Living well - apartments, comfort and resilience in climate change
... Despite being a continent of extreme heat waves, there is currently no comprehensive requirement for building summer comfort in Australia. The 2016 NCC which incorporates the Building Code of Australia (BCA) allows for energy efficiency measures in all classes of buildings (Australian Building Codes ...
... Despite being a continent of extreme heat waves, there is currently no comprehensive requirement for building summer comfort in Australia. The 2016 NCC which incorporates the Building Code of Australia (BCA) allows for energy efficiency measures in all classes of buildings (Australian Building Codes ...
Comparison of thermal transfer characteristics of wood flooring
... Change (IPCC) have raised public awareness of energy use and its environmental implications, and have generated a great deal of interest in gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of energy use in buildings, especially their correlations with the prevailing weather conditions. The supr ...
... Change (IPCC) have raised public awareness of energy use and its environmental implications, and have generated a great deal of interest in gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of energy use in buildings, especially their correlations with the prevailing weather conditions. The supr ...
The Heat Is On - Climate Central
... the North Atlantic Ocean. Other researchers have suggested10,11 that the ways we’ve changed the land over parts of the U.S. (with agriculture development and reforestation) may influence temperature changes from one region to another. More generally, we should point out that just as in every statist ...
... the North Atlantic Ocean. Other researchers have suggested10,11 that the ways we’ve changed the land over parts of the U.S. (with agriculture development and reforestation) may influence temperature changes from one region to another. More generally, we should point out that just as in every statist ...
Strongly increasing heat extremes in the Middle East and North
... Figure 2 demonstrates that climate warming in the MENA is particularly strong in summer, whereas during winter the projected rate of warming does not seem exceptional. In summer, subsidence leads to cloud-free and hot weather conditions over a region that extends from northwestern Africa to the Midd ...
... Figure 2 demonstrates that climate warming in the MENA is particularly strong in summer, whereas during winter the projected rate of warming does not seem exceptional. In summer, subsidence leads to cloud-free and hot weather conditions over a region that extends from northwestern Africa to the Midd ...
Expanding the Concept of Human - Caused Climate
... climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air temperature over the last 50 years, but fails to quantitatively reproduce the observed change in ocean heat content, cannot be correct. The PCM has a relatively low sensitivity (less anthropogenic impact on climate) and captures both th ...
... climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air temperature over the last 50 years, but fails to quantitatively reproduce the observed change in ocean heat content, cannot be correct. The PCM has a relatively low sensitivity (less anthropogenic impact on climate) and captures both th ...
Ten Overlooked Issues in the IPCC and US National Assessments
... in the World’s Oceans’, Science, 292, 270-274. “Perhaps the most important aspect of this work is that it establishes a strong constraint on the performance and veracity of anthropogenically forced climate models. For example, a climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air tempera ...
... in the World’s Oceans’, Science, 292, 270-274. “Perhaps the most important aspect of this work is that it establishes a strong constraint on the performance and veracity of anthropogenically forced climate models. For example, a climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air tempera ...
2_Main Document
... and wetlands—and the location of urban spread were mapped using the established database. The region’s land was subdivided into 1 km2 grid cells and a dominant land-cover type within each cell was recorded. The size of grid cells was chosen based on the coarse resolution of historic maps that were a ...
... and wetlands—and the location of urban spread were mapped using the established database. The region’s land was subdivided into 1 km2 grid cells and a dominant land-cover type within each cell was recorded. The size of grid cells was chosen based on the coarse resolution of historic maps that were a ...
PowerPoint **** - UCLA Land Surface Hydrology Research Group
... According to figure (b), future climate influences are greater for historically transient basins, which will shift towards rain dominant basins and experience longer summer low flow period, with increase in winter streamflow and significant decrease in summer streamflow, primarily due to reduction i ...
... According to figure (b), future climate influences are greater for historically transient basins, which will shift towards rain dominant basins and experience longer summer low flow period, with increase in winter streamflow and significant decrease in summer streamflow, primarily due to reduction i ...
global warming - Libertarian Alliance
... describes several ways in which the temperatures can be artificially biased upwards but the most important is the so-called “urban” effect. Temperature readings from towns and cities are generally warmer than those from rural areas because buildings and pavements retain more heat and prevent normal ...
... describes several ways in which the temperatures can be artificially biased upwards but the most important is the so-called “urban” effect. Temperature readings from towns and cities are generally warmer than those from rural areas because buildings and pavements retain more heat and prevent normal ...
Climate change effects on human health
... 60th centile of the all-year temperature distribution. This threshold broadly corresponds to the highest temperature value in the four coldest months of the year (December–March), excluding outliers. The 60th centile for London is 13.2°C, and for the North East it is 10.9°C. As cold impacts can be d ...
... 60th centile of the all-year temperature distribution. This threshold broadly corresponds to the highest temperature value in the four coldest months of the year (December–March), excluding outliers. The 60th centile for London is 13.2°C, and for the North East it is 10.9°C. As cold impacts can be d ...
Polar amplification as a preferred response in an idealized
... meridional structures although the forcings are rather different. This will in the framework of the present study be interpreted as an excitation of a certain mode in the system. In Alexeev (2003) and Langen and Alexeev (2005) it was demonstrated how the meridional structure of a climate response re ...
... meridional structures although the forcings are rather different. This will in the framework of the present study be interpreted as an excitation of a certain mode in the system. In Alexeev (2003) and Langen and Alexeev (2005) it was demonstrated how the meridional structure of a climate response re ...
MC3-Network: Mediterranean Cities and Climate Change.
... these two situations, the logic of which is still not very clear. The city of tomorrow, the one which will have to face the consequences of the changes, is being built today, and we have to make choices without delay. It would be very difficult at present to propose models of climatic behavior for u ...
... these two situations, the logic of which is still not very clear. The city of tomorrow, the one which will have to face the consequences of the changes, is being built today, and we have to make choices without delay. It would be very difficult at present to propose models of climatic behavior for u ...
Global Temperature in 2016
... interference with the climate system’. The 15th Conference of the Parties (Copenhagen Accord, 2009) concluded that this objective required a goal to ‘…reduce global emissions so as to hold the increase of global temperature below 2°C…’. The 21st Conference of the Parties (Paris Agreement, 2015) stre ...
... interference with the climate system’. The 15th Conference of the Parties (Copenhagen Accord, 2009) concluded that this objective required a goal to ‘…reduce global emissions so as to hold the increase of global temperature below 2°C…’. The 21st Conference of the Parties (Paris Agreement, 2015) stre ...
PDF
... temperature). While the effect on yield of 2o C temperature increase combined with carbon fertilization may or may not be positive, the effect of a 5o C increase during the growing season is likely to be negative. The use of spatial downscaling, such as in Hayhoe et al. (2004), has only recently bec ...
... temperature). While the effect on yield of 2o C temperature increase combined with carbon fertilization may or may not be positive, the effect of a 5o C increase during the growing season is likely to be negative. The use of spatial downscaling, such as in Hayhoe et al. (2004), has only recently bec ...
Seasonal mean temperature changes control future heat waves
... where HWHIST , HWRCP8.5 , and HWMS are the values of any heat wave metrics from HIST, RCP8.5, and MS scenarios. The contribution of variability with respect to seasonal mean changes is calculated replacing HWMS with HWSS , which are the values of heat wave metrics from SS scenario. Therefore, a valu ...
... where HWHIST , HWRCP8.5 , and HWMS are the values of any heat wave metrics from HIST, RCP8.5, and MS scenarios. The contribution of variability with respect to seasonal mean changes is calculated replacing HWMS with HWSS , which are the values of heat wave metrics from SS scenario. Therefore, a valu ...
Ten Overlooked Issues in Climate Change Science Roger A. Pielke Sr.
... 1. Past climate is a useful guide to the future - Assessing past climate conditions provides a very effective analysis tool to assess societal and environmental vulnerability to future climate, regardless of the extent the future climate is altered by human activity. Our current and future vulnerabi ...
... 1. Past climate is a useful guide to the future - Assessing past climate conditions provides a very effective analysis tool to assess societal and environmental vulnerability to future climate, regardless of the extent the future climate is altered by human activity. Our current and future vulnerabi ...
The effect of heat waves on hospital admissions for renal disease in
... heat waves, we chose to include ARF (N17) and renal dialysis not otherwise specified (Z49.1), as being representative of acute and chronic disease aetiology, respectively. Chosen on the basis of biological plausibility and previous studies2,12,22,23 specific secondary contributing diagnoses includin ...
... heat waves, we chose to include ARF (N17) and renal dialysis not otherwise specified (Z49.1), as being representative of acute and chronic disease aetiology, respectively. Chosen on the basis of biological plausibility and previous studies2,12,22,23 specific secondary contributing diagnoses includin ...
Climate4you update October 2011
... used as reference period. The reason for comparing with this recent period instead of the official WMO ‘normal’ period 1961-1990, is that the latter period is affected by the relatively cold period 1945-1980. Almost any comparison with such a low average value will therefore appear as high or warm, ...
... used as reference period. The reason for comparing with this recent period instead of the official WMO ‘normal’ period 1961-1990, is that the latter period is affected by the relatively cold period 1945-1980. Almost any comparison with such a low average value will therefore appear as high or warm, ...
Vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters of coastal cities
... Urban drainage systems upgrades planned upstream and within city Significant investments in reducing water leakages, equivalent to 1 Million people demand Lack of coastal zones plans protections, institutional capacity still limited Architecture & urban construtction on the low-carbon strategi ...
... Urban drainage systems upgrades planned upstream and within city Significant investments in reducing water leakages, equivalent to 1 Million people demand Lack of coastal zones plans protections, institutional capacity still limited Architecture & urban construtction on the low-carbon strategi ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... lead to elevated daily mortality totals in some cities across the United States (mostly Midwestern and Northeastern cities where heat waves are still relatively uncommon), the sensitivity of urban populations to extreme heat events has been on the decline since at least the mid-1960s (Figure 1). Mor ...
... lead to elevated daily mortality totals in some cities across the United States (mostly Midwestern and Northeastern cities where heat waves are still relatively uncommon), the sensitivity of urban populations to extreme heat events has been on the decline since at least the mid-1960s (Figure 1). Mor ...
greenhouse gases - the National Sea Grant Library
... greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone. Much of the high-energy, shortwavelength radiation from the sun passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. The energy that is not reflected off the surface is absor ...
... greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone. Much of the high-energy, shortwavelength radiation from the sun passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. The energy that is not reflected off the surface is absor ...
This Unit Plan was developed by: Valarie Gray Cleveland
... formed and release a considerable amount of energy. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of any liquid. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. For water, this amount is one calorie, or 4.184 ...
... formed and release a considerable amount of energy. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of any liquid. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. For water, this amount is one calorie, or 4.184 ...
Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels
... structure and functioning, including loss of biodiversity, fisheries, and shorelines; and increased vulnerability of coastal mangroves and wetlands to storm surges, increased salinity and ecosystem change. The sub-region’s mountainous areas are also at risk of serious impacts associated with climate ...
... structure and functioning, including loss of biodiversity, fisheries, and shorelines; and increased vulnerability of coastal mangroves and wetlands to storm surges, increased salinity and ecosystem change. The sub-region’s mountainous areas are also at risk of serious impacts associated with climate ...
da nang, vietnam: climate change impacts on heat stress by 2050
... Figure 1: Location of Da Nang in Vietnam’s central coast (left figure) and a simple land use map showing the drastic terrain (coast to mountains) over a short distance. ...................................... 1 ...
... Figure 1: Location of Da Nang in Vietnam’s central coast (left figure) and a simple land use map showing the drastic terrain (coast to mountains) over a short distance. ...................................... 1 ...
Attributing mortality from extreme temperatures to climate change in
... towards warmer temperatures in the winter season. The number of cold extremes increased slightly during 1980–2009 as compared with 1900–1929, contributing to increasing mortality during the winter months. As fewer winter deaths increase vulnerability to heat extremes, a warming climate also could in ...
... towards warmer temperatures in the winter season. The number of cold extremes increased slightly during 1980–2009 as compared with 1900–1929, contributing to increasing mortality during the winter months. As fewer winter deaths increase vulnerability to heat extremes, a warming climate also could in ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.