Session 3 – Geography of impacts
... climate change which, along with population growth and increasing demand arising from higher standards of living, could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. ...
... climate change which, along with population growth and increasing demand arising from higher standards of living, could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. ...
PDF
... Copyright 2012 by Nate Lyman. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
... Copyright 2012 by Nate Lyman. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
climate change urbanisation and humanitarian crises - Inter
... iv. Drought and water shortages. Just as increasing rainfall may produce problems where drainage and flood prevention infrastructure are inadequate, paradoxically declining rainfall, as a result of desertification or more seasonal variability in rainfall patterns together with rising temperatures, m ...
... iv. Drought and water shortages. Just as increasing rainfall may produce problems where drainage and flood prevention infrastructure are inadequate, paradoxically declining rainfall, as a result of desertification or more seasonal variability in rainfall patterns together with rising temperatures, m ...
Temperature and Heat-Related Mortality Trends in the Sonoran and
... The Sonoran and Mojave Deserts (in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States) are among the most extreme arid zones in the world, with high temperatures exceeding 40 ◦ C during the summer season and critically limited water resources [7–9]. Even under adverse geographical and weather co ...
... The Sonoran and Mojave Deserts (in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States) are among the most extreme arid zones in the world, with high temperatures exceeding 40 ◦ C during the summer season and critically limited water resources [7–9]. Even under adverse geographical and weather co ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... of food poisoning cannot be ruled out (Costello et al., 2009; RCEP, 2007). Furthermore, climate change may exacerbate existing environmental problems including those related to air pollution due to increased particulate matter and ground level Ozone concentrations, flooding and water supply problems ...
... of food poisoning cannot be ruled out (Costello et al., 2009; RCEP, 2007). Furthermore, climate change may exacerbate existing environmental problems including those related to air pollution due to increased particulate matter and ground level Ozone concentrations, flooding and water supply problems ...
Submission PDF Communicating the deadly consequences of
... observations began (Fig. 1A). Higher average air temperatures coincide with more frequent periods of extremely hot weather1,2 which, in turn, have adverse consequences for human well-being and economic productivity3,4,5 . The health impacts of rising air temperature are compounded by attendant incre ...
... observations began (Fig. 1A). Higher average air temperatures coincide with more frequent periods of extremely hot weather1,2 which, in turn, have adverse consequences for human well-being and economic productivity3,4,5 . The health impacts of rising air temperature are compounded by attendant incre ...
Weather and Death in India
... comprehensive studies of health impacts Inter-annual variation provides information on the costs of climate change: Overestimate of damages because individuals can engage in a limited set of adaptations in response to inter-annual variation ...
... comprehensive studies of health impacts Inter-annual variation provides information on the costs of climate change: Overestimate of damages because individuals can engage in a limited set of adaptations in response to inter-annual variation ...
Presentation slides
... Watkiss, P. and A. Hunt, 2011: Method for the UK Adaptation Economic Assessment. Final Report to Defra. May 2011. Deliverable 2.2.1 ...
... Watkiss, P. and A. Hunt, 2011: Method for the UK Adaptation Economic Assessment. Final Report to Defra. May 2011. Deliverable 2.2.1 ...
History of urban climatology
... somewhat controversial undertaking of compiling so-called planning indication maps which took an unabashedly critical view of individual Land Use Plans put forward by the municipalities. Contrary to some of the fears expressed, these planning indications were actually received very positively by the ...
... somewhat controversial undertaking of compiling so-called planning indication maps which took an unabashedly critical view of individual Land Use Plans put forward by the municipalities. Contrary to some of the fears expressed, these planning indications were actually received very positively by the ...
![L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat flow Convection Conduction heat](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016493089_1-17f7381acf4078ed9a98b263ca4e8ee9-300x300.png)
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat flow Convection Conduction heat
... • Are climate changes part of a natural cycle? • What is the effect of human activity (anthropogenic) on the buildup of greenhouse gases? • (NRC 2001) Because of the large and still uncertain level of natural variability inherent in the climate record and the uncertainties in the time histories of t ...
... • Are climate changes part of a natural cycle? • What is the effect of human activity (anthropogenic) on the buildup of greenhouse gases? • (NRC 2001) Because of the large and still uncertain level of natural variability inherent in the climate record and the uncertainties in the time histories of t ...
book of abstracts - mariolopoulos
... As more than half of the world population live in cities, the design of liveable urban spaces is increasingly a strategic issue. Therefore, urban planners need tools allowing the evaluation of the benefits of design choices that take into account thermal comfort. Ground surface characteristics as we ...
... As more than half of the world population live in cities, the design of liveable urban spaces is increasingly a strategic issue. Therefore, urban planners need tools allowing the evaluation of the benefits of design choices that take into account thermal comfort. Ground surface characteristics as we ...
Links between the Built Environment, Climate and Population Health
... temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere, increased climate variability and projected increases in extreme weather events expressed differentially across the planet.4 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that the globally averaged surface temperatures ...
... temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere, increased climate variability and projected increases in extreme weather events expressed differentially across the planet.4 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that the globally averaged surface temperatures ...
Improving air quality
... • One hectare of mixed forest can remove 15 t of particulates per year from the air while a pure spruce forest may filter two or three times as much (cited in Bolund, ...
... • One hectare of mixed forest can remove 15 t of particulates per year from the air while a pure spruce forest may filter two or three times as much (cited in Bolund, ...
The power spectral density of atmospheric temperature from time
... radiation boundary condition at the top of the metallic film. This geometry and boundary conditions may also be applicable to the coupled ocean–atmosphere case. Pelletier [13] applied this model to the climate system. He showed that at low frequencies the spectrum of temperature variations in the mo ...
... radiation boundary condition at the top of the metallic film. This geometry and boundary conditions may also be applicable to the coupled ocean–atmosphere case. Pelletier [13] applied this model to the climate system. He showed that at low frequencies the spectrum of temperature variations in the mo ...
Jet trails above fueling weather changes below, researchers say
... increasing number of jet contrails can sometimes fill half the sky and may significantly affect ground temperatures, according to a report in Thursday's issue of the British science journal Nature. Using a unique opportunity to study the effect of contrails on temperature after all commerci were gro ...
... increasing number of jet contrails can sometimes fill half the sky and may significantly affect ground temperatures, according to a report in Thursday's issue of the British science journal Nature. Using a unique opportunity to study the effect of contrails on temperature after all commerci were gro ...
2005 International Conference on Thermoelectrics
... while producing electrical power. TEG systems have been shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly as an alternator replacement in automobiles [5]. They have no moving parts and produce energy solely from a temperature difference across the module. TEGs require no maintenance and their l ...
... while producing electrical power. TEG systems have been shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly as an alternator replacement in automobiles [5]. They have no moving parts and produce energy solely from a temperature difference across the module. TEGs require no maintenance and their l ...
Extreme Temperatures
... Program, 2002). As these urban areas develop and change, so does the landscape. Buildings, roads and other infrastructure replace open land and vegetation. Surfaces that were once permeable and moist are now impermeable and dry. These changes cause urban areas to become warmer than the surrounding a ...
... Program, 2002). As these urban areas develop and change, so does the landscape. Buildings, roads and other infrastructure replace open land and vegetation. Surfaces that were once permeable and moist are now impermeable and dry. These changes cause urban areas to become warmer than the surrounding a ...
Climate Variability and Urbanization in Athens
... The main purpose of this work is to estimate when and how much urbanization has affected temperature in NOA. For this work the agricultural station of Aliartos (ALI) has been examined. The station is located in about 70 km NW of Athens and 30 km from the sea to NE, and its close environment has not ...
... The main purpose of this work is to estimate when and how much urbanization has affected temperature in NOA. For this work the agricultural station of Aliartos (ALI) has been examined. The station is located in about 70 km NW of Athens and 30 km from the sea to NE, and its close environment has not ...
Climate Change: The Move to Action
... • In general, similar to IPCC AR4 and IPCC SREX results. • Specific to North America. ...
... • In general, similar to IPCC AR4 and IPCC SREX results. • Specific to North America. ...
Tools for measuring climate change impacts on urban drainage systems
... The global mean temperature has increased during the last hundred years according to IPCC (2001), consequently changing the hydrological cycle. In recent years we have seen weather considered by many as “extreme weather events”, but what will be the consequences if these events occur more often in t ...
... The global mean temperature has increased during the last hundred years according to IPCC (2001), consequently changing the hydrological cycle. In recent years we have seen weather considered by many as “extreme weather events”, but what will be the consequences if these events occur more often in t ...
Observed climate variability and change
... the influence of human activities. Finally, there is emerging evidence for significant, rapid (time-scales of several decades or more), regional temperature changes during the last 10 000 years, well before the period for which anthropogenic influences could have been important (Fig. 2.24 of Chapter ...
... the influence of human activities. Finally, there is emerging evidence for significant, rapid (time-scales of several decades or more), regional temperature changes during the last 10 000 years, well before the period for which anthropogenic influences could have been important (Fig. 2.24 of Chapter ...
Strengthening capacities of MONGOLIA to mainstream
... Establish an independent and centralized power source at Ulaanbaatar city, regional pillars and aimags; Connect the aimag centers with central power grid, introduce new equipment and technologies of renewable energy; Reduce heat losses of building and facilities; Build or upgrade sanitation ...
... Establish an independent and centralized power source at Ulaanbaatar city, regional pillars and aimags; Connect the aimag centers with central power grid, introduce new equipment and technologies of renewable energy; Reduce heat losses of building and facilities; Build or upgrade sanitation ...
Pacific puzzle
... is happening in the Pacific. When tropical trade winds are blowing full force, there is more upwelling of cold water near the Equator, which cools the eastern Pacific and the global atmosphere5. But added to this, strong winds intensify surface circulation patterns in the western Pacific, bringing m ...
... is happening in the Pacific. When tropical trade winds are blowing full force, there is more upwelling of cold water near the Equator, which cools the eastern Pacific and the global atmosphere5. But added to this, strong winds intensify surface circulation patterns in the western Pacific, bringing m ...
North African Coastal Cities Embrace a Climate
... a greater risk for the city than in the past. Noureddine Kaabi, Tunisia’s General Director for Infrastructure in the Ministry of Development and International Cooperation, said that Tunis began to focus on the evolving severity of weatherrelated risks after the floods of 2003, which caused multiple ...
... a greater risk for the city than in the past. Noureddine Kaabi, Tunisia’s General Director for Infrastructure in the Ministry of Development and International Cooperation, said that Tunis began to focus on the evolving severity of weatherrelated risks after the floods of 2003, which caused multiple ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.