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Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... spatial scale aligns well with the spatial resolution achievable with non-invasive methods. More importantly, it is consistent with the well-known and anatomically traceable functional connections that spread laterally across the nongranular layers within a functionally defined cortical region. These ...
... spatial scale aligns well with the spatial resolution achievable with non-invasive methods. More importantly, it is consistent with the well-known and anatomically traceable functional connections that spread laterally across the nongranular layers within a functionally defined cortical region. These ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to id ...
... the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to id ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... monkeys of patterned visual stimuli from birth, using plastic ocular contacts that allowed for only diffuse light stimulation. Both 20- and 60-day-old visually deprived monkeys exhibited learned and untrained visual behaviours similar to those seen in newborn monkeys. Upon exposure to patterned visu ...
... monkeys of patterned visual stimuli from birth, using plastic ocular contacts that allowed for only diffuse light stimulation. Both 20- and 60-day-old visually deprived monkeys exhibited learned and untrained visual behaviours similar to those seen in newborn monkeys. Upon exposure to patterned visu ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... Five stimuli plus water were applied to the tongue during a recording session. Four were prototypes of the four basic tastes, each at a concentration determined from intensity-response functions in these same subjects (Scott et al., 1986b). These were 1.0 M glucose, 1.0 M NaCI, 0.01 M HCI, and 0.001 ...
... Five stimuli plus water were applied to the tongue during a recording session. Four were prototypes of the four basic tastes, each at a concentration determined from intensity-response functions in these same subjects (Scott et al., 1986b). These were 1.0 M glucose, 1.0 M NaCI, 0.01 M HCI, and 0.001 ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Power spectral density of the same recording shown in (C). Notice that there are 2 peaks in the power spectrum at 2 and 6 Hz. In this case, 6 Hz was taken as the primary frequency because the power was larger at this frequency. (E) Duration of the up states of the extracellularly recorded oscillatio ...
... Power spectral density of the same recording shown in (C). Notice that there are 2 peaks in the power spectrum at 2 and 6 Hz. In this case, 6 Hz was taken as the primary frequency because the power was larger at this frequency. (E) Duration of the up states of the extracellularly recorded oscillatio ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... cortex was counted at 400X magnification. The neurons with clear cell boundary and nucleus were only counted and cells with irregular shapes and that which stained darkly were excluded from quantification. A total of 15sections spaced 20 microns apart were selected for quantification. Number of neur ...
... cortex was counted at 400X magnification. The neurons with clear cell boundary and nucleus were only counted and cells with irregular shapes and that which stained darkly were excluded from quantification. A total of 15sections spaced 20 microns apart were selected for quantification. Number of neur ...
Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of
... that numerous genes, i.e., relaxin, interleukins and other cytokines and biologically active substances such as leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and Agouti protein are produced by porcine adipose tissue, which could have a profound effect on appetite and the reproductive axis. Hy ...
... that numerous genes, i.e., relaxin, interleukins and other cytokines and biologically active substances such as leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and Agouti protein are produced by porcine adipose tissue, which could have a profound effect on appetite and the reproductive axis. Hy ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... on a final visual recognition test, participants should be worse at discriminating inhibited pictures from similar lures, compared to their discrimination accuracy for baseline pictures (Fig. 1a). Our primary goal was to track the suppression of individual memories in visual and memory processing re ...
... on a final visual recognition test, participants should be worse at discriminating inhibited pictures from similar lures, compared to their discrimination accuracy for baseline pictures (Fig. 1a). Our primary goal was to track the suppression of individual memories in visual and memory processing re ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... understanding of the world) Ð to build up an overall representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental qu ...
... understanding of the world) Ð to build up an overall representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental qu ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... and in-field properties are determined by the behavioral state of the animal at the time of study (Mountcastle et al., 1981); they also vary with the parameters of the stimuli used to establish them. We define the relations between the frequency of discharge of PVNs and stimulus speed and emphasize ...
... and in-field properties are determined by the behavioral state of the animal at the time of study (Mountcastle et al., 1981); they also vary with the parameters of the stimuli used to establish them. We define the relations between the frequency of discharge of PVNs and stimulus speed and emphasize ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... hippocampus yields item and associative recognition deficits (31–34). However, an emerging body of data suggests that damage limited to the hippocampus may differentially impair contextual recollection relative to item familiarity, and thus recognition deficits are seen when recollection of contextu ...
... hippocampus yields item and associative recognition deficits (31–34). However, an emerging body of data suggests that damage limited to the hippocampus may differentially impair contextual recollection relative to item familiarity, and thus recognition deficits are seen when recollection of contextu ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... Neurons in the parietal cortex alter their activity preceding saccades in ways that seem remarkably related to the perceptual phenomenon. When a monkey is about to make a saccade, a neuron becomes less sensitive to the stimulus already present in its receptive field and begins to respond to the stim ...
... Neurons in the parietal cortex alter their activity preceding saccades in ways that seem remarkably related to the perceptual phenomenon. When a monkey is about to make a saccade, a neuron becomes less sensitive to the stimulus already present in its receptive field and begins to respond to the stim ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; Phillips et al. 1985b; Sally and Kelly 1988). Similar features are found throughout the le ...
... CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; Phillips et al. 1985b; Sally and Kelly 1988). Similar features are found throughout the le ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... movements. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a m ...
... movements. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a m ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatment on apical branch number and length (F(1, 28) = 6.76 and 10.38, respectively, P < 0.05; Fig. 3). Although the interactive effects of age and treatment were not significant (F(2, 28) = 0.96 and 2.52, respectively, ns), planned comparisons reveal ...
... two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatment on apical branch number and length (F(1, 28) = 6.76 and 10.38, respectively, P < 0.05; Fig. 3). Although the interactive effects of age and treatment were not significant (F(2, 28) = 0.96 and 2.52, respectively, ns), planned comparisons reveal ...
Document
... • Areas 21 and 22 are the auditory association areas. Both areas are divided into two parts; one half of each area lies on either side of area 42. Collec tively they can be called Wernicke's auditory area. – Involved in language processing to enable particular sequences of sound to be identified and ...
... • Areas 21 and 22 are the auditory association areas. Both areas are divided into two parts; one half of each area lies on either side of area 42. Collec tively they can be called Wernicke's auditory area. – Involved in language processing to enable particular sequences of sound to be identified and ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area under investigation. This areaʼs task-related influence on M1 ...
... of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area under investigation. This areaʼs task-related influence on M1 ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population. This examination is important for two reasons. First, it is intrinsically difficult to compare the contrastresponse functions of individual neurons with behavioral results because it is unclear how neural s ...
... The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population. This examination is important for two reasons. First, it is intrinsically difficult to compare the contrastresponse functions of individual neurons with behavioral results because it is unclear how neural s ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.