Hypernatremia - cloudfront.net
... It is very important to note that the treatment for acute hypervolemic hypernatremia (less than 2 Change in Na+ Na+infuse – Na+present to 4 hours since salt ingestion or administration) concentration caused = is different from that for chronic hypervolemic [body weight (kg) × 0.6] + 1 by 1 L of infu ...
... It is very important to note that the treatment for acute hypervolemic hypernatremia (less than 2 Change in Na+ Na+infuse – Na+present to 4 hours since salt ingestion or administration) concentration caused = is different from that for chronic hypervolemic [body weight (kg) × 0.6] + 1 by 1 L of infu ...
Thermodynamic Processes
... A temperature difference of 0.00001 °F (degrees Fahrenheit) appears to be more reversible than transferring heat across a temperature difference of 100 °F. Irreversible (Real) Process An irreversible process cannot return both the system and the surroundings to their original conditions if reversed. ...
... A temperature difference of 0.00001 °F (degrees Fahrenheit) appears to be more reversible than transferring heat across a temperature difference of 100 °F. Irreversible (Real) Process An irreversible process cannot return both the system and the surroundings to their original conditions if reversed. ...
The Kidneys
... Filtrate passing through consists of water / ions / small organic molecules (glucose / fatty acids / amino acids / vitamins) Filtrate passing through contains very few plasma proteins Any potential useful products are reabsorbed in the PCT ...
... Filtrate passing through consists of water / ions / small organic molecules (glucose / fatty acids / amino acids / vitamins) Filtrate passing through contains very few plasma proteins Any potential useful products are reabsorbed in the PCT ...
Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology
... is called the filtered load. This glomerular filtrate is subsequently modified by reabsorption and secretion processes in the epithelial cells that line the nephron. With reabsorption, a substance that was previously filtered is transported from the lumen of the nephron into the peritubular capillar ...
... is called the filtered load. This glomerular filtrate is subsequently modified by reabsorption and secretion processes in the epithelial cells that line the nephron. With reabsorption, a substance that was previously filtered is transported from the lumen of the nephron into the peritubular capillar ...
01-Anatomy Of pituitary gland 1
... anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). •Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
... anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). •Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
... network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
... network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
anatomy of the pituitary gland
... Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
... Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ...
Topical Anesthetics
... Concentration of Topical Anesthetic • Concentration of topical anesthetic is higher than the same agent that will be injected • Higher concentration facilitates diffusion of the drug through the mucous membrane or abraded skin ...
... Concentration of Topical Anesthetic • Concentration of topical anesthetic is higher than the same agent that will be injected • Higher concentration facilitates diffusion of the drug through the mucous membrane or abraded skin ...
The high temperature heat capacity and related thermodynamic
... (2) The thermal analytical methods in which the heat capacity is determined by an inspection of the heating or cooling curves and a comparison with a standard. (3) The so called "drop" methods in which the heat content, relative to a fixed temperature, is measured by dropping a sample at a known tem ...
... (2) The thermal analytical methods in which the heat capacity is determined by an inspection of the heating or cooling curves and a comparison with a standard. (3) The so called "drop" methods in which the heat content, relative to a fixed temperature, is measured by dropping a sample at a known tem ...
Evolution of the lithosphere after tectonic emplacement or differential
... heat flow. Gvirtzmann an Nur (1999 and 2001) explained this by stating that the crust is floating freely on top of the astenosphere. They are the first and only one to note a completely absent lithospheric mantle. In Early Miocene time the subduction of Europe beneath Apulia lead to collision in th ...
... heat flow. Gvirtzmann an Nur (1999 and 2001) explained this by stating that the crust is floating freely on top of the astenosphere. They are the first and only one to note a completely absent lithospheric mantle. In Early Miocene time the subduction of Europe beneath Apulia lead to collision in th ...
Thermocouple and Viscosity
... Viscosity is one of most important property of lubricant, while temperature is the most important factor affecting viscosity. The fluid usually becomes less viscous, when temperature arises. Thus the viscosity of a lubricant can be matched to the mechanism’s requirement only if the lubricant’s visco ...
... Viscosity is one of most important property of lubricant, while temperature is the most important factor affecting viscosity. The fluid usually becomes less viscous, when temperature arises. Thus the viscosity of a lubricant can be matched to the mechanism’s requirement only if the lubricant’s visco ...
Thermodynamics Of Chemical Processes
... context, thermodynamics can be considered as the extension of mechanics covering all phenomena which require temperature as an additional unit. The science of applied (or engineering) thermodynamics is based on two foundations: at first, the three basic laws of thermodynamics and, at second, the pro ...
... context, thermodynamics can be considered as the extension of mechanics covering all phenomena which require temperature as an additional unit. The science of applied (or engineering) thermodynamics is based on two foundations: at first, the three basic laws of thermodynamics and, at second, the pro ...
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... to values predicted by the model. In an iterative process, user defined parameters are adjusted until the least squares difference of these values is minimized. First, model parameters were adjusted to fit data for the activity of water in K2CO3-water mixtures as calculated from freezing point depre ...
... to values predicted by the model. In an iterative process, user defined parameters are adjusted until the least squares difference of these values is minimized. First, model parameters were adjusted to fit data for the activity of water in K2CO3-water mixtures as calculated from freezing point depre ...
Dialysis Guide_scienova
... through a semipermeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration. Selectivity of dialysis is determined by pore size of semipermeable membranes. The end point of dialysis is t ...
... through a semipermeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration. Selectivity of dialysis is determined by pore size of semipermeable membranes. The end point of dialysis is t ...
Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation column, the vapors bubble up through the downward flowing liquid while exchanging both heat and mass.The maximum amount of heat or mass transfer that can be obtained is higher with countercurrent than co-current (parallel) exchange because countercurrent maintains a slowly declining difference or gradient (usually temperature or concentration difference). In cocurrent exchange the initial gradient is higher but falls off quickly, leading to wasted potential. For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated (exiting top) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid (exiting bottom) that was used for heating. With cocurrent or parallel exchange the heated and cooled fluids can only approach one another. The result is that countercurrent exchange can achieve a greater amount of heat or mass transfer than parallel under otherwise similar conditions. See: flow arrangement.Countercurrent exchange when set up in a circuit or loop can be used for building up concentrations, heat, or other properties of flowing liquids. Specifically when set up in a loop with a buffering liquid between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with active transport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a Countercurrent multiplier, enabling a multiplied effect of many small pumps to gradually build up a large concentration in the buffer liquid.Other countercurrent exchange circuits where the incoming and outgoing fluids touch each other are used for retaining a high concentration of a dissolved substance or for retaining heat, or for allowing the external buildup of the heat or concentration at one point in the system.Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a Rete mirabile, originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. It is mimicked in industrial systems. Countercurrent exchange is a key concept in chemical engineering thermodynamics and manufacturing processes, for example in extracting sucrose from sugar beet roots.Countercurrent multiplication is a similar but different concept where liquid moves in a loop followed by a long length of movement in opposite directions with an intermediate zone. The tube leading to the loop passively building up a gradient of heat (or cooling) or solvent concentration while the returning tube has a constant small pumping action all along it, so that a gradual intensification of the heat or concentration is created towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs.