1 Function of the Arabidopsis kinesin-4, FRA1, requires
... remarkably similar developmental and cell wall phenotypes as the knockout fra1-5 line (Zhou et al., 2007). ...
... remarkably similar developmental and cell wall phenotypes as the knockout fra1-5 line (Zhou et al., 2007). ...
Polyphosphate-ATP Amplification Technology: Principle and its
... Although ATP amplification is an interesting technology for detecting a single bacterial cell, but it can never inform us which bacteria contaminate a reaction mixture. Therefore, to adapt this technology to the detection of specific bacteria, we have combined it with the use of immunomagnetic beads ...
... Although ATP amplification is an interesting technology for detecting a single bacterial cell, but it can never inform us which bacteria contaminate a reaction mixture. Therefore, to adapt this technology to the detection of specific bacteria, we have combined it with the use of immunomagnetic beads ...
Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B
... signal is transduced in cells is clearly critical to elucidating the cellular processes leading to disease. In the past, the actions of cyclic AMP in most cells were thought to be manifest by protein phosphorylation events catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) (Engh and Bossemeyer, ...
... signal is transduced in cells is clearly critical to elucidating the cellular processes leading to disease. In the past, the actions of cyclic AMP in most cells were thought to be manifest by protein phosphorylation events catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) (Engh and Bossemeyer, ...
A new type of plant chitinase containing LysM domains from a fern
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
AA-tRNA - Studentportalen
... Translation initiation in eukaryotes: four major stages of initiation. Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a relatively well understood despite a large number of factors participating in it. Four Main Stages of Initiation: I.) 43S complex includes 40S ribosomal subunit plus initiation factors e ...
... Translation initiation in eukaryotes: four major stages of initiation. Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a relatively well understood despite a large number of factors participating in it. Four Main Stages of Initiation: I.) 43S complex includes 40S ribosomal subunit plus initiation factors e ...
Biogenesis of proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space
... (MTSs), as they direct proteins into the matrix in the absence of further sorting information. The N-terminal presequences usually consist of about 10-80 amino acids that form amphipathic α-helices enriched in positively charged, hydroxylated and hydrophobic residues (Von Heijne 1986; Roise and Scha ...
... (MTSs), as they direct proteins into the matrix in the absence of further sorting information. The N-terminal presequences usually consist of about 10-80 amino acids that form amphipathic α-helices enriched in positively charged, hydroxylated and hydrophobic residues (Von Heijne 1986; Roise and Scha ...
(pdf-file 1,2 Mb)
... and the structure of the beak region of the 40S subunit are reorganized. Our data indicate that the beak RNA remains flexible while Rps3 is not tightly integrated into the 40S subunit. Hrr25-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent dephosphorylation are required for Rps3 to achieve its final associa ...
... and the structure of the beak region of the 40S subunit are reorganized. Our data indicate that the beak RNA remains flexible while Rps3 is not tightly integrated into the 40S subunit. Hrr25-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent dephosphorylation are required for Rps3 to achieve its final associa ...
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
... contact sites was first proposed by Hackenbrock 1968. In this study, isolated mitochondria were diluted into a buffer of high osmolarity, which leads to the extrusion of water and shrinking of the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Electron microscopy images showed that, under these conditions, the i ...
... contact sites was first proposed by Hackenbrock 1968. In this study, isolated mitochondria were diluted into a buffer of high osmolarity, which leads to the extrusion of water and shrinking of the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Electron microscopy images showed that, under these conditions, the i ...
Coagulation
... Generation of thrombin and formation of clot • The tissue factor and contact activation pathways both activate the "final common pathway" through factor X, thrombin and fibrin. • Activated Factor X (FXa), in the presence of factor V (FVa), calcium and platelet phospholipid ("prothrombinase complex") ...
... Generation of thrombin and formation of clot • The tissue factor and contact activation pathways both activate the "final common pathway" through factor X, thrombin and fibrin. • Activated Factor X (FXa), in the presence of factor V (FVa), calcium and platelet phospholipid ("prothrombinase complex") ...
1-Syntrophin Mutations Identified in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
... Macroscopic voltage-gated INa was measured 48 hours after transfection with the standard whole-cell patch clamp method at 21°C to 23°C in the HEK293 cells. The extracellular (bath) solution contained the following (in mM): NaCl 140, KCl 4, CaCl2 1.8, MgCl2 0.75, and HEPES 5 and was adjusted to pH 7. ...
... Macroscopic voltage-gated INa was measured 48 hours after transfection with the standard whole-cell patch clamp method at 21°C to 23°C in the HEK293 cells. The extracellular (bath) solution contained the following (in mM): NaCl 140, KCl 4, CaCl2 1.8, MgCl2 0.75, and HEPES 5 and was adjusted to pH 7. ...
THE DYNAMIN SUPERFAMILY: UNIVERSAL MEMBRANE
... thaliana ADL2 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P)30 and might, in fact, be a PH domain. Lipid binding does not exclude the possibility that this domain is also involved in protein–protein interactions. Given the absence of a PRD, recruitment to mitochondria probably occ ...
... thaliana ADL2 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P)30 and might, in fact, be a PH domain. Lipid binding does not exclude the possibility that this domain is also involved in protein–protein interactions. Given the absence of a PRD, recruitment to mitochondria probably occ ...
Diapositive 1
... Figure S6. Caspases mediated cleavage of rodent Par-4, at residue D123, is required for its full proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A ...
... Figure S6. Caspases mediated cleavage of rodent Par-4, at residue D123, is required for its full proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A ...
Proteomic Approach to Identify Novel
... physiological studies in plants (for review, see Thiellement et al., 1999). Most proteomic studies are based on the resolution of protein mixtures by twodimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and subsequent identification of the resolved proteins by protein sequencing or mass spectrometry. However, th ...
... physiological studies in plants (for review, see Thiellement et al., 1999). Most proteomic studies are based on the resolution of protein mixtures by twodimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and subsequent identification of the resolved proteins by protein sequencing or mass spectrometry. However, th ...
Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... domain in DGKy has been shown to bind weakly and nonselectively to phosphatidylinositols [33]. Type II DGKs also have sterile alpha motifs (SAM domain) at their carboxy termini. Nagaya et al. [21] demonstrated that the SAM domain of DGKy helped localize it to the endoplasmic reticulum, and this doma ...
... domain in DGKy has been shown to bind weakly and nonselectively to phosphatidylinositols [33]. Type II DGKs also have sterile alpha motifs (SAM domain) at their carboxy termini. Nagaya et al. [21] demonstrated that the SAM domain of DGKy helped localize it to the endoplasmic reticulum, and this doma ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Protein-protein interactions can protect p53 protein against ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome pathway action The second proposed mechanism is by formation of protein-protein complexes: protein-protein interactions can protect intrinsically unstructured proteins against 20S proteasomal action [42 ...
... Protein-protein interactions can protect p53 protein against ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome pathway action The second proposed mechanism is by formation of protein-protein complexes: protein-protein interactions can protect intrinsically unstructured proteins against 20S proteasomal action [42 ...
FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein associates
... Fig. 3. Analysis of FRAP immune-complex and localization of FRAP by subcellular fractionation studies. (A) Identification of components of PDH complex in FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes ...
... Fig. 3. Analysis of FRAP immune-complex and localization of FRAP by subcellular fractionation studies. (A) Identification of components of PDH complex in FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes ...
Cbp3–Cbp6 interacts with the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal tunnel
... as a docking site for a variety of biogenesis factors. This is well documented in bacteria (Kramer et al., 2009). The interactors of the tunnel exit of bacterial ribosomes can be classified into three different groups, namely (1) processing enzymes like ...
... as a docking site for a variety of biogenesis factors. This is well documented in bacteria (Kramer et al., 2009). The interactors of the tunnel exit of bacterial ribosomes can be classified into three different groups, namely (1) processing enzymes like ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson`s disease
... DJ-1 is another PD gene which missense or deletion mutations are associated with autosomal recessive PD [82]. DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular functions [83], including transcriptional regulation ...
... DJ-1 is another PD gene which missense or deletion mutations are associated with autosomal recessive PD [82]. DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular functions [83], including transcriptional regulation ...
Electron microscopy in structural studies of Photosystem II
... are differentiated into stacked (appressed) and unstacked (unapressed) regions. The unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas the stacked regions form grana membranes. Unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas stacked regions form grana membranes. Grana membranes are approximat ...
... are differentiated into stacked (appressed) and unstacked (unapressed) regions. The unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas the stacked regions form grana membranes. Unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas stacked regions form grana membranes. Grana membranes are approximat ...
Molecular dynamics of serpins
... • It is a family of proteins characterised by a common molecular architecture • Most of the serpins are serine protease inhibitors, but some of them have other functions • Today, more than 500 serpins have been identified in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses ...
... • It is a family of proteins characterised by a common molecular architecture • Most of the serpins are serine protease inhibitors, but some of them have other functions • Today, more than 500 serpins have been identified in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses ...
The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and
... The apparent role of the UPP in muscle growth and integrity suggests that proteasome-mediated protein degradation may be important during exercise. Indeed, acute bouts of resistance exercise have been shown to increase both protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle [92]. Moreover, numerous ...
... The apparent role of the UPP in muscle growth and integrity suggests that proteasome-mediated protein degradation may be important during exercise. Indeed, acute bouts of resistance exercise have been shown to increase both protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle [92]. Moreover, numerous ...
PDF - Hormones.gr
... process is that the lysosomal membrane itself either invaginates or exvaginates to engulf an organelle. Unlike macroautophagy, there is no sequestering doublemembrane formed in the cytoplasm.22 Pexophagy23 and Mitophagy24 involve the selective sequestration or engulfment of peroxisomes and mitochond ...
... process is that the lysosomal membrane itself either invaginates or exvaginates to engulf an organelle. Unlike macroautophagy, there is no sequestering doublemembrane formed in the cytoplasm.22 Pexophagy23 and Mitophagy24 involve the selective sequestration or engulfment of peroxisomes and mitochond ...
Possible Mechanism of Hepatocyte Injury Induced by
... these compounds induce mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. Diphenylamine also caused changes in safraninebinding spectra to mitochondria that was energized by succinate oxidation. This spectral shift indicates the loss of ...
... these compounds induce mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. Diphenylamine also caused changes in safraninebinding spectra to mitochondria that was energized by succinate oxidation. This spectral shift indicates the loss of ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms - IMBB
... stress and accumulate a higher level of oxidized proteins because of a lower degradation rate. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a role in eliminating damaged proteins during oxidative stress.21 Physiological levels of autophagy promote optimal survival of C. elegans during starvation, whe ...
... stress and accumulate a higher level of oxidized proteins because of a lower degradation rate. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a role in eliminating damaged proteins during oxidative stress.21 Physiological levels of autophagy promote optimal survival of C. elegans during starvation, whe ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms
... stress and accumulate a higher level of oxidized proteins because of a lower degradation rate. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a role in eliminating damaged proteins during oxidative stress.21 Physiological levels of autophagy promote optimal survival of C. elegans during starvation, whe ...
... stress and accumulate a higher level of oxidized proteins because of a lower degradation rate. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a role in eliminating damaged proteins during oxidative stress.21 Physiological levels of autophagy promote optimal survival of C. elegans during starvation, whe ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.