Import of ADP/ATP Carrier into Mitochondria: Two Receptors Act in
... teins in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and labeling with [35S]methionine (Pfaller et al., 1988); preincubation of mitochondria with IgGs (SOllner et al., 1989); binding to and import of precursor proteins into mitochondria in a buffer containing 250 mM sucrose, 3% (wt/vol) BSA, 80 mM KCI, 5 mM MgC12, ...
... teins in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and labeling with [35S]methionine (Pfaller et al., 1988); preincubation of mitochondria with IgGs (SOllner et al., 1989); binding to and import of precursor proteins into mitochondria in a buffer containing 250 mM sucrose, 3% (wt/vol) BSA, 80 mM KCI, 5 mM MgC12, ...
Implications for Cancer Biology
... and intracellular signals, such as nutrients. We discuss how mutations amplifying either type of signal can lead to tumor formation. In particular, we focus on the recent discovery that a tumor suppressor complex whose function is lost in tuberous sclerosis patients regulates the nutrient signal car ...
... and intracellular signals, such as nutrients. We discuss how mutations amplifying either type of signal can lead to tumor formation. In particular, we focus on the recent discovery that a tumor suppressor complex whose function is lost in tuberous sclerosis patients regulates the nutrient signal car ...
scf and cullin/ring h2-based
... activity (Verma et al 1997b). These data suggested that the role identified for these proteins in Sic1 turnover in vivo (Schneider et al 1996, Schwob et al 1994) was likely to be direct. Skowyra et al (1997) and Feldman et al (1997) next demonstrated that Cdc4, Cdc53, and ySkp1 expressed in insect c ...
... activity (Verma et al 1997b). These data suggested that the role identified for these proteins in Sic1 turnover in vivo (Schneider et al 1996, Schwob et al 1994) was likely to be direct. Skowyra et al (1997) and Feldman et al (1997) next demonstrated that Cdc4, Cdc53, and ySkp1 expressed in insect c ...
Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E
... SH2 domain sequence (S90-R188) revealed that the βC strand of the human TSAd SH2 domain (Figure 1) harbours a nine aa sequence (SAVTFVLTY) with near 100% propensity for intermolecular beta-sheet aggregation (Figure 3A). Similar results were obtained for the murine and rat sequences, whereas no beta- ...
... SH2 domain sequence (S90-R188) revealed that the βC strand of the human TSAd SH2 domain (Figure 1) harbours a nine aa sequence (SAVTFVLTY) with near 100% propensity for intermolecular beta-sheet aggregation (Figure 3A). Similar results were obtained for the murine and rat sequences, whereas no beta- ...
Fulllength archaeal Rad51 structure and
... Pyrococcus furiosus. The structure reveals how RAD51 proteins assemble into inactive heptameric rings and active DNA-bound ®laments matching three-dimensional electron microscopy reconstructions. A polymerization motif (RAD51-PM) tethers individual subunits together to form assemblies. Subunit inter ...
... Pyrococcus furiosus. The structure reveals how RAD51 proteins assemble into inactive heptameric rings and active DNA-bound ®laments matching three-dimensional electron microscopy reconstructions. A polymerization motif (RAD51-PM) tethers individual subunits together to form assemblies. Subunit inter ...
NF-kB as a primary regulator of the stress response
... NIK or MEKK-1 enhances the ability of the IKKs to phosphorylate IkB and activate the NF-kB pathway (Nakano et al., 1998; Yin et al., 1998). A recent study suggests that MEKK-2 and MEKK-3 are also capable of inducing NF-kB activity (Zhao and Lee, 1999). The exact role of NIK and the MEKKs in IKK acti ...
... NIK or MEKK-1 enhances the ability of the IKKs to phosphorylate IkB and activate the NF-kB pathway (Nakano et al., 1998; Yin et al., 1998). A recent study suggests that MEKK-2 and MEKK-3 are also capable of inducing NF-kB activity (Zhao and Lee, 1999). The exact role of NIK and the MEKKs in IKK acti ...
Nonhereditary p53 Mutations in T-cell Acute
... in the p53 gene. In all, these two groups studied 37 T-ALL diagnosis samples, all of which possessed only wild-type p53 alleles. Recently, we reported that T-ALL cell lines established in our laboratory from a patient sample taken at relapse possess the same p53 mutation found in the in vivo sample. ...
... in the p53 gene. In all, these two groups studied 37 T-ALL diagnosis samples, all of which possessed only wild-type p53 alleles. Recently, we reported that T-ALL cell lines established in our laboratory from a patient sample taken at relapse possess the same p53 mutation found in the in vivo sample. ...
PhD értekezés tézisei
... electron. Usually the biological system cannot be examined directly by EPR, because the system hasn’t unpaired electron or electrons, therefore we used the spin label technique. Spectroscopic probes are widely used in muscle research to obtain information about orientations and rotational motion of ...
... electron. Usually the biological system cannot be examined directly by EPR, because the system hasn’t unpaired electron or electrons, therefore we used the spin label technique. Spectroscopic probes are widely used in muscle research to obtain information about orientations and rotational motion of ...
Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link
... moesin in cultured cells that express both proteins (Bretscher et al., 1995; Gary and Bretscher, 1993). In baculovirus infected insect cells that overexpress ezrin, a massive accumulation of the protein occurs under the plasma membrane, also suggesting self-association under these circumstances (And ...
... moesin in cultured cells that express both proteins (Bretscher et al., 1995; Gary and Bretscher, 1993). In baculovirus infected insect cells that overexpress ezrin, a massive accumulation of the protein occurs under the plasma membrane, also suggesting self-association under these circumstances (And ...
Ouabain-Insensitive Na+-ATPase Activity in Trypanosoma cruzi
... ulated ATPase activity. To investigate the presence of this enzyme in T. cruzi epimastigotes CL14 clone and Y strain the parasites, previously treated with deoxycholate, were assayed for Na+-ATPase activity by determining the effect of 120 mM N a+ on the ATPase activity in the presence of 2 mM ouaba ...
... ulated ATPase activity. To investigate the presence of this enzyme in T. cruzi epimastigotes CL14 clone and Y strain the parasites, previously treated with deoxycholate, were assayed for Na+-ATPase activity by determining the effect of 120 mM N a+ on the ATPase activity in the presence of 2 mM ouaba ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... 1996b, 1999). KCBP is a minus-end directed MT motor (Song et al., 1997) and has two MT binding domains, one located at the C terminus and the second one located at the N terminus (Narasimhulu and Reddy, 1998). Unlike the MT binding domain in the C terminus, the N-terminal region of KCBP binds MTs bo ...
... 1996b, 1999). KCBP is a minus-end directed MT motor (Song et al., 1997) and has two MT binding domains, one located at the C terminus and the second one located at the N terminus (Narasimhulu and Reddy, 1998). Unlike the MT binding domain in the C terminus, the N-terminal region of KCBP binds MTs bo ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mammals
... Mammals have two homologs of Fzo, termed mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). These proteins are 80% similar to each other and are broadly expressed in a wide range of cell types (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel et al., 2003). Most studies have described a uniform localization of human Mfn1 and Mfn2 ...
... Mammals have two homologs of Fzo, termed mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). These proteins are 80% similar to each other and are broadly expressed in a wide range of cell types (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel et al., 2003). Most studies have described a uniform localization of human Mfn1 and Mfn2 ...
Gene Section BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1) in Oncology and Haematology
... BRCT domains (red), nulear localization signals (light blue). Homology between human and mouse BARD1 is indicated in perentage of identical amino acids for structural regions. ...
... BRCT domains (red), nulear localization signals (light blue). Homology between human and mouse BARD1 is indicated in perentage of identical amino acids for structural regions. ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic side of the membrane. NBD1 is either situated at the C-terminal end of one half transporter or is connecting TMD1 and TMD2 in the full transporter; alternatively the domain architectur ...
... TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic side of the membrane. NBD1 is either situated at the C-terminal end of one half transporter or is connecting TMD1 and TMD2 in the full transporter; alternatively the domain architectur ...
Golgi-SNARE GS28 potentiates cisplatin
... pathways. Mouse studies and clinical evidence suggest that p53 is required for efficient execution of the apoptosis in tumour cells, and that p53 mutations are associated with pleiotropic resistance to chemotherapy, therefore indicating that p53 represents a critical target of chemotherapeutic drugs ...
... pathways. Mouse studies and clinical evidence suggest that p53 is required for efficient execution of the apoptosis in tumour cells, and that p53 mutations are associated with pleiotropic resistance to chemotherapy, therefore indicating that p53 represents a critical target of chemotherapeutic drugs ...
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary
... more similar cascade of kinases (Cano and Mahadevan, 1995; Cobb and Goldsmith, 1995). However, there are many other potential downstream targets, including PI(3)K, p120GAP, raIGDS, PKCx and KSR, although their precise roles still need to be established (Marshall, Correspondence: B Wasylyk Received 2 ...
... more similar cascade of kinases (Cano and Mahadevan, 1995; Cobb and Goldsmith, 1995). However, there are many other potential downstream targets, including PI(3)K, p120GAP, raIGDS, PKCx and KSR, although their precise roles still need to be established (Marshall, Correspondence: B Wasylyk Received 2 ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.9) is assumed to be in equilibrium in the cytosol (Guynn et al., 1974; Veech et al., 1980). This low value would also imply a mitochondrial location for most of the PP1. In this paper we have extended our previous studies on the PPi content of freeze-clamped livers by s ...
... uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.9) is assumed to be in equilibrium in the cytosol (Guynn et al., 1974; Veech et al., 1980). This low value would also imply a mitochondrial location for most of the PP1. In this paper we have extended our previous studies on the PPi content of freeze-clamped livers by s ...
p53 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Repressed by a Dominant
... pressor pathway (4). In fact, in many other tumor types, mutations in followed by the template for small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression, p53 are associated with poor treatment outcome (5). This is not the designed according to the loop model described by Brummelkamp et al. (19). case for RCC, wh ...
... pressor pathway (4). In fact, in many other tumor types, mutations in followed by the template for small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression, p53 are associated with poor treatment outcome (5). This is not the designed according to the loop model described by Brummelkamp et al. (19). case for RCC, wh ...
Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
Glutamate Decreases Mitochondrial Size and Movement in Primary
... Mitochondrial size and movement In this study we have made use of mt-eYFP to label neuronal mitochondria. Using calcium phosphate we routinely obtained 1–2% transfection efficiency. With this efficiency the density of transfected cells was such that typically a single labeled cell was present per fi ...
... Mitochondrial size and movement In this study we have made use of mt-eYFP to label neuronal mitochondria. Using calcium phosphate we routinely obtained 1–2% transfection efficiency. With this efficiency the density of transfected cells was such that typically a single labeled cell was present per fi ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... physically and biochemically [25], as a critical part of the DNA damage response [26]. The physical binding of p53 TA1 domain to CBP C-terminus promotes acetylation of the p53 Cterminal lysine residues by CBP/p300. The acetylations of the lysine residues contribute to the p53 stabilization by disabl ...
... physically and biochemically [25], as a critical part of the DNA damage response [26]. The physical binding of p53 TA1 domain to CBP C-terminus promotes acetylation of the p53 Cterminal lysine residues by CBP/p300. The acetylations of the lysine residues contribute to the p53 stabilization by disabl ...
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
... Sam68 by the MAPKs Erk1/2 modulates processing of target mRNAs (Matter et al., 2002). Thus, Sam68 localization and function are regulated at the posttranslational level in multiple ways and this protein may represent a direct link between signaling events and control of expression of target genes. I ...
... Sam68 by the MAPKs Erk1/2 modulates processing of target mRNAs (Matter et al., 2002). Thus, Sam68 localization and function are regulated at the posttranslational level in multiple ways and this protein may represent a direct link between signaling events and control of expression of target genes. I ...
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1
... protocadherins, and a variety of cadherin-related molecules [2, 3]. E-cadherin is a type I cadherin found in epithelial tissues [2, 4, 5]. VE-cadherin is also found in endothelial cells and both Eand VE-cadherins are found in the microvessel endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier [6]. Ecadheri ...
... protocadherins, and a variety of cadherin-related molecules [2, 3]. E-cadherin is a type I cadherin found in epithelial tissues [2, 4, 5]. VE-cadherin is also found in endothelial cells and both Eand VE-cadherins are found in the microvessel endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier [6]. Ecadheri ...
Molecular evolution of the p53 network in reptiles
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics and the ER: The Plant Perspective
... A model for the mixing and unmixing of mitochondrial content was proposed, describing a separation of dysfunctional mitochondria from the pool of fusing mitochondria, and their targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is ...
... A model for the mixing and unmixing of mitochondrial content was proposed, describing a separation of dysfunctional mitochondria from the pool of fusing mitochondria, and their targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.