![Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006300792_1-bc22382777b4a68d1d92442504fb2a2f-300x300.png)
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) with a continuous input stream u(s), and looks at a later time t > s at the current internal state x(t) of the circu ...
... of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) with a continuous input stream u(s), and looks at a later time t > s at the current internal state x(t) of the circu ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... eardrums of cats as part of an earlier study (Musicant et al., 1990). In that study, a rectangular pulse (10 ms duration) was used to excite a free-field speaker, the direction of which was varied in a spherical coordinate system, and a set of free-field to eardrum transfer functions (FETFs) was obt ...
... eardrums of cats as part of an earlier study (Musicant et al., 1990). In that study, a rectangular pulse (10 ms duration) was used to excite a free-field speaker, the direction of which was varied in a spherical coordinate system, and a set of free-field to eardrum transfer functions (FETFs) was obt ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
download file
... convince his students that there are no real limits to what they can achieve. I want to thank all my colleagues in the lab, especially Pritesh Pandya and Navzer Engineer with whom I worked on many projects together during the first years in the lab. We’ve developed a special bond as we went through ...
... convince his students that there are no real limits to what they can achieve. I want to thank all my colleagues in the lab, especially Pritesh Pandya and Navzer Engineer with whom I worked on many projects together during the first years in the lab. We’ve developed a special bond as we went through ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... that the activity of other group of neurons in a cross-talk way of communication [25]. The fading out of consciousness during Non-REM sleep episodes at the beginning of the night, is evidenced by unawareness or blank reports of cognitive activity upon awakening [26, 27]. That could be associated wit ...
... that the activity of other group of neurons in a cross-talk way of communication [25]. The fading out of consciousness during Non-REM sleep episodes at the beginning of the night, is evidenced by unawareness or blank reports of cognitive activity upon awakening [26, 27]. That could be associated wit ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... the color-monitoring task to keep subjects alert. The point-lights were presented only in white, green, or yellow, and the task was “green or not.” The green and yellow colors were similar enough that sustained attention was required to avoid false alarms. This task was chosen because performance do ...
... the color-monitoring task to keep subjects alert. The point-lights were presented only in white, green, or yellow, and the task was “green or not.” The green and yellow colors were similar enough that sustained attention was required to avoid false alarms. This task was chosen because performance do ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... reflex has occurred after the action takes place. While complex reflexes involve additional interneurons and motor neurons, they still don’t require brain function for the action to occur. The brain is not directly engaged in low level associations that reflexes fall under, but only high level assoc ...
... reflex has occurred after the action takes place. While complex reflexes involve additional interneurons and motor neurons, they still don’t require brain function for the action to occur. The brain is not directly engaged in low level associations that reflexes fall under, but only high level assoc ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... Most of the physiological and behavioral effects of cannabinoids appear to be mediated by the CB1 receptor (Zimmer and others 1999), which is highly expressed and widely distributed in the brain (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997). In particular, high levels o ...
... Most of the physiological and behavioral effects of cannabinoids appear to be mediated by the CB1 receptor (Zimmer and others 1999), which is highly expressed and widely distributed in the brain (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997). In particular, high levels o ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... parietal lobule and the parietal operculum (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008). We have limited the definition of PL seizures to seizures originating from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), as previously proposed (Salanova et al., 1995). We have also included seizures from the parietal operculum. The PPC co ...
... parietal lobule and the parietal operculum (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008). We have limited the definition of PL seizures to seizures originating from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), as previously proposed (Salanova et al., 1995). We have also included seizures from the parietal operculum. The PPC co ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... Indistinguishable Visual Responses. PLoS ONE 10 ...
... Indistinguishable Visual Responses. PLoS ONE 10 ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... information. While most computational neuroscientists assume that neural systems perform computations (canonical or otherwise), and so go beyond what many other computational scientists assume about the phenomena they investigate when building computational models (e.g., computational climate scient ...
... information. While most computational neuroscientists assume that neural systems perform computations (canonical or otherwise), and so go beyond what many other computational scientists assume about the phenomena they investigate when building computational models (e.g., computational climate scient ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... opposite for the other one. The monkeys were required to make a saccade to the correct target no later than 300 ms after the onset of targets and keep their gaze within 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window on saccade point for 150 ms. The eye position was monitored using an infra-red eye-tracking system. Whenever, th ...
... opposite for the other one. The monkeys were required to make a saccade to the correct target no later than 300 ms after the onset of targets and keep their gaze within 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window on saccade point for 150 ms. The eye position was monitored using an infra-red eye-tracking system. Whenever, th ...
Functional segregation of the temporal lobes into highly
... 2001, for an overview about this topic and further references). Binder and coworkers (Binder et al., 1999) demonstrated, for example, the existence of ongoing conceptual processing during conscious, resting states, which could only be interrupted by an explicit task performance, a difficult task whe ...
... 2001, for an overview about this topic and further references). Binder and coworkers (Binder et al., 1999) demonstrated, for example, the existence of ongoing conceptual processing during conscious, resting states, which could only be interrupted by an explicit task performance, a difficult task whe ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... Maps are a mainstay of visual, somatosensory, and motor coding in many species. However, auditory maps of space have not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly propor ...
... Maps are a mainstay of visual, somatosensory, and motor coding in many species. However, auditory maps of space have not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly propor ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... analyses measured total (rat þ human) and rat-only a-syn mRNA levels. Data are shown from (i) the MO of control rats (black bars, n ¼ 6), (ii) the left (AAVinjected side) MO of low expressor animals (gray bars, n ¼ 4), (iii) the left (AAV-injected side) MO of high expressor rats (red bars, n ¼ 10), ...
... analyses measured total (rat þ human) and rat-only a-syn mRNA levels. Data are shown from (i) the MO of control rats (black bars, n ¼ 6), (ii) the left (AAVinjected side) MO of low expressor animals (gray bars, n ¼ 4), (iii) the left (AAV-injected side) MO of high expressor rats (red bars, n ¼ 10), ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... and briskly in every trial. Neurons in RQ category 2 show some response variability from trial to trial, but their receptive fields are still easily defined with hand mapping. Cells assigned to RQ category 1 respond only sluggishly to light, do not respond in every trial, and often require computer ...
... and briskly in every trial. Neurons in RQ category 2 show some response variability from trial to trial, but their receptive fields are still easily defined with hand mapping. Cells assigned to RQ category 1 respond only sluggishly to light, do not respond in every trial, and often require computer ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... which originate from the ventral brain, in the VZ and SVZ of the medial (MGE), lateral (LGE) and caudal (CGE) ganglionic eminences [3,10,18]. In addition, recent work has shown that roughly 10% of cortical interneurons originate from the Preoptic area (POA) and migrate long distances to reach the co ...
... which originate from the ventral brain, in the VZ and SVZ of the medial (MGE), lateral (LGE) and caudal (CGE) ganglionic eminences [3,10,18]. In addition, recent work has shown that roughly 10% of cortical interneurons originate from the Preoptic area (POA) and migrate long distances to reach the co ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.