Hazard Summary of Climate Trends and Projections
... the difference is reduced, as is happening because the Arctic is warming faster than the temperate zone, the jet stream is slowed and the wave is increased. As a result, more bouts of extreme weather (storms, floods, heat waves droughts etc.) are experienced in temperate North America. Since the war ...
... the difference is reduced, as is happening because the Arctic is warming faster than the temperate zone, the jet stream is slowed and the wave is increased. As a result, more bouts of extreme weather (storms, floods, heat waves droughts etc.) are experienced in temperate North America. Since the war ...
the heat marches on
... arrival of autumn went unnoticed as the high temperatures of summer continued through the first half of March. The northern hemisphere, in the depths of winter, also saw record warmth. Spells of unseasonably warm temperatures during late 2015 and early 2016 have affected parts of Europe, North Ameri ...
... arrival of autumn went unnoticed as the high temperatures of summer continued through the first half of March. The northern hemisphere, in the depths of winter, also saw record warmth. Spells of unseasonably warm temperatures during late 2015 and early 2016 have affected parts of Europe, North Ameri ...
A Mathematical Analysis of Heat Transfer in an Earth
... Global climate change is becoming increasingly hard to ignore. Overall changes in climate patterns as well as extreme weather events are becoming more commonplace and are affecting larger amounts of people in more widespread areas. This year has brought some of the strangest weather patterns I have ...
... Global climate change is becoming increasingly hard to ignore. Overall changes in climate patterns as well as extreme weather events are becoming more commonplace and are affecting larger amounts of people in more widespread areas. This year has brought some of the strangest weather patterns I have ...
Review on Ocean Heat Content and Ocean
... temperature and heat content for the North Atlantic is 1998. Both Pacific Ocean basins exhibit quasi-bidecadal changes in upper ocean heat content, with the two basins positively correlated. During 1997 the Pacific achieved its maximum heat content. A decadal-scale oscillation in North Pacific sea ...
... temperature and heat content for the North Atlantic is 1998. Both Pacific Ocean basins exhibit quasi-bidecadal changes in upper ocean heat content, with the two basins positively correlated. During 1997 the Pacific achieved its maximum heat content. A decadal-scale oscillation in North Pacific sea ...
Global Warming - Year 10 Life Science
... Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule containing three atoms of oxygen. Ozone molecules form a gaseous layer mostly in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere) 15-30 km above the surface of the earth, and protects life on earth by absorbing ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun. ...
... Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule containing three atoms of oxygen. Ozone molecules form a gaseous layer mostly in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere) 15-30 km above the surface of the earth, and protects life on earth by absorbing ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun. ...
The Effect of Urban Heat Island on Climate Warming in the Yangtze
... was very likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 800 years and likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years [1]. Such an increase in air temperature results in rising sea levels, extreme weather events, complex and profound changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altered mod ...
... was very likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 800 years and likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years [1]. Such an increase in air temperature results in rising sea levels, extreme weather events, complex and profound changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altered mod ...
Appendix 19 - The Work of Malcolm Roberts
... 5. The Earth is a blackbody. ie, Earth is a perfect absorber and emitter of energy; 6. Energy interchange in climate is entirely by radiation; 7. Conduction, convection and latent heat do not occur; 8. Air movements, wind, rain, storms and hurricanes are virtually ignored. They’re too small to fit i ...
... 5. The Earth is a blackbody. ie, Earth is a perfect absorber and emitter of energy; 6. Energy interchange in climate is entirely by radiation; 7. Conduction, convection and latent heat do not occur; 8. Air movements, wind, rain, storms and hurricanes are virtually ignored. They’re too small to fit i ...
Borehole paleoclimatology – the effect of deep lakes and “heat
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
Assessment of global warming on the island of Tenerife, Canary
... providing a worldwide network of observatories for monitoring the effects of global warming (Petit and Prudent 2008). At the same time, the higher mountainous islands are natural laboratories where such trends can be studied at different altitudes, from the marine boundary layer to the free troposph ...
... providing a worldwide network of observatories for monitoring the effects of global warming (Petit and Prudent 2008). At the same time, the higher mountainous islands are natural laboratories where such trends can be studied at different altitudes, from the marine boundary layer to the free troposph ...
Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a...
... Given the short length of the trustworthy oceanic observational record, particularly in the deep ocean, the ocean response to multi-decadal and longer natural forcings is virtually unknown. And any potential longer-time-scale internal oceanic oscillations are virtually unobserved. Are ocean models s ...
... Given the short length of the trustworthy oceanic observational record, particularly in the deep ocean, the ocean response to multi-decadal and longer natural forcings is virtually unknown. And any potential longer-time-scale internal oceanic oscillations are virtually unobserved. Are ocean models s ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... are highest in Asia and some areas in South America and are strongly correlated with patterns of economic development [20,23]. When economic development is driven by shifts in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing, it leads to more expansive urban land-use change than the economic transition ...
... are highest in Asia and some areas in South America and are strongly correlated with patterns of economic development [20,23]. When economic development is driven by shifts in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing, it leads to more expansive urban land-use change than the economic transition ...
Implications of Global Climate Change for Violence Developed and
... violent crime rates, in addition to heat effects. Other time-related routine activities, such as youth being out of school in the summer, cannot account for the heat effect found in Study 1 (Chicago), because that study included only the summer months. Similarly, routine activity theory cannot accou ...
... violent crime rates, in addition to heat effects. Other time-related routine activities, such as youth being out of school in the summer, cannot account for the heat effect found in Study 1 (Chicago), because that study included only the summer months. Similarly, routine activity theory cannot accou ...
Off the charts: Extreme Australian summer heat
... Federation drought) (SEACI, 2010). In the last two decades Victoria has experienced both a 10–20% reduction in rainfall during the late autumn/winter season and a reduced frequency of very wet years (SEACI, 2010). ...
... Federation drought) (SEACI, 2010). In the last two decades Victoria has experienced both a 10–20% reduction in rainfall during the late autumn/winter season and a reduced frequency of very wet years (SEACI, 2010). ...
Climate change deniers - Lorain
... Positive Feedback theories discussed in my last column. If it can be shown that a similar or greater warming occurred in the recent past without human CO2 emissions, then something else must have caused that warming. Obviously, that would mean despite whatever temperature effect CO2 has as a greenho ...
... Positive Feedback theories discussed in my last column. If it can be shown that a similar or greater warming occurred in the recent past without human CO2 emissions, then something else must have caused that warming. Obviously, that would mean despite whatever temperature effect CO2 has as a greenho ...
A comment on “Economy-wide estimates of the
... of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped” relationship between temperature and mortality. The point ...
... of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped” relationship between temperature and mortality. The point ...
Extreme climatic events and their evolution under changing climatic
... latter part of the record is well correlated with the behavior of the NAO. About 41% of the variance of Tmin10 is explained by the behavior of the NAO, 31% of Tmin50, and 23% of Tmin90. The behavior of the NAO thus seems to be more closely linked to changes in the coldest extremes than of those of t ...
... latter part of the record is well correlated with the behavior of the NAO. About 41% of the variance of Tmin10 is explained by the behavior of the NAO, 31% of Tmin50, and 23% of Tmin90. The behavior of the NAO thus seems to be more closely linked to changes in the coldest extremes than of those of t ...
Climate change impacts in Greece in the near future
... wider atmosphere. This leads to distinct urban climates that differ substantially from rural environments. The most apparent consequence of this is the urban heat island. The capacity for the built environment to store heat during the day and release it at night, along with the direct release of hea ...
... wider atmosphere. This leads to distinct urban climates that differ substantially from rural environments. The most apparent consequence of this is the urban heat island. The capacity for the built environment to store heat during the day and release it at night, along with the direct release of hea ...
Climatic Change in the Built Environment in Temperate Climates
... 4. How cities grow and operate matters for energy demand and thus for GHG emissions. Urban density and spatial planning and organization are key factors that influence energy consumption, especially in the transportation and building sectors. The acceleration of urbanization since 1950 has been acc ...
... 4. How cities grow and operate matters for energy demand and thus for GHG emissions. Urban density and spatial planning and organization are key factors that influence energy consumption, especially in the transportation and building sectors. The acceleration of urbanization since 1950 has been acc ...
Atmospheric Heat Fluxes and Restoration of Circumglobal
... during the polar winter night the temperature structure changes so much that the inversion could disappear. When this occurs convection mixing of the air can occur to great heights. Considering the tropical region, since the lower atmosphere traps more heat than the upper atmosphere as a result of i ...
... during the polar winter night the temperature structure changes so much that the inversion could disappear. When this occurs convection mixing of the air can occur to great heights. Considering the tropical region, since the lower atmosphere traps more heat than the upper atmosphere as a result of i ...
alpine tundra - University of Colorado Boulder
... In the West, only the tundra climate sub-type is present, which is defined as occurring when the mean temperature of the warmest month lies in the interval (0°, 10°C]. We note that the percent area coverage of this climate type is rather small, occupying only about 0.2% of the area of the western Un ...
... In the West, only the tundra climate sub-type is present, which is defined as occurring when the mean temperature of the warmest month lies in the interval (0°, 10°C]. We note that the percent area coverage of this climate type is rather small, occupying only about 0.2% of the area of the western Un ...
IJRSP 42(6) 391-396
... the years 1953, 1964, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2008. On an average, the time between two peaks or between two dips is ~11 years. Thus the short-term feature of global temperature anomaly (GTA) curve matches with the 11-year cycle of sunspot number. However, Fig. 2 shows that the long term trend of sunsp ...
... the years 1953, 1964, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2008. On an average, the time between two peaks or between two dips is ~11 years. Thus the short-term feature of global temperature anomaly (GTA) curve matches with the 11-year cycle of sunspot number. However, Fig. 2 shows that the long term trend of sunsp ...
5.9.2 Heat and health - Eionet Forum
... Several medical factors can increase the risk of heat-wave mortality: including dehydration, drugs, ageing, and having a chronic disease that affects cardiac output and the skin blood flow, as well as being confined to bed. Social factors, such as social isolation, may also be important factors – a ...
... Several medical factors can increase the risk of heat-wave mortality: including dehydration, drugs, ageing, and having a chronic disease that affects cardiac output and the skin blood flow, as well as being confined to bed. Social factors, such as social isolation, may also be important factors – a ...
Viet Nam Urban Development Policies/Strategies toward adaptation for climate change
... Mekong Delta has been affected by CC & other country’s activities (belonging to GMS): ➢ Annual flood season in the Delta has signs of abnormal fluctuations, flooding in urban areas with larger scale and longer period, the phenomenon of landslides , storm surges, with storms, tornadoes appear more an ...
... Mekong Delta has been affected by CC & other country’s activities (belonging to GMS): ➢ Annual flood season in the Delta has signs of abnormal fluctuations, flooding in urban areas with larger scale and longer period, the phenomenon of landslides , storm surges, with storms, tornadoes appear more an ...
Geography of the impacts of climate change
... projected to decrease due to climate change which, along with population growth and increasing demand arising from higher standards of living, could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. ...
... projected to decrease due to climate change which, along with population growth and increasing demand arising from higher standards of living, could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. ...
Finland: Wood heat has become real business
... district heating was favoured in order to increase energy efficiency in energy generation. The exploitation of renewable energy sources was boosted in the 1990’s by efforts to mitigate climate change. Other factors favouring the increasing use of renewable energy sources in Finland include the need ...
... district heating was favoured in order to increase energy efficiency in energy generation. The exploitation of renewable energy sources was boosted in the 1990’s by efforts to mitigate climate change. Other factors favouring the increasing use of renewable energy sources in Finland include the need ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.