Fluid Mechanics - 上海交通大学工程力学教学基地
... • 1-2 Definition of a Fluid • The solid object will no change inside the a closed container • The liquid will change its shape to conform to that of the container and will take on the same boundaries as the container up to the maximum depth of the liquid ...
... • 1-2 Definition of a Fluid • The solid object will no change inside the a closed container • The liquid will change its shape to conform to that of the container and will take on the same boundaries as the container up to the maximum depth of the liquid ...
The importance of vacuum and the control of
... Freezes both the solvent and the solute Immobilises the material Defines the structure ready for drying The removal of the frozen free moisture by a process of sublimation – the conversion of ice to vapour without passing through the liquid phase ...
... Freezes both the solvent and the solute Immobilises the material Defines the structure ready for drying The removal of the frozen free moisture by a process of sublimation – the conversion of ice to vapour without passing through the liquid phase ...
SACHE Problem Set Volume 2 - Safety and Chemical Engineering
... emergency 24 hour toll free telephone number (800-424-9300). ...
... emergency 24 hour toll free telephone number (800-424-9300). ...
Analysis of Low Temperature Organic Rankine
... Figure 2.4. Rotary-vane-type expander used in the proposed ORC system ..................... 16 Figure 3.1. Schematic of the proposed solar ORC............................................................ 19 Figure 3.2. Comparison of the working fluids: (a) isentropic, (b) wet, and (c) dry. ......... ...
... Figure 2.4. Rotary-vane-type expander used in the proposed ORC system ..................... 16 Figure 3.1. Schematic of the proposed solar ORC............................................................ 19 Figure 3.2. Comparison of the working fluids: (a) isentropic, (b) wet, and (c) dry. ......... ...
Chapter 1 - UniMasr.com • Home
... In addition to the temperature, pressure, and volume data, property tables contain the data for the specific internal energy u, the specific enthalpy h, and the specific entropy s. The enthalpy is a convenient grouping of the internal energy, pressure, and volume and is given by: H = U + PV and the ...
... In addition to the temperature, pressure, and volume data, property tables contain the data for the specific internal energy u, the specific enthalpy h, and the specific entropy s. The enthalpy is a convenient grouping of the internal energy, pressure, and volume and is given by: H = U + PV and the ...
Electrolyte Concentration Effect of a Photoelectrochemical Cell
... properties? The reason is due to the fact that the glucose concentration range is small. They only picked the range from 0 to 6 mM/L. If they select the range from 0 to statured, the result may be changed. Alcohols and polyols are organic substances and the polarity of them is weak. The pure alcohol ...
... properties? The reason is due to the fact that the glucose concentration range is small. They only picked the range from 0 to 6 mM/L. If they select the range from 0 to statured, the result may be changed. Alcohols and polyols are organic substances and the polarity of them is weak. The pure alcohol ...
Full cell simulation and the evaluation of the buffer system on air
... losses due to mass transport, as well as biological and electrochemical reactions, in both the anode and cathode half-cells. Computational fluid dynamics and Monod-Nernst analysis are incorporated into the reactions for the anode biofilm and cathode Pt catalyst and biofilm. The integrated model provide ...
... losses due to mass transport, as well as biological and electrochemical reactions, in both the anode and cathode half-cells. Computational fluid dynamics and Monod-Nernst analysis are incorporated into the reactions for the anode biofilm and cathode Pt catalyst and biofilm. The integrated model provide ...
Study on Halide Ions Selectivity of Industrial Grade Anion Exchange
... resin were removed by repeated soxhlet extraction using water and occasionally with distilled methanol to remove non-polymerized organic impurities. In order to bring about complete conversion of resins in chloride form, the resins were conditioned with 10 % potassium chloride solution in a conditio ...
... resin were removed by repeated soxhlet extraction using water and occasionally with distilled methanol to remove non-polymerized organic impurities. In order to bring about complete conversion of resins in chloride form, the resins were conditioned with 10 % potassium chloride solution in a conditio ...
Urinary System
... duct and then into the minor calyx. However, if an individual is dehydrated, water conservation must occur, and more-concentrated urine is produced. ADH may act on the collecting duct epithelium, making it more able to absorb water from the tubular fluid. ...
... duct and then into the minor calyx. However, if an individual is dehydrated, water conservation must occur, and more-concentrated urine is produced. ADH may act on the collecting duct epithelium, making it more able to absorb water from the tubular fluid. ...
Study on Halide Ions Selectivity of Industrial Grade Anion
... resin were removed by repeated soxhlet extraction using water and occasionally with distilled methanol to remove non-polymerized organic impurities. In order to bring about complete conversion of resins in chloride form, the resins were conditioned with 10 % potassium chloride solution in a conditio ...
... resin were removed by repeated soxhlet extraction using water and occasionally with distilled methanol to remove non-polymerized organic impurities. In order to bring about complete conversion of resins in chloride form, the resins were conditioned with 10 % potassium chloride solution in a conditio ...
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics Applied to Thermal
... phase change process, which is known as the saturation curve. For each substance, including water, there is a specific temperature where a phase change will occur at a given pressure. Conversely, there is a specific pressure where a phase change will occur at a given temperature. However, for pressu ...
... phase change process, which is known as the saturation curve. For each substance, including water, there is a specific temperature where a phase change will occur at a given pressure. Conversely, there is a specific pressure where a phase change will occur at a given temperature. However, for pressu ...
Entropy in chemical thermodynamics
... can be quantified as follows: in thermal systems, changes in the entropy can be ascertained by observing the temperature while observing changes in energy. This is restricted to situations where thermal conduction is the only form of energy transfer (in contrast to frictional heating and other dissi ...
... can be quantified as follows: in thermal systems, changes in the entropy can be ascertained by observing the temperature while observing changes in energy. This is restricted to situations where thermal conduction is the only form of energy transfer (in contrast to frictional heating and other dissi ...
3 Thermal physics
... Pulling a block of wood along a rough surface is not the only way to increase its temperature. We can make a cold body hot by placing it next to a hot body. We know that if the cold body gets hot, then it must have received energy this is heat or thermal energy. We are often more interested in pre ...
... Pulling a block of wood along a rough surface is not the only way to increase its temperature. We can make a cold body hot by placing it next to a hot body. We know that if the cold body gets hot, then it must have received energy this is heat or thermal energy. We are often more interested in pre ...
Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation column, the vapors bubble up through the downward flowing liquid while exchanging both heat and mass.The maximum amount of heat or mass transfer that can be obtained is higher with countercurrent than co-current (parallel) exchange because countercurrent maintains a slowly declining difference or gradient (usually temperature or concentration difference). In cocurrent exchange the initial gradient is higher but falls off quickly, leading to wasted potential. For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated (exiting top) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid (exiting bottom) that was used for heating. With cocurrent or parallel exchange the heated and cooled fluids can only approach one another. The result is that countercurrent exchange can achieve a greater amount of heat or mass transfer than parallel under otherwise similar conditions. See: flow arrangement.Countercurrent exchange when set up in a circuit or loop can be used for building up concentrations, heat, or other properties of flowing liquids. Specifically when set up in a loop with a buffering liquid between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with active transport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a Countercurrent multiplier, enabling a multiplied effect of many small pumps to gradually build up a large concentration in the buffer liquid.Other countercurrent exchange circuits where the incoming and outgoing fluids touch each other are used for retaining a high concentration of a dissolved substance or for retaining heat, or for allowing the external buildup of the heat or concentration at one point in the system.Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a Rete mirabile, originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. It is mimicked in industrial systems. Countercurrent exchange is a key concept in chemical engineering thermodynamics and manufacturing processes, for example in extracting sucrose from sugar beet roots.Countercurrent multiplication is a similar but different concept where liquid moves in a loop followed by a long length of movement in opposite directions with an intermediate zone. The tube leading to the loop passively building up a gradient of heat (or cooling) or solvent concentration while the returning tube has a constant small pumping action all along it, so that a gradual intensification of the heat or concentration is created towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs.