashion. On the one hand, Ricardo Hueso and collaborators, and on the other Miguel Ángel López-Valverde, review ESA Venus Expres ...
... Planetology, Solar and Stellar Physics, Extragalactic Astronomy, Cosmology and astronomical instrumentation. After decades without a dedicated mission, Venus is again in fashion. On the one hand, Ricardo Hueso and collaborators, and on the other Miguel Ángel López-Valverde, review ESA Venus Expres ...
Wind-Blown Bubbles around Evolved Stars
... In these simulations, the stellar wind is injected in the form of a thermal energy and mass source in a small volume around the star, and for this reason temperatures in the unshocked stellar wind region are high but do not affect the dynamics since the flow is highly supersonic in this region. ...
... In these simulations, the stellar wind is injected in the form of a thermal energy and mass source in a small volume around the star, and for this reason temperatures in the unshocked stellar wind region are high but do not affect the dynamics since the flow is highly supersonic in this region. ...
SOLAR HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONS FROM
... accelerated during solar flares. Since the beginning of 1990 the PHEBUS instrument and the SIGMA anticoincidence shield aboard GRANAT have provided hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of solar bursts in the energy range 0.075-124 and 0.200-15 MeV, respectively. After a brief description of the exp ...
... accelerated during solar flares. Since the beginning of 1990 the PHEBUS instrument and the SIGMA anticoincidence shield aboard GRANAT have provided hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of solar bursts in the energy range 0.075-124 and 0.200-15 MeV, respectively. After a brief description of the exp ...
FUTURE INSTRUMENTAL CAPABILITIES IN THE ENERGY RANGE
... transparent elements located in front of a position sensitive detection plane (PSD). Scanning collimators or rotating modulating collimators use moving aperture parts in order to time modulate the intensity at a detection plane that does not need to provide spatial resolution. Many of these instrume ...
... transparent elements located in front of a position sensitive detection plane (PSD). Scanning collimators or rotating modulating collimators use moving aperture parts in order to time modulate the intensity at a detection plane that does not need to provide spatial resolution. Many of these instrume ...
Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
STELLAR SPECTRA A. Basic Line Formation
... – Schwarzschild, Eddington, Milne, Thomas and many others throughout the twentieth century: development of more general line-formation theory, especially radiation transport through ...
... – Schwarzschild, Eddington, Milne, Thomas and many others throughout the twentieth century: development of more general line-formation theory, especially radiation transport through ...
The Flow of Energy Out of the Sun
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
MUSE - Mission to the Uranian System: Unveiling the
... will accrete a massive gaseous envelope when reaching a critical mass of around 5-30 Earth masses (e. g., Pollack (1996); Hubickyj et al. (2005)). In this case, Uranus and Neptune could not have formed within the timescale of the existence of the accretion disk, when enough dust particles were still ...
... will accrete a massive gaseous envelope when reaching a critical mass of around 5-30 Earth masses (e. g., Pollack (1996); Hubickyj et al. (2005)). In this case, Uranus and Neptune could not have formed within the timescale of the existence of the accretion disk, when enough dust particles were still ...
Use the following list to match to the statements below: Seismic
... 23. Nearly all of what we know about the Earth’s interior comes from this ANS: Seismic body waves; P and S waves; indirect evidence ...
... 23. Nearly all of what we know about the Earth’s interior comes from this ANS: Seismic body waves; P and S waves; indirect evidence ...
Response of equatorial-low latitude ionosphere
... a global basis, Nishida and Jacobs [1962] asserted that any theory of BC should also be able to explain si -. To our knowledge, the only work done on this issue subsequently was the study of Araki and Nagano[19S8] using magnetic field measurements on ground and by satellites. Based on the equivalent ...
... a global basis, Nishida and Jacobs [1962] asserted that any theory of BC should also be able to explain si -. To our knowledge, the only work done on this issue subsequently was the study of Araki and Nagano[19S8] using magnetic field measurements on ground and by satellites. Based on the equivalent ...
Comets review.fm - Journals at the University of Arizona
... “The Nucleus,” “The Gas Coma,” “Dust and Plasma,” and “Interrelations.” Every part contains several excellent reviews of related topics, for a total of 37 papers. Most of the papers contain numerous black-and-white illustrations that are very useful in following the general arguments. There is also ...
... “The Nucleus,” “The Gas Coma,” “Dust and Plasma,” and “Interrelations.” Every part contains several excellent reviews of related topics, for a total of 37 papers. Most of the papers contain numerous black-and-white illustrations that are very useful in following the general arguments. There is also ...
The Flow of Energy Out of the Sun
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
TheFlowOfEnergyOutOf..
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
... In Exercise 5 you watched the progress of individual photons as they followed a random walk from the core of the sun to its surface. The process was a statistical one, governed by chance, and you had to repeat the experiment several times to get an estimate of how many interactions, on the average, ...
Dating the Earliest Solids in our Solar System
... chondrules and CAIs were heated by shock waves that originated in the asteroid belt region. These shock waves moved through the dusty cloud at supersonic speeds, produced frictional heating, and melted the dust particles. According to the jet flow model developed by Frank Shu (University of Californ ...
... chondrules and CAIs were heated by shock waves that originated in the asteroid belt region. These shock waves moved through the dusty cloud at supersonic speeds, produced frictional heating, and melted the dust particles. According to the jet flow model developed by Frank Shu (University of Californ ...
Cosmic Radiation
... eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. Space is essentially empty so there is little material that can get in the way and slow down the particles from supernova as they are scattered throughout the Universe. Some of these May 2002 ...
... eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. Space is essentially empty so there is little material that can get in the way and slow down the particles from supernova as they are scattered throughout the Universe. Some of these May 2002 ...
Venus express: Highlights of the nominal mission - HAL
... planet, and will make significant contribution to the field of comparative planetology. The Venus Express payload consists to a great extent of the instruments inherited from the Mars Express and Rosetta missions, which were found to be quite suitable for making a breakthrough in Venus studies (Tito ...
... planet, and will make significant contribution to the field of comparative planetology. The Venus Express payload consists to a great extent of the instruments inherited from the Mars Express and Rosetta missions, which were found to be quite suitable for making a breakthrough in Venus studies (Tito ...
8th International Workshop on Planetary, Solar and Heliospheric
... On the evening of the first workshop day, Tuesday October 25, we will have a wine tasting event starting at 8 PM as a kind of icebreaker party. The region of southern Styria is well-known for its excellent white wines, for example, wines from Erich and Walter Polz were served at the wedding dinner o ...
... On the evening of the first workshop day, Tuesday October 25, we will have a wine tasting event starting at 8 PM as a kind of icebreaker party. The region of southern Styria is well-known for its excellent white wines, for example, wines from Erich and Walter Polz were served at the wedding dinner o ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.