(LE lecture) - Apr2008 (NXPowerLite)
... components and green and blue spaces that lie within and between our cities, towns and villages and provide multiple social, economic and environmental benefits ...
... components and green and blue spaces that lie within and between our cities, towns and villages and provide multiple social, economic and environmental benefits ...
27. Global Warming
... cloud cover • Clouds have (1) warming effect by trapping heat (positive feedback) or (2) cooling effect by reflecting heat (negative feedback) • Depends on time of day, water content and cloud type • There is an effect but the degree is uncertain ...
... cloud cover • Clouds have (1) warming effect by trapping heat (positive feedback) or (2) cooling effect by reflecting heat (negative feedback) • Depends on time of day, water content and cloud type • There is an effect but the degree is uncertain ...
Consistency between planetary heat balance and ocean
... An ongoing accounting of where heat goes and its manifestations is a great need and has implications for interpreting the recent past and immediate future. Improved knowledge and understanding of the climate system will be translated into improved climate assessments and more reliable climate mo ...
... An ongoing accounting of where heat goes and its manifestations is a great need and has implications for interpreting the recent past and immediate future. Improved knowledge and understanding of the climate system will be translated into improved climate assessments and more reliable climate mo ...
Climate Change - Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
... This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief that the cities sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, rel ...
... This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief that the cities sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, rel ...
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive
... Because reanalyses do not show similar decreases, the cause for the decrease in observed wind speed is hypothesized to be at least partly due to increases in surface roughness associated with enhanced vegetation growth, partly in response to increasing air temperatures and CO2 at many of the locatio ...
... Because reanalyses do not show similar decreases, the cause for the decrease in observed wind speed is hypothesized to be at least partly due to increases in surface roughness associated with enhanced vegetation growth, partly in response to increasing air temperatures and CO2 at many of the locatio ...
alliance.columbia.edu
... ²Heat waves are defined as three more consecutive days with maximum temperatures at or above 90°F. ...
... ²Heat waves are defined as three more consecutive days with maximum temperatures at or above 90°F. ...
Climate change and food production: Pakistan (Arif Goheer)
... the year 2050 • Land degradation will cause land to shrink from present 0.8 ha per capita to 0.3 by 2010 • Areas in mid and high latitudes will experience increase in crop yield whereas in lower latitudes will experience a general decrease, under elevated CO2 conditions ...
... the year 2050 • Land degradation will cause land to shrink from present 0.8 ha per capita to 0.3 by 2010 • Areas in mid and high latitudes will experience increase in crop yield whereas in lower latitudes will experience a general decrease, under elevated CO2 conditions ...
climate_change_pt2
... The graph doesn't actually show temperature. It shows how global temperatures at various times beween 1860 and 2000 compared to the 1961-1990 average. Temperature appears to have increased 0.7o to 0.8o C during this period. The increase hasn't been steady as you might have expected given the steady ...
... The graph doesn't actually show temperature. It shows how global temperatures at various times beween 1860 and 2000 compared to the 1961-1990 average. Temperature appears to have increased 0.7o to 0.8o C during this period. The increase hasn't been steady as you might have expected given the steady ...
A New Water Paradigm for Urban Areas to Mitigate the Urban Heat
... The conventional principle of water discharge, which was implemented for over a hundred years, nowadays bears disastrous environmental effects on surface water quality and on the climate. The paradigm shift, which must now be implemented on the local level, will require a complete rethinking of the ...
... The conventional principle of water discharge, which was implemented for over a hundred years, nowadays bears disastrous environmental effects on surface water quality and on the climate. The paradigm shift, which must now be implemented on the local level, will require a complete rethinking of the ...
WORLD EXTREME HEAT RECORDS
... The CCSP makes this following comment on page 48: “Urban areas are among the most rapidly changing environments on Earth. As cities grow, they affect local climates. The urban heat island effect has raised average urban air temperatures by 2 to 5°F more than surrounding areas over the past 100 years ...
... The CCSP makes this following comment on page 48: “Urban areas are among the most rapidly changing environments on Earth. As cities grow, they affect local climates. The urban heat island effect has raised average urban air temperatures by 2 to 5°F more than surrounding areas over the past 100 years ...
Here - Icecap
... The CCSP makes this following comment on page 48: “Urban areas are among the most rapidly changing environments on Earth. As cities grow, they affect local climates. The urban heat island effect has raised average urban air temperatures by 2 to 5°F more than surrounding areas over the past 100 years ...
... The CCSP makes this following comment on page 48: “Urban areas are among the most rapidly changing environments on Earth. As cities grow, they affect local climates. The urban heat island effect has raised average urban air temperatures by 2 to 5°F more than surrounding areas over the past 100 years ...
Climate change - Department of Applied Physics
... Urbanization Effect on Local Climate • Due to urban development, change in land use, increase in population, human activities, etc. • A main characteristic is the significant difference in the temperature between urban and rural (the countryside) areas. Average temperature in the urban area is high ...
... Urbanization Effect on Local Climate • Due to urban development, change in land use, increase in population, human activities, etc. • A main characteristic is the significant difference in the temperature between urban and rural (the countryside) areas. Average temperature in the urban area is high ...
![L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Review Convection Conduction heat](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001601357_1-b4843c5700551ade4b081c48460df547-300x300.png)
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Review Convection Conduction heat
... What produces thermal radiation? • all objects whose temperature is above absolute zero emit thermal radiation • The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits, the amount of radiation is ~ T4 • We all continuously emit thermal radiation • We also absorb it from objects and people ...
... What produces thermal radiation? • all objects whose temperature is above absolute zero emit thermal radiation • The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits, the amount of radiation is ~ T4 • We all continuously emit thermal radiation • We also absorb it from objects and people ...
Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN)
... CCRUN)Problem)Statement) Urban&populaHons&and&infrastructure&have&unique&vulnerabiliHes& to&extreme&climate&events,&and&these&vulnerabiliHes&are&projected& to&increase&in&the&future.&The&metropolitan&areas&of&the&Northeast& U.S.&are&at&the&vanguard&of&resilience&efforts,&in&part&due&to&the& involvem ...
... CCRUN)Problem)Statement) Urban&populaHons&and&infrastructure&have&unique&vulnerabiliHes& to&extreme&climate&events,&and&these&vulnerabiliHes&are&projected& to&increase&in&the&future.&The&metropolitan&areas&of&the&Northeast& U.S.&are&at&the&vanguard&of&resilience&efforts,&in&part&due&to&the& involvem ...
L18
... energy of the molecules • Heat the energy that flows from one system to another because of temperature differences. • Energy is conserved (1st Law) • Heat flows from hot to cold in spontaneous process (2nd Law) • There are 3 heat flow processes: convection, conduction, radiation ...
... energy of the molecules • Heat the energy that flows from one system to another because of temperature differences. • Energy is conserved (1st Law) • Heat flows from hot to cold in spontaneous process (2nd Law) • There are 3 heat flow processes: convection, conduction, radiation ...
VII. the Coriolis effect, winds, storms and the general
... • the difference in heating causes a difference of pressure (i.e. a pressure gradient is formed) • pressure force is balanced by Coriolis force to make westerly wind (so no energy is moved poleward beyond the edge of the Hadley cell…) • heat and temperature continue to build up in the tropics, makin ...
... • the difference in heating causes a difference of pressure (i.e. a pressure gradient is formed) • pressure force is balanced by Coriolis force to make westerly wind (so no energy is moved poleward beyond the edge of the Hadley cell…) • heat and temperature continue to build up in the tropics, makin ...
Science Focus 10 Unit 4 Review KEY
... 35. A catastrophic event, such as a large volcanic eruption or a large meteorite hitting Earth, injects enormous amounts of dust and soot into the atmosphere, which can spread over much of the world. Such an event can cause a cooling of the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight back out into space. Not ...
... 35. A catastrophic event, such as a large volcanic eruption or a large meteorite hitting Earth, injects enormous amounts of dust and soot into the atmosphere, which can spread over much of the world. Such an event can cause a cooling of the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight back out into space. Not ...
Midterm Review
... • The mission of meteorology is to understand and predict weatherrelated disasters (e.g. tornados, hurricanes, winter storms) and climate-related disasters (e.g. El Nino and global warming). • The modern climatology (meteorology) was born in the 1940s (a very young science!), but has been growing ve ...
... • The mission of meteorology is to understand and predict weatherrelated disasters (e.g. tornados, hurricanes, winter storms) and climate-related disasters (e.g. El Nino and global warming). • The modern climatology (meteorology) was born in the 1940s (a very young science!), but has been growing ve ...
The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse
... The heat wave that affected many parts of Europe during the course of summer 2003 may be a harbinger of summers that could occur more regularly in a future climate, under enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Switzerland was not exempt from the 2003 heat wave and, indeed, the previous absolute max ...
... The heat wave that affected many parts of Europe during the course of summer 2003 may be a harbinger of summers that could occur more regularly in a future climate, under enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Switzerland was not exempt from the 2003 heat wave and, indeed, the previous absolute max ...
Definitions and References (PDF: 64KB/9 pages)
... As air temperature and humidity increases, the ability to cool the body through radiation is dramatically reduced. Under direct sunlight, heat is actually transferred back to the skin, reversing the process of heat transfer and warming the body. As air temperature rises, evaporation becomes the domi ...
... As air temperature and humidity increases, the ability to cool the body through radiation is dramatically reduced. Under direct sunlight, heat is actually transferred back to the skin, reversing the process of heat transfer and warming the body. As air temperature rises, evaporation becomes the domi ...
Almada - NACLIM
... - Energy consumption in buildings and transports Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016 ...
... - Energy consumption in buildings and transports Workshop: Towards Urban Climate Services Brussels, 21st to 22nd June 2016 ...
Word - Green Ninja
... BIG IDEA: Variations in weather do not mean global warming. Climate refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place over many years. For example, the climate in Minnesota is cold and snowy in the winter, and the climate in Honolulu, Hawaii, is warm and humid all year long. The climate i ...
... BIG IDEA: Variations in weather do not mean global warming. Climate refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place over many years. For example, the climate in Minnesota is cold and snowy in the winter, and the climate in Honolulu, Hawaii, is warm and humid all year long. The climate i ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.