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... predicted from structural analysis of the Ad5 knob, but rather were located at the interface between adjacent knob monomers (Figure 2B). All 3 receptor binding sites were fully saturated with CAR D 1 molecules in the Adl 2 knob-CAR D 1 crystal structure, indicating that individual fibers on the viru ...
... predicted from structural analysis of the Ad5 knob, but rather were located at the interface between adjacent knob monomers (Figure 2B). All 3 receptor binding sites were fully saturated with CAR D 1 molecules in the Adl 2 knob-CAR D 1 crystal structure, indicating that individual fibers on the viru ...
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... One of the first morphological features to be observed during the cell cycle is the transition through G1, and the nucleation of a subset of four microtubules that originate near the basal bodies, (please refer to “4MT” below), followed by the maturation of the immature basal body. Basal body growth ...
... One of the first morphological features to be observed during the cell cycle is the transition through G1, and the nucleation of a subset of four microtubules that originate near the basal bodies, (please refer to “4MT” below), followed by the maturation of the immature basal body. Basal body growth ...
The Sec61p Complex Mediates the Integration of a Membrane
... see Matlack et al., 1998). In the case of a signal sequence, the hydrophobic segment binds in an NcytClum (cyt, cytosol; lum, lumenal) orientation to a specific site at the interface between the channel and lipid formed by both the Sec61p complex and the TRAM protein, another component of the transl ...
... see Matlack et al., 1998). In the case of a signal sequence, the hydrophobic segment binds in an NcytClum (cyt, cytosol; lum, lumenal) orientation to a specific site at the interface between the channel and lipid formed by both the Sec61p complex and the TRAM protein, another component of the transl ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
... because these cells no longer undergo tip growth, resulting in the inability to reach the appropriate size for cell division. Simultaneous knock down of all formin genes results in lethality, as evidenced by regions in the plants that exhibit a loss of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fig. S1 D), an indica ...
... because these cells no longer undergo tip growth, resulting in the inability to reach the appropriate size for cell division. Simultaneous knock down of all formin genes results in lethality, as evidenced by regions in the plants that exhibit a loss of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fig. S1 D), an indica ...
The HSP90-SGT1 Chaperone Complex for NLR
... NACHT domains have ATPase activity and are thought to function as a switch for conformational changes (59, 116). Indeed, the crystal structure of the NB-ARC domain from APAF-1 reveals that the ADP-bound form is in a closed conformation and locks APAF-1 in an inactive state (91). The structural config ...
... NACHT domains have ATPase activity and are thought to function as a switch for conformational changes (59, 116). Indeed, the crystal structure of the NB-ARC domain from APAF-1 reveals that the ADP-bound form is in a closed conformation and locks APAF-1 in an inactive state (91). The structural config ...
The Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in
... harboring enzymatic activities (Galperin, 2006; Gao et al., 2007). Although, as noted, at least 10 distinct effector domains have been identified. In addition, many response regulators, such as the chemotaxis regulatOr CheY, have only a receiver domain and use conformational changes in this domain a ...
... harboring enzymatic activities (Galperin, 2006; Gao et al., 2007). Although, as noted, at least 10 distinct effector domains have been identified. In addition, many response regulators, such as the chemotaxis regulatOr CheY, have only a receiver domain and use conformational changes in this domain a ...
Phenoloxidase Specific Activity in the Red Swamp Crayfish
... zymosan A. This activation was calcium ion dependent. The calcium ion concentration also a#ected the background activation of the system and at 5 mM was highest as measured by the ability of phenoloxidase to oxidise L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. The e#ect of calcium ions appears to be related to the ...
... zymosan A. This activation was calcium ion dependent. The calcium ion concentration also a#ected the background activation of the system and at 5 mM was highest as measured by the ability of phenoloxidase to oxidise L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. The e#ect of calcium ions appears to be related to the ...
Specific amino acids in the BAR domain allow homodimerization
... demonstrate that the homodimerization of SNX33 requires the intact BAR domain, but not the SH3 domain. Dimerization of BAR domains generates the crescent-shaped structure, which is required for the membrane-binding and -tubulating activity of BAR domains [4]. Having found that the BARH3 deletion mu ...
... demonstrate that the homodimerization of SNX33 requires the intact BAR domain, but not the SH3 domain. Dimerization of BAR domains generates the crescent-shaped structure, which is required for the membrane-binding and -tubulating activity of BAR domains [4]. Having found that the BARH3 deletion mu ...
The proposed channel-enzyme transient receptor potential
... The Nudix box of NUDT9H does not support ADPR hydrolase activity The solubility and relative stability of mitochondrial NUDT9 and three of our chimeric constructs (Chi2, 3S, 4S) allowed purification of milligram amounts of these recombinant proteins to reasonable homogeneity (Figure 3—figure supplem ...
... The Nudix box of NUDT9H does not support ADPR hydrolase activity The solubility and relative stability of mitochondrial NUDT9 and three of our chimeric constructs (Chi2, 3S, 4S) allowed purification of milligram amounts of these recombinant proteins to reasonable homogeneity (Figure 3—figure supplem ...
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... balance between mitochondrial fusion and division in different cell contexts. For example, mitochondria break into smaller pieces early in programmed cell death (apoptosis). This event is triggered by up-regulation of Drp1/Dnm1 and down-regulation of mitofusins. Later in apoptosis, altered OPA1/Mgm1 ...
... balance between mitochondrial fusion and division in different cell contexts. For example, mitochondria break into smaller pieces early in programmed cell death (apoptosis). This event is triggered by up-regulation of Drp1/Dnm1 and down-regulation of mitofusins. Later in apoptosis, altered OPA1/Mgm1 ...
Calcium, a signaling molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum?
... free [Ca21]ER in agonist-stimulated cells might regulate interactions between certain chaperones via Ca21 binding to calreticulin. In addition to these effects, it is likely that the function of other chaperones in the lumen of the ER is sensitive to fluctuations in free [Ca21]ER. For example, at lo ...
... free [Ca21]ER in agonist-stimulated cells might regulate interactions between certain chaperones via Ca21 binding to calreticulin. In addition to these effects, it is likely that the function of other chaperones in the lumen of the ER is sensitive to fluctuations in free [Ca21]ER. For example, at lo ...
Induction of Apoptosis through B-cell Receptor Cross-linking
... apoptosis (12–15). Ceramide can be generated through different metabolic routes in the cell (16). The stress-induced metabolic conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) into ceramide by the enzyme SMase has been described extensively in response to various treatments of cells such as tumor necrosis factor-␣, ...
... apoptosis (12–15). Ceramide can be generated through different metabolic routes in the cell (16). The stress-induced metabolic conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) into ceramide by the enzyme SMase has been described extensively in response to various treatments of cells such as tumor necrosis factor-␣, ...
Title Molecular Pathways: The Role of Primary Cilia in Cancer
... mutant primary cilia (29, 30). As expected, the mice with active Smo and wild type cilia developed basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas and those with active Smo but mutant cilia did not develop tumors. As described above, the mammalian Hh pathway requires cilia for Smo-dependent activation of ...
... mutant primary cilia (29, 30). As expected, the mice with active Smo and wild type cilia developed basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas and those with active Smo but mutant cilia did not develop tumors. As described above, the mammalian Hh pathway requires cilia for Smo-dependent activation of ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
The Importance of Cell Motility
... actin, alpha-actinin, calmodulin and myosin. Fesselin binds to F-actin with moderate affinity (2000000/M) and bundles actin filaments. Dr. Brent Beall later observed that fesselin also binds to G-actin and stimulates actin polymerization. Dr. Mechthild Schroeter discovered that Ca++-calmodulin rever ...
... actin, alpha-actinin, calmodulin and myosin. Fesselin binds to F-actin with moderate affinity (2000000/M) and bundles actin filaments. Dr. Brent Beall later observed that fesselin also binds to G-actin and stimulates actin polymerization. Dr. Mechthild Schroeter discovered that Ca++-calmodulin rever ...
Pathogenesis of lung cancer signalling pathways: roadmap for therapies SERIES ‘‘LUNG CANCER’’
... different compartments in the lung: SCLC and SCC and some (20%) ADC arise in the central compartment of conducting bronchial airways from a putative stem cell, the basal bronchial cell. This candidate stem cell is capable of differentiation towards either ciliated or mucous cells, which can give ris ...
... different compartments in the lung: SCLC and SCC and some (20%) ADC arise in the central compartment of conducting bronchial airways from a putative stem cell, the basal bronchial cell. This candidate stem cell is capable of differentiation towards either ciliated or mucous cells, which can give ris ...
A New Subunit of Cytochrome b6f Complex Undergoes Reversible
... had been proposed to associate with the rest of the cytb6f subunits in C. reinhardtii, based on its presence in cytb6fenriched fractions and its absence or low representation in cytb6f-deficient mutants (21). We report here the biochemical, molecular, and topological characterization of suV, encoded ...
... had been proposed to associate with the rest of the cytb6f subunits in C. reinhardtii, based on its presence in cytb6fenriched fractions and its absence or low representation in cytb6f-deficient mutants (21). We report here the biochemical, molecular, and topological characterization of suV, encoded ...
A Ligand for CD5 Is CD5 - The Journal of Immunology
... Two receptors expressed primarily on T cells, CD5 and CD6, are linked genetically and are structurally similar, both containing three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains in their extracellular regions. A specific cell surface interaction for CD5 has been difficult to define at the molecular lev ...
... Two receptors expressed primarily on T cells, CD5 and CD6, are linked genetically and are structurally similar, both containing three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains in their extracellular regions. A specific cell surface interaction for CD5 has been difficult to define at the molecular lev ...
Peroxisome degradation requires catalytically active sterol
... membrane association of Ugt51 (Figure 5), suggesting membrane association of Ugt51 is dependent upon the combined action of the three domains, or that another unidenti®ed region is required for membrane association. Since the fusion proteins tested here were expressed under the control of the AOX1 p ...
... membrane association of Ugt51 (Figure 5), suggesting membrane association of Ugt51 is dependent upon the combined action of the three domains, or that another unidenti®ed region is required for membrane association. Since the fusion proteins tested here were expressed under the control of the AOX1 p ...
The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to
... of the SPB plays an important role in tethering the organelle to the nuclear envelope. Associated with one side of the core SPB is an electron-dense region of the nuclear envelope termed the half-bridge, which is important for SPB duplication as well as for microtubule nucleation during G1 (Byers an ...
... of the SPB plays an important role in tethering the organelle to the nuclear envelope. Associated with one side of the core SPB is an electron-dense region of the nuclear envelope termed the half-bridge, which is important for SPB duplication as well as for microtubule nucleation during G1 (Byers an ...
REVIEWS
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
the cortical rotation, the wnt pathway
... ameliorated by overexpression of the wingless ligand. Dally facilitates binding of Wnt to the Fz/LRP-6 co-receptor by recruiting Wnt ligand. 5) dishevelled, a protein containing Dlx and PDZ protein interaction domains, that in some way inhibits GSK-3 function. After Wnt signaling Dishevelled becomes ...
... ameliorated by overexpression of the wingless ligand. Dally facilitates binding of Wnt to the Fz/LRP-6 co-receptor by recruiting Wnt ligand. 5) dishevelled, a protein containing Dlx and PDZ protein interaction domains, that in some way inhibits GSK-3 function. After Wnt signaling Dishevelled becomes ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and superoxide production. In the absence of UCP2, endothelial growth stimulation provoked mitochondrial network fragmentation and premature senescence via a mechanism involving superoxide-mediated p53 activation. Mitochondrial network fragmentation was both nec ...
... mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and superoxide production. In the absence of UCP2, endothelial growth stimulation provoked mitochondrial network fragmentation and premature senescence via a mechanism involving superoxide-mediated p53 activation. Mitochondrial network fragmentation was both nec ...
Twins take the job
... reported to be present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Brouwer et al, 2001; van Dijk et al, 2007), whereas DIS3 was not found in exosome preparations (Chen et al, 2001). Tomecki et al (2010) and Staals et al (2010) now report that the genome from human beings and some other higher eukaryotes enco ...
... reported to be present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Brouwer et al, 2001; van Dijk et al, 2007), whereas DIS3 was not found in exosome preparations (Chen et al, 2001). Tomecki et al (2010) and Staals et al (2010) now report that the genome from human beings and some other higher eukaryotes enco ...
Mitochondrial health – essential information for nurses
... Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles in cells, and play essential roles in both survival and apoptosis of cells. They are the primary producers of ATP, which provides the essential energy for vital organs such as heart, brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscles [14]. Any alterations in mitochondri ...
... Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles in cells, and play essential roles in both survival and apoptosis of cells. They are the primary producers of ATP, which provides the essential energy for vital organs such as heart, brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscles [14]. Any alterations in mitochondri ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.