The Capabilities and Applications of FY
... FengYun-3 (FY-3)A/B satellites which were successfully launched into orbit on May 27, 2008, and November 5, 2010, respectively. FY-3A/B are Chinese operational meteorological satellites in Sun-synchronous polar circular low-altitude (830 km) orbit with a 98◦ inclination, covering the midmorning and ...
... FengYun-3 (FY-3)A/B satellites which were successfully launched into orbit on May 27, 2008, and November 5, 2010, respectively. FY-3A/B are Chinese operational meteorological satellites in Sun-synchronous polar circular low-altitude (830 km) orbit with a 98◦ inclination, covering the midmorning and ...
Effects of M dwarf magnetic fields on potentially habitable planets
... by considering the stellar wind. Our method provides a fast means to assess which planets are most affected by the stellar magnetic field, which can be used as a first study to be followed by more sophisticated models. We show that hypothetical Earth-like planets with similar terrestrial magnetisati ...
... by considering the stellar wind. Our method provides a fast means to assess which planets are most affected by the stellar magnetic field, which can be used as a first study to be followed by more sophisticated models. We show that hypothetical Earth-like planets with similar terrestrial magnetisati ...
$doc.title
... by considering the stellar wind. Our method provides a fast means to assess which planets are most affected by the stellar magnetic field, which can be used as a first study to be followed by more sophisticated models. We show that hypothetical Earth-like planets with similar terrestrial magnetisati ...
... by considering the stellar wind. Our method provides a fast means to assess which planets are most affected by the stellar magnetic field, which can be used as a first study to be followed by more sophisticated models. We show that hypothetical Earth-like planets with similar terrestrial magnetisati ...
New Interpretations of Measured Antihydrogen Velocities and Field
... (Received 20 June 2006; published 5 October 2006) atoms are produced We present extensive Monte Carlo simulations, showing that cold antihydrogen (H) with are gently heated in the side wells of a nested Penning trap. The observed H when antiprotons (p) high energies, that had seemed to indicat ...
... (Received 20 June 2006; published 5 October 2006) atoms are produced We present extensive Monte Carlo simulations, showing that cold antihydrogen (H) with are gently heated in the side wells of a nested Penning trap. The observed H when antiprotons (p) high energies, that had seemed to indicat ...
PDF
... method has been developed for 3D reconstruction of the global coronal magnetic field (Kramar et al., 2006, 2013), and recently, first 3D reconstruction of the global coronal magnetic field has been performed based on the CoMP data (Kramar et al., 2016). Another, thought implicit but also based on co ...
... method has been developed for 3D reconstruction of the global coronal magnetic field (Kramar et al., 2006, 2013), and recently, first 3D reconstruction of the global coronal magnetic field has been performed based on the CoMP data (Kramar et al., 2016). Another, thought implicit but also based on co ...
Measuring Dispersion in Signals from the Crab Pulsar
... million times brighter than average Very Bright pulses ...
... million times brighter than average Very Bright pulses ...
Exospheres and Atmospheric Escape
... determine the structure of the corona and lead to molecular escape are considered in this paper. A planet’s atmosphere decreases in density with increasing altitude, thus an altitude is eventually reached above which molecules can travel planetary scale distances with a very small probability of mak ...
... determine the structure of the corona and lead to molecular escape are considered in this paper. A planet’s atmosphere decreases in density with increasing altitude, thus an altitude is eventually reached above which molecules can travel planetary scale distances with a very small probability of mak ...
MS Word - Boston University
... from 20 keV to 2 MeV in the low latitude outer magnetosphere, which showed a sharp dropout in the flux of 90-degree pitch angle particles. These distributions were present on the night side near the magnetic equatorial plane and were far more prevalent in electrons than in protons. These distributio ...
... from 20 keV to 2 MeV in the low latitude outer magnetosphere, which showed a sharp dropout in the flux of 90-degree pitch angle particles. These distributions were present on the night side near the magnetic equatorial plane and were far more prevalent in electrons than in protons. These distributio ...
hessdalen a perfect “natural battery”
... “lights” – a phenomenon that has been observed by hundreds of people, including valley dwellers, tourists, curious passer-by people. These lights have never been associated to a clear identification; since the ‘80s they have been literally defined as UFOs. Following the several extemporary observati ...
... “lights” – a phenomenon that has been observed by hundreds of people, including valley dwellers, tourists, curious passer-by people. These lights have never been associated to a clear identification; since the ‘80s they have been literally defined as UFOs. Following the several extemporary observati ...
Effects of Thomson-Scattering Geometry on White-Light
... inner heliosphere is not only determined by the local electron density, but also by Thomsonscattering theory. The Thomson-scattering geometry is defined by a sphere, on which the Sun and the observer are located on opposite ends of the diameter. The classical theory of Thomson scattering by Billings ...
... inner heliosphere is not only determined by the local electron density, but also by Thomsonscattering theory. The Thomson-scattering geometry is defined by a sphere, on which the Sun and the observer are located on opposite ends of the diameter. The classical theory of Thomson scattering by Billings ...
volume 86 part 3 - Australian ITER Forum
... Figure 1 (a) This shows different plasmas in terms of their temperature in K, and the number density (no. of charged particles/m3). The range of temperatures spans more than six orders of magnitude, while the number density spans more than 30 orders of magnitude.
... Figure 1 (a) This shows different plasmas in terms of their temperature in K, and the number density (no. of charged particles/m3). The range of temperatures spans more than six orders of magnitude, while the number density spans more than 30 orders of magnitude.
scholer-shocks
... higher than in front or behind of the peak. The peak will catch up with the part of the peak ahead of it, and the wave steepens. The wave steepens until the flow becomes nonadiabatic. Viscous effects become important and a shock wave forms where steepening is balanced by viscous dissiplation. ...
... higher than in front or behind of the peak. The peak will catch up with the part of the peak ahead of it, and the wave steepens. The wave steepens until the flow becomes nonadiabatic. Viscous effects become important and a shock wave forms where steepening is balanced by viscous dissiplation. ...
Cosmic Rays near Proxima Centauri b
... and references within). Cosmic rays as a factor of space weather were considered only by one group, possibly, their first and most cited work in this regard is Grießmeier et al. (2005). The dependence of the Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) induced radiation dose on the strength of the planetary magnetic ...
... and references within). Cosmic rays as a factor of space weather were considered only by one group, possibly, their first and most cited work in this regard is Grießmeier et al. (2005). The dependence of the Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) induced radiation dose on the strength of the planetary magnetic ...
01.1PART I_Ch1.fm - The Thunderbolts Project
... • Space is empty and cannot conduct electricity; • Magnetic fields do not exist in space; • The tails of comets are pushed away from the Sun by the pressure of light; • Jupiter and Saturn have been cold and inactive since the early history of the solar system; • The planet Mars has been geologically ...
... • Space is empty and cannot conduct electricity; • Magnetic fields do not exist in space; • The tails of comets are pushed away from the Sun by the pressure of light; • Jupiter and Saturn have been cold and inactive since the early history of the solar system; • The planet Mars has been geologically ...
Diffusion of Open Magnetic Flux and Its Consequences
... Diffusion by random convectiv e motion s and by reconnection at the base of coronal loop s is relative ly easy to describe and in principle can be related to solar observations. What then about canopy diffusion, where the reconnections occur in th e canopy of loops at the Sun not at their base. ...
... Diffusion by random convectiv e motion s and by reconnection at the base of coronal loop s is relative ly easy to describe and in principle can be related to solar observations. What then about canopy diffusion, where the reconnections occur in th e canopy of loops at the Sun not at their base. ...
Cosmic Rays
... similar to the composition of the Earth and solar system. but studies of the composition of the isotopes in GCRs may indicate the that the seed population for GCRs is neither the interstellar gas nor the shards of giant stars that went supernova. This is an area of current study. ...
... similar to the composition of the Earth and solar system. but studies of the composition of the isotopes in GCRs may indicate the that the seed population for GCRs is neither the interstellar gas nor the shards of giant stars that went supernova. This is an area of current study. ...
RAL Space - Science and Technology Facilities Council
... Cluster is an ESA mission, revolutionising our understanding of the interaction between electrically charged particles from the Sun and the Earth's magnetic field. The four Cluster spacecraft were launched in pairs on 16 July and 9 August 2000 and now orbit the Earth in formation. This unique set of ...
... Cluster is an ESA mission, revolutionising our understanding of the interaction between electrically charged particles from the Sun and the Earth's magnetic field. The four Cluster spacecraft were launched in pairs on 16 July and 9 August 2000 and now orbit the Earth in formation. This unique set of ...
study of planetary magnetic fields
... the exploration of solar system bodies. Magnetic fields play a very important role in the Sun. From sunspots to coronal heating, from solar ares to coronal mass ejections all these apparently diverse phenomena have magnetic fields as their ultimate cause. The study of the terrestrial dynamo is a dif ...
... the exploration of solar system bodies. Magnetic fields play a very important role in the Sun. From sunspots to coronal heating, from solar ares to coronal mass ejections all these apparently diverse phenomena have magnetic fields as their ultimate cause. The study of the terrestrial dynamo is a dif ...
Solar X-ray and UV radiation at Earth`s surface 4–3.5 billion years ago
... 1972]. This refers to the apparently paradoxical evidence for the presence of liquid water (as clearly indicated by geological evidence such as pillow basalts), while the Sun did not provide sufficient energy for water to be present at the Earth’s surface in any other form than ice, under presentday ...
... 1972]. This refers to the apparently paradoxical evidence for the presence of liquid water (as clearly indicated by geological evidence such as pillow basalts), while the Sun did not provide sufficient energy for water to be present at the Earth’s surface in any other form than ice, under presentday ...
Session 1: Structure and dynamics of the solar chromosphere
... In 2006, the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra (Coimbra, Portugal) – Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra (OAUC) - will celebrate the 80th anniversary of performing the first spectroheliographic observations in Coimbra. Full-disk spectroheliograms have been routine ...
... In 2006, the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra (Coimbra, Portugal) – Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra (OAUC) - will celebrate the 80th anniversary of performing the first spectroheliographic observations in Coimbra. Full-disk spectroheliograms have been routine ...
The Solar Wind Power from Magnetic Flux
... results suggests that the Sun may be typical of other stars. The power of stellar winds should scale with the magnetic flux of the large-scale stellar fields. By observing astrospheres (e.g., Wood et al. 2005), and inferring the properties of their winds, the power versus magnetic flux scaling provi ...
... results suggests that the Sun may be typical of other stars. The power of stellar winds should scale with the magnetic flux of the large-scale stellar fields. By observing astrospheres (e.g., Wood et al. 2005), and inferring the properties of their winds, the power versus magnetic flux scaling provi ...
Gamma-Ray Astroparticle Physics
... incident gamma rays lose energy mainly in ionizing the surrounding atoms; secondary electrons may in turn ionize the material, producing an amplification effect Most space X- ray telescopes consist of ...
... incident gamma rays lose energy mainly in ionizing the surrounding atoms; secondary electrons may in turn ionize the material, producing an amplification effect Most space X- ray telescopes consist of ...
Nonuniform viscosity in the solar nebula and large masses of Jupiter
... ray ionization is more significant where Σ is low, which is the outer region of the nebula. Thus the MRI can survive there. An estimate of the location of the transition zone between the outer region and the intermediate region (where the MRI can not survive) can be found by equating the cosmic ray ...
... ray ionization is more significant where Σ is low, which is the outer region of the nebula. Thus the MRI can survive there. An estimate of the location of the transition zone between the outer region and the intermediate region (where the MRI can not survive) can be found by equating the cosmic ray ...
Who’s Afraid of a Stellar Superflare? Rachel Osten GSFC
... We derived X-ray luminosities for the standard SIS bandpass (0.5È10 keV), and, after extrapolation of the model, for the ROSAT bandpass (0.1È2.4 keV). From conÐdence range simulations, we Ðnd statistical errors for the total emission measure, and consequently for the X-ray luminosity, of 12%È17%. Th ...
... We derived X-ray luminosities for the standard SIS bandpass (0.5È10 keV), and, after extrapolation of the model, for the ROSAT bandpass (0.1È2.4 keV). From conÐdence range simulations, we Ðnd statistical errors for the total emission measure, and consequently for the X-ray luminosity, of 12%È17%. Th ...
The influence of negatively charged, heavier
... theoretical grounds by Ip and Axford in the early 1980s. And this turbulence in the form of Alfven waves was detected by ICE (International Cometary Explorer) satellite at the comet Giacobini-Zinner [1]. Similar turbulence was also observed at comet Halley by the spacecrafts Giotto and Vega [2, 3]. ...
... theoretical grounds by Ip and Axford in the early 1980s. And this turbulence in the form of Alfven waves was detected by ICE (International Cometary Explorer) satellite at the comet Giacobini-Zinner [1]. Similar turbulence was also observed at comet Halley by the spacecrafts Giotto and Vega [2, 3]. ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.