the global warming scam
... thermometer a daily maximum and a daily minimum can be recorded. It seems to be assumed that the mean of these quantities represents some sort of average, but Hansen (2008a) denies its value. Gray (2007a) showed that if you compare this average with the average of the 24 hourly readings from one mid ...
... thermometer a daily maximum and a daily minimum can be recorded. It seems to be assumed that the mean of these quantities represents some sort of average, but Hansen (2008a) denies its value. Gray (2007a) showed that if you compare this average with the average of the 24 hourly readings from one mid ...
The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?
... ship-deck nighttime marine air temperatures were primarily responsible for revealing previously undetected warming in recent decades in IPCC and other work. It is also noteworthy that by using nighttime marine air temperatures to correct SSTs, the index of global surface mean temperature is not a di ...
... ship-deck nighttime marine air temperatures were primarily responsible for revealing previously undetected warming in recent decades in IPCC and other work. It is also noteworthy that by using nighttime marine air temperatures to correct SSTs, the index of global surface mean temperature is not a di ...
CLIMATE FORCINGS, FEEDBACKS, AND TELECONNECTIONS IN THE LAND SURFACE-VEGETATION-WATER COMPONENTS OF THE
... warming" with surface heat content" and Davey,C.A., R.A. Pielke Sr., and K.P. Gallo, 2005: Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the eastern United States - Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content." Question: What are the quantita ...
... warming" with surface heat content" and Davey,C.A., R.A. Pielke Sr., and K.P. Gallo, 2005: Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the eastern United States - Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content." Question: What are the quantita ...
Predator prey interactions under climate change: the importance of
... The temperature of a plant or animal’s body can affect virtually all of its physiological processes (Buckley et al. 2001, Somero 2005). These cellular and subcellular-level processes in turn have cascading effects on the distribution and abundance of organisms and populations and the functioning of ...
... The temperature of a plant or animal’s body can affect virtually all of its physiological processes (Buckley et al. 2001, Somero 2005). These cellular and subcellular-level processes in turn have cascading effects on the distribution and abundance of organisms and populations and the functioning of ...
PDF
... important to stress that the science of climate change was running years ahead of the economics (something that arguably remains the case today in understanding the impacts of climate change).” A well-established fact in the science of climate change is that when the climate cools or warms, high lat ...
... important to stress that the science of climate change was running years ahead of the economics (something that arguably remains the case today in understanding the impacts of climate change).” A well-established fact in the science of climate change is that when the climate cools or warms, high lat ...
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
... depth of the 5 and 10 Sv streamlines in the Atlantic Ocean north of the 35◦ S parallel (Figure 2, horizontal green lines). DAMOC varies from 0.5 km (CNRM-CM5) to 1.8 km (NorESM1-M) and is highly correlated (R=0.93) with the depth of heat penetration D80% across the models (Figures 2 and 3a). DAMOC a ...
... depth of the 5 and 10 Sv streamlines in the Atlantic Ocean north of the 35◦ S parallel (Figure 2, horizontal green lines). DAMOC varies from 0.5 km (CNRM-CM5) to 1.8 km (NorESM1-M) and is highly correlated (R=0.93) with the depth of heat penetration D80% across the models (Figures 2 and 3a). DAMOC a ...
Inspiring action for urban and regional planning WORLD SUMMIT
... to consider the pressure on available resources and the mitigation measures that need to be applied. The business as usual approach has to be replaced by an integrated territorial planning where natural, rural, rural-urban and urban areas are interconnected and where the services they provide are sa ...
... to consider the pressure on available resources and the mitigation measures that need to be applied. The business as usual approach has to be replaced by an integrated territorial planning where natural, rural, rural-urban and urban areas are interconnected and where the services they provide are sa ...
Lab Handout
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and
... AMOC weakening while the other has a small weakening. Using heat budgets, we trace the influence of the AMOC response differences through their impact on ocean heat transport to intermodel differences in the simulation of ocean heat uptake and the Arctic/subArctic response. We do not attempt to expl ...
... AMOC weakening while the other has a small weakening. Using heat budgets, we trace the influence of the AMOC response differences through their impact on ocean heat transport to intermodel differences in the simulation of ocean heat uptake and the Arctic/subArctic response. We do not attempt to expl ...
quantifying the impact of climate change on
... Table 1: The average number of heatwave days, number of events, length of the longest event, average heatwave intensity, average intensity of the peak heatwave day, and change in the timing of the first summer heatwave for Australia’s capital cities (Perkins and Alexander 2013). Statistics were calc ...
... Table 1: The average number of heatwave days, number of events, length of the longest event, average heatwave intensity, average intensity of the peak heatwave day, and change in the timing of the first summer heatwave for Australia’s capital cities (Perkins and Alexander 2013). Statistics were calc ...
Recent climate change in Japan
... to 2.95◦ C (Tokyo). Strongly increasing trends can be found in all seasons, with highest increasing trends in winter. The magnitude of climate change is illustrated to increase over the recent period 1976–2000, which can be clearly identified by the case of Tokyo and also for the other stations unde ...
... to 2.95◦ C (Tokyo). Strongly increasing trends can be found in all seasons, with highest increasing trends in winter. The magnitude of climate change is illustrated to increase over the recent period 1976–2000, which can be clearly identified by the case of Tokyo and also for the other stations unde ...
on the model applied (particularly on the
... latent heat fluxes are only realized because of a significant increase in local precipitation, a result that is opposite to that found in similar uncoupled studies (15). In this case, the weakened Hadley circulation, caused by Amazon deforestation and cooler temperatures over the neighboring ocean a ...
... latent heat fluxes are only realized because of a significant increase in local precipitation, a result that is opposite to that found in similar uncoupled studies (15). In this case, the weakened Hadley circulation, caused by Amazon deforestation and cooler temperatures over the neighboring ocean a ...
impact of climate change on the management of district heating
... ❚❚ surface albedo2: a surface such as snow has a high albedo, as it reflects almost all the solar energy hitting the surface and thereby prevents daytime heating of the air near the ground; ❚❚ atmospheric particles (or aerosols): these absorb and reflect solar radiation. Their mean effect tends to r ...
... ❚❚ surface albedo2: a surface such as snow has a high albedo, as it reflects almost all the solar energy hitting the surface and thereby prevents daytime heating of the air near the ground; ❚❚ atmospheric particles (or aerosols): these absorb and reflect solar radiation. Their mean effect tends to r ...
How much heat can sport handle?
... now out number extremely cold days by more than two to one.31 Heatwaves rank as Australia’s deadliest natural threat to human life – causing more deaths since 1890 than bushfires, cyclones, earthquakes, floods and storms combined. 32 Looking out to 2050, heatrelated deaths across Australia’s capital ...
... now out number extremely cold days by more than two to one.31 Heatwaves rank as Australia’s deadliest natural threat to human life – causing more deaths since 1890 than bushfires, cyclones, earthquakes, floods and storms combined. 32 Looking out to 2050, heatrelated deaths across Australia’s capital ...
Tall tales and Fat tails: The science and economics of extreme
... 2009). From this literature three stylized facts emerge. First, there are differences—at times large—between the various estimates. Second, all have a large positive skew and in most cases it satisfies the definition of a fat tail. Third, there are large differences between the various estimates of ...
... 2009). From this literature three stylized facts emerge. First, there are differences—at times large—between the various estimates. Second, all have a large positive skew and in most cases it satisfies the definition of a fat tail. Third, there are large differences between the various estimates of ...
The social impacts of heat waves Science Report – SC20061/SR6 SCHO0807BNCW-E-P
... those of the author alone. The views or statements expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for such views or statements. This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, w ...
... those of the author alone. The views or statements expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for such views or statements. This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, w ...
Climate Dynamics and Global Change
... observation. WhatFigure 1 showsis a global temperature that rose noticeably bctween 1915 and 1940, remained relatively steady until the early 1970s, and rose again in the late 1970s. The change over the past century is estimated to be 0.45°C + 0.15°C. The temperature increase in the late 1970s is la ...
... observation. WhatFigure 1 showsis a global temperature that rose noticeably bctween 1915 and 1940, remained relatively steady until the early 1970s, and rose again in the late 1970s. The change over the past century is estimated to be 0.45°C + 0.15°C. The temperature increase in the late 1970s is la ...
1950-2100
... In summer, maximum temperatures increase by 1.8-2.2oCfor the 2021-2050 simulation and by 4-6oCfor 2071-2100 Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
... In summer, maximum temperatures increase by 1.8-2.2oCfor the 2021-2050 simulation and by 4-6oCfor 2071-2100 Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
Relation, response and change of near
... various human sectors. Increasing global temperature might cause sea level to rise and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. One of the remaining scientific uncertainties includes how warming and related rainfall trend ...
... various human sectors. Increasing global temperature might cause sea level to rise and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. One of the remaining scientific uncertainties includes how warming and related rainfall trend ...
Tall tales and fat tails: the science and economics of extreme warming
... debated but the implications for integrated assessment modeling are clear; that the possibility of extreme warming should be accounted for. A number of IAM studies have pursued this issue (Ackerman et al. 2010; Dietz 2011; Pycroft et al. 2011). In these studies, a sufficiently high realization of th ...
... debated but the implications for integrated assessment modeling are clear; that the possibility of extreme warming should be accounted for. A number of IAM studies have pursued this issue (Ackerman et al. 2010; Dietz 2011; Pycroft et al. 2011). In these studies, a sufficiently high realization of th ...
urban solutions for a living planet www .panda.org
... Networks of cities are setting more ambitious goals for greenhouse gas emissions than their governments. Cities are taking independent action, often with innovative solutions, pushing governments to follow. In our survey, there are cities transforming transport, creating walkable and livable environ ...
... Networks of cities are setting more ambitious goals for greenhouse gas emissions than their governments. Cities are taking independent action, often with innovative solutions, pushing governments to follow. In our survey, there are cities transforming transport, creating walkable and livable environ ...
Spatially distributed surface energy balance and ablation modelling
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
Carrie_Kissman_
... The data for these exercises are provided for you by your lab instructor. You will work in pairs to analyze the data. An important component of climate change studies is the analysis of temperature change over long timescales in the region of interest. For our analysis of Ohio, you will assess tempe ...
... The data for these exercises are provided for you by your lab instructor. You will work in pairs to analyze the data. An important component of climate change studies is the analysis of temperature change over long timescales in the region of interest. For our analysis of Ohio, you will assess tempe ...
FOLIA POMERANAE UNIVERSITATIS TECHNOLOGIAE
... neighbourhood collapse. The cities in developing countries are growing faster than the capacity of administration to cope with shortages of housing, water, exposure to air and water ...
... neighbourhood collapse. The cities in developing countries are growing faster than the capacity of administration to cope with shortages of housing, water, exposure to air and water ...
Impact of Climate Change and Climate Variability on
... temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in models and scenarios. Crop simulation models predicts that in future climates sorghum and maize yields can decrease up to 20%; and dry bean yield up to 50%. There are opportunities to combat yield losses by adjusting ...
... temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in models and scenarios. Crop simulation models predicts that in future climates sorghum and maize yields can decrease up to 20%; and dry bean yield up to 50%. There are opportunities to combat yield losses by adjusting ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.