managing african urbanization
... and development is more evident (Blanco, et al. 2009; Nkurunziza 2007; Rogerson 1996). Due to these factors, the expansion of urban areas is steadily advancing leading to engulfing of adjacent rural areas and other urban centers to form urban-corridors. These changes have far reaching implications t ...
... and development is more evident (Blanco, et al. 2009; Nkurunziza 2007; Rogerson 1996). Due to these factors, the expansion of urban areas is steadily advancing leading to engulfing of adjacent rural areas and other urban centers to form urban-corridors. These changes have far reaching implications t ...
Colombia TOD NAMA Urban mitigation via national wide initiatives
... Preselected local projects: Medellín Construction of a new Metro station between two existing stations to trigger station-area development in the under-utilized river valley which is targeted for redevelopment. ...
... Preselected local projects: Medellín Construction of a new Metro station between two existing stations to trigger station-area development in the under-utilized river valley which is targeted for redevelopment. ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
Confronting Climate Change in the Us midwest
... wave every other summer like the even deadlier European heat wave of 2003. • Air quality would deteriorate, as hotter weather causes more severe smog problems (assuming similar levels of tailpipe and smokestack emissions). This would have serious consequences for public health, including a greater i ...
... wave every other summer like the even deadlier European heat wave of 2003. • Air quality would deteriorate, as hotter weather causes more severe smog problems (assuming similar levels of tailpipe and smokestack emissions). This would have serious consequences for public health, including a greater i ...
The response of the terrestrial biosphere to
... on the form of urbanization and climatic region. Low density housing development may increase vegetation fraction and potential carbon uptake, e.g. if lawns and gardens replace agricultural fields. In desert and semi-desert regions urbanization also leads to an increase in vegetation cover. For Euro ...
... on the form of urbanization and climatic region. Low density housing development may increase vegetation fraction and potential carbon uptake, e.g. if lawns and gardens replace agricultural fields. In desert and semi-desert regions urbanization also leads to an increase in vegetation cover. For Euro ...
Connecting Changing Ocean Circulation with Changing Climate
... model’s response to increased CO2 with and without an ocean circulation response. Inhibiting the ocean circulation response, by specifying a seasonally varying preindustrial climatology of currents, has a much larger influence on the heat storage pattern than on the carbon storage pattern. The heat ...
... model’s response to increased CO2 with and without an ocean circulation response. Inhibiting the ocean circulation response, by specifying a seasonally varying preindustrial climatology of currents, has a much larger influence on the heat storage pattern than on the carbon storage pattern. The heat ...
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle
... reveal a new aspect of the inter-relation between precipitation minus evaporation and sea-surface temperature. [19] Interpolation of our results predicts that a 10% increase in the strength of the hydrological cycle will cause basin-scale sea-surface temperature decreases of around 0.1°C (except at ...
... reveal a new aspect of the inter-relation between precipitation minus evaporation and sea-surface temperature. [19] Interpolation of our results predicts that a 10% increase in the strength of the hydrological cycle will cause basin-scale sea-surface temperature decreases of around 0.1°C (except at ...
Heat in the Heartland - Union of Concerned Scientists
... resulting from exposure to extreme heat were reported (CDC 2006a). And these figures are likely to be lower than the real toll. Medical examiners vary in the way they characterize heat-related deaths, sometimes misclassifying them as stemming from other causes (Basu and Samet 2002). High temperature ...
... resulting from exposure to extreme heat were reported (CDC 2006a). And these figures are likely to be lower than the real toll. Medical examiners vary in the way they characterize heat-related deaths, sometimes misclassifying them as stemming from other causes (Basu and Samet 2002). High temperature ...
Week 7, Part 2 - Atmospheric Sciences at UNBC
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
Cities and Climate Change: Adaptation in London, UK - UN
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
Analysis of 3 decades temperature data for Athens and Thessaloniki
... In a research for the Zurich-Kloten location in Switzerland [8], which is representative for the climatic situation in the Swiss Central Plateau, an analysis of hourly weather data during the period 1981-2002 was performed. The results showed that both the mean annual and (winter/summer) seasonal ai ...
... In a research for the Zurich-Kloten location in Switzerland [8], which is representative for the climatic situation in the Swiss Central Plateau, an analysis of hourly weather data during the period 1981-2002 was performed. The results showed that both the mean annual and (winter/summer) seasonal ai ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... from global warming caused by rapid increase of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere since the industrial era (Nicholls et al., 1996; Jones et al., 1997; Boko et al., 2007; Vincent, 2007 and Hahn et al., 2009). On May 9, 2013, the daily mean atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ( ...
... from global warming caused by rapid increase of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere since the industrial era (Nicholls et al., 1996; Jones et al., 1997; Boko et al., 2007; Vincent, 2007 and Hahn et al., 2009). On May 9, 2013, the daily mean atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ( ...
Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world
... rows). This is particularly true for observational studies which are in less agreement than model ...
... rows). This is particularly true for observational studies which are in less agreement than model ...
Hunting on a hot day: effects of temperature on interactions between
... Shongwe 2004). As mean temperature rises, interactions among these species are likely to be affected by differences in response. African wild dogs are among the most cursorial of predators, traveling more than 10 km/d in search of suitable hunting opportunities and pursuing prey at high speeds over ...
... Shongwe 2004). As mean temperature rises, interactions among these species are likely to be affected by differences in response. African wild dogs are among the most cursorial of predators, traveling more than 10 km/d in search of suitable hunting opportunities and pursuing prey at high speeds over ...
The Way of Warming
... between summer and winter, one discovers that the average warming of the coldest months approaches 2º C in those two areas. An individual living anywhere else (in the remaining 74 percent of the region) where sufficient data exist for analysis experiences virtually no winter warming. Longer Growing ...
... between summer and winter, one discovers that the average warming of the coldest months approaches 2º C in those two areas. An individual living anywhere else (in the remaining 74 percent of the region) where sufficient data exist for analysis experiences virtually no winter warming. Longer Growing ...
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[pdf]
... dominant mechanism for the TIO warming: the atmospheric forcing component of LHF amounts to 4.5 W/m2 while the sensible heat flux contributes another 0.5 W/m2. At 5.7 W/m2 (Figure 3), the Newtonian cooling of LHF nearly balances all the forcing terms. As a result, NHF is weakly positive at 0.2 W/m2 ...
... dominant mechanism for the TIO warming: the atmospheric forcing component of LHF amounts to 4.5 W/m2 while the sensible heat flux contributes another 0.5 W/m2. At 5.7 W/m2 (Figure 3), the Newtonian cooling of LHF nearly balances all the forcing terms. As a result, NHF is weakly positive at 0.2 W/m2 ...
Executive Summary: Impact of Climate Change on the Ecology of
... and negate any advantage cyanobacteria may gain with increased temperature. The review of literature identified a poor knowledge of whether there is an interaction between nutrients and temperature in promoting cyanobacterial blooms. To fill this research gap, three approaches were used. A statistic ...
... and negate any advantage cyanobacteria may gain with increased temperature. The review of literature identified a poor knowledge of whether there is an interaction between nutrients and temperature in promoting cyanobacterial blooms. To fill this research gap, three approaches were used. A statistic ...
Winter Survival
... snow and rain as this will ruin the insulation value of your clothing. . Stay dry! Avoid drinking alcohol. That takes heat away as it evaporates through the skin. Do increase your food intake and drink hot beverages to fuel your body’s heating system. Winter In Camp Camping out for extended time in ...
... snow and rain as this will ruin the insulation value of your clothing. . Stay dry! Avoid drinking alcohol. That takes heat away as it evaporates through the skin. Do increase your food intake and drink hot beverages to fuel your body’s heating system. Winter In Camp Camping out for extended time in ...
Climate change and urbanization: effects and implications for urban
... and rely on natural drainage channels - and it is common for buildings or infrastructure to be constructed that actually obstruct these drainage channels. For instance, in Dhaka, buildings often encroach on or fill in drains and many natural drains have been filled up to construct roads (Alam and G ...
... and rely on natural drainage channels - and it is common for buildings or infrastructure to be constructed that actually obstruct these drainage channels. For instance, in Dhaka, buildings often encroach on or fill in drains and many natural drains have been filled up to construct roads (Alam and G ...
Course Outline
... (other than to get information to support class topics), or messaging, their use will be stopped. Please turn off your cell phones or put them on vibrate when you enter class. If you absolutely need to take a call during class, please exit the classroom as quietly and unobtrusively as possible. Cell ...
... (other than to get information to support class topics), or messaging, their use will be stopped. Please turn off your cell phones or put them on vibrate when you enter class. If you absolutely need to take a call during class, please exit the classroom as quietly and unobtrusively as possible. Cell ...
Item 5 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... In the summer heatwave of 2003, an estimate 2000 people in the UK died from heat-related causes who would not have died in a traditionally ‘normal’ UK summer. The figure in Europe was even higher – around an extra 35,000 ‘excess summer deaths’. An increase in low-level ozone and airborne particulate ...
... In the summer heatwave of 2003, an estimate 2000 people in the UK died from heat-related causes who would not have died in a traditionally ‘normal’ UK summer. The figure in Europe was even higher – around an extra 35,000 ‘excess summer deaths’. An increase in low-level ozone and airborne particulate ...
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... significant, while in Georgia it’s not. A possible explanation is that California has a larger industry and population than Georgia so the amount of CO2 emitted by the manufacturing sector in California is large enough to affect the temperature. More specifically, in the year 2011, manufacturing’s ...
... significant, while in Georgia it’s not. A possible explanation is that California has a larger industry and population than Georgia so the amount of CO2 emitted by the manufacturing sector in California is large enough to affect the temperature. More specifically, in the year 2011, manufacturing’s ...
. A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON CLIMATE ... VARIABILITY: A FOCUS ON INDIA
... event. This rapid cooling of the atmosphere, in conjunction with the Levitus etal.4.5 studies, indicate that a scientific priority should be to precisely observe the global ocean heat content. An assessment of the heat storage within the Earth's climate system offers a unique perspective on global c ...
... event. This rapid cooling of the atmosphere, in conjunction with the Levitus etal.4.5 studies, indicate that a scientific priority should be to precisely observe the global ocean heat content. An assessment of the heat storage within the Earth's climate system offers a unique perspective on global c ...
Simulating thermal pollution caused by a hypothetical groundwater
... thermal regime. Moreover, climate change is expected to increase surface air temperature and change the precipitation regime leading to frequent and intense extreme events. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that the ris ...
... thermal regime. Moreover, climate change is expected to increase surface air temperature and change the precipitation regime leading to frequent and intense extreme events. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that the ris ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.