Natural (Innate) Immunity
... Historical background 1798, Jenner Cowpox vaccines, induced immunity against smallpox 1885, Louis Pasteur Vaccine against rabies • Other used Inactivated diphtheria toxins as a vaccine against diphtheria (the protective effect were found to be in the serum) • Serum factor called Antibody ...
... Historical background 1798, Jenner Cowpox vaccines, induced immunity against smallpox 1885, Louis Pasteur Vaccine against rabies • Other used Inactivated diphtheria toxins as a vaccine against diphtheria (the protective effect were found to be in the serum) • Serum factor called Antibody ...
Immunology --- prevention and treatment of infectious diseases
... •Loreen Willenberg (bottom right) for 20 years, •Doug Robinson (bottom left) learned he was HIV-positive in 2003. ...
... •Loreen Willenberg (bottom right) for 20 years, •Doug Robinson (bottom left) learned he was HIV-positive in 2003. ...
Course Code Course Title ECTS Credits PHAR
... Important mechanisms of the immune system are involved in autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, transplantation, allergy and vaccination. In addition, many drugs act either as immunosuppressants or immunomodulators, it is therefore crucial for the Pharmacy students to have a general but good kno ...
... Important mechanisms of the immune system are involved in autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, transplantation, allergy and vaccination. In addition, many drugs act either as immunosuppressants or immunomodulators, it is therefore crucial for the Pharmacy students to have a general but good kno ...
11.1 HL Immune System
... and activation of helper T-cells lead into activation of B-cells which divide to form clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells. 11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment. Detection of antibodies to HIV is one example in diag ...
... and activation of helper T-cells lead into activation of B-cells which divide to form clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells. 11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment. Detection of antibodies to HIV is one example in diag ...
MALARIAL VACCINES
... Eg:PfEMP1, Circumsporozoite Ag Combine antigens from different stages Combine several Antigens from a single ...
... Eg:PfEMP1, Circumsporozoite Ag Combine antigens from different stages Combine several Antigens from a single ...
The Immune system - Locust Trace Veterinary Assistant Program
... • Epinephrine counteracts physiologic effects of histamine. • Must be given quickly! ...
... • Epinephrine counteracts physiologic effects of histamine. • Must be given quickly! ...
2.11.15 - WordPress.com
... booster vaccination to maintain protective immunity. Thus, a single dose of the smallpox vaccine maintains serum antibody titers for more than 50 years and cellular immunity is also maintained for decades. ...
... booster vaccination to maintain protective immunity. Thus, a single dose of the smallpox vaccine maintains serum antibody titers for more than 50 years and cellular immunity is also maintained for decades. ...
Acquired Immunity
... I- Passive acquired immunity: the transmission of preformed antibodies and lymphocytes into host cells. Can be divided into ; a-Naturally passive acquired immunity : This immunity only lasts for a short period of time. for example :Antibodies are passed through placenta to the fetus and : Breastfeed ...
... I- Passive acquired immunity: the transmission of preformed antibodies and lymphocytes into host cells. Can be divided into ; a-Naturally passive acquired immunity : This immunity only lasts for a short period of time. for example :Antibodies are passed through placenta to the fetus and : Breastfeed ...
Revised Higher Human FH2N 12 Immunology and Public Health
... If a large percentage of a population are immunised, nonimmune individuals are protected as there is a lower probability that they will come into contact with infected individuals. This herd immunity is important in reducing the spread of diseases and in protecting vulnerable and the non-vaccina ...
... If a large percentage of a population are immunised, nonimmune individuals are protected as there is a lower probability that they will come into contact with infected individuals. This herd immunity is important in reducing the spread of diseases and in protecting vulnerable and the non-vaccina ...
Immune System Definition
... • Antibody production by immune cells • Antibodies are made in response to an antigen (foreign proteins) found on a foreign substance or invading organism • T (from thymus) and B (from bone marrow) cells involved in antibody production • Certain T cells activate some B cells to produce antibodies • ...
... • Antibody production by immune cells • Antibodies are made in response to an antigen (foreign proteins) found on a foreign substance or invading organism • T (from thymus) and B (from bone marrow) cells involved in antibody production • Certain T cells activate some B cells to produce antibodies • ...
Preparation of Vaccines
... microbes or microbial antigens – Genes for microbial antigens are inserted into a plasmid vector and are cloned in appropriate hosts. – The resultant protein product is used to provoke immune system. ...
... microbes or microbial antigens – Genes for microbial antigens are inserted into a plasmid vector and are cloned in appropriate hosts. – The resultant protein product is used to provoke immune system. ...
File - Westside High School Science Portal
... a virus and inhibits the viruses' ability to infect cells. Unlike antibodies, interferon works against all viruses, not just one. There are two kinds of immunity: active and passive. In active immunity, the body develops its own resistance to disease. For example, once you've had measles your body d ...
... a virus and inhibits the viruses' ability to infect cells. Unlike antibodies, interferon works against all viruses, not just one. There are two kinds of immunity: active and passive. In active immunity, the body develops its own resistance to disease. For example, once you've had measles your body d ...
Bacteria vs. Viruses
... Responses 1. The second time you are infected by a pathogen (foreign invader), your immune system works faster to fight it. WHY? ...
... Responses 1. The second time you are infected by a pathogen (foreign invader), your immune system works faster to fight it. WHY? ...
Study Guide For Immune System Test, Chapter 40
... 1. What are the functions of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages? 2. What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? 3. How does acquired immunity work in a natural way (chicken pox) and when a vaccine is used (polio)? 4. What is the difference between a virus cell and a bacteri ...
... 1. What are the functions of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages? 2. What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? 3. How does acquired immunity work in a natural way (chicken pox) and when a vaccine is used (polio)? 4. What is the difference between a virus cell and a bacteri ...
Immune System
... • Self Molecules- components of an organism’s body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Autoimmunity- immune reaction against self molecules • Non-self Molecules- recognized as foreign molecules Ex: Antigen (short for antibody generators) Immune System: Responsible ...
... • Self Molecules- components of an organism’s body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Autoimmunity- immune reaction against self molecules • Non-self Molecules- recognized as foreign molecules Ex: Antigen (short for antibody generators) Immune System: Responsible ...
Defense against disease, immune response
... Disease – Terminology 1 Infection - growth of organism within body of host Chronic disease - long-term infection Acute disease - infection occurs suddenly, is short term Parasite - organism living on or in another organism, gains benefit, provides nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier - pers ...
... Disease – Terminology 1 Infection - growth of organism within body of host Chronic disease - long-term infection Acute disease - infection occurs suddenly, is short term Parasite - organism living on or in another organism, gains benefit, provides nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier - pers ...
IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZATION
... These terms are often used interchangeably. Vaccination and vaccine derive from vaccinia, the virus once used as smallpox vaccine. Thus, vaccination originally meant inoculation with vaccinia virus to render a person immune to smallpox. ...
... These terms are often used interchangeably. Vaccination and vaccine derive from vaccinia, the virus once used as smallpox vaccine. Thus, vaccination originally meant inoculation with vaccinia virus to render a person immune to smallpox. ...
PPT Version - OMICS International
... Ready made Ab transferred to individual giving rapid protection and short lasting immunity: a-Naturally acquired passive immunity Occurs when antibody are transferred from mother to fetus (IgG ) or in colostrum (Ig A). b- Artificially acquired passive immunity Short-term immunization by injection of ...
... Ready made Ab transferred to individual giving rapid protection and short lasting immunity: a-Naturally acquired passive immunity Occurs when antibody are transferred from mother to fetus (IgG ) or in colostrum (Ig A). b- Artificially acquired passive immunity Short-term immunization by injection of ...
The Immune System - Clark Pleasant Community School Corp
... • Memory cells explain why you don’t get the same disease twice • Some common illnesses, such as cold and flu, are really different mutated forms of the virus. Each time takes a different antibody ...
... • Memory cells explain why you don’t get the same disease twice • Some common illnesses, such as cold and flu, are really different mutated forms of the virus. Each time takes a different antibody ...
An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism
... Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen in order to stimulate the immune sys ...
... Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen in order to stimulate the immune sys ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.