urban population distribution and the rising risks of climate change
... and rivers (Small and Cohen, 2004). These estimates were further refined to show that nearly one in five persons globally lives in close proximity to a coast (i.e., within a coastal ecosystem) and that 65 per cent of the coastal population lives in urban areas (McGranahan and others, 2005). More tha ...
... and rivers (Small and Cohen, 2004). These estimates were further refined to show that nearly one in five persons globally lives in close proximity to a coast (i.e., within a coastal ecosystem) and that 65 per cent of the coastal population lives in urban areas (McGranahan and others, 2005). More tha ...
Lagos - Urban Climate Change Research Network
... Even with active membership in the C40 Large Cities Climate Leadership network, Lagos megacity still does not have a comprehensive analysis of the possible climate risks facing it. The Goethe Institute and the Heirich Boll Stiftung Foundation, Lagos were NGOs ...
... Even with active membership in the C40 Large Cities Climate Leadership network, Lagos megacity still does not have a comprehensive analysis of the possible climate risks facing it. The Goethe Institute and the Heirich Boll Stiftung Foundation, Lagos were NGOs ...
Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune
... Ectothermic species living in temperate regions can experience rapid and potentially stressful changes in body temperature driven by abrupt weather changes. Yet, among amphibians, the physiological impacts of short-term temperature variation are largely unknown. Using an ex situ population of Crypto ...
... Ectothermic species living in temperate regions can experience rapid and potentially stressful changes in body temperature driven by abrupt weather changes. Yet, among amphibians, the physiological impacts of short-term temperature variation are largely unknown. Using an ex situ population of Crypto ...
Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world
... extremely sparse at high elevations. For example, in the GHCNv3 database of homogenized stations, out of 7,297 stations, only 191 (3%) are above 2,000 m and 54 (0.7%) above 3,000 m, and long-term data are simply non-existent above 5,000 m in any mountain range1. Unlike in the Arctic, which is relati ...
... extremely sparse at high elevations. For example, in the GHCNv3 database of homogenized stations, out of 7,297 stations, only 191 (3%) are above 2,000 m and 54 (0.7%) above 3,000 m, and long-term data are simply non-existent above 5,000 m in any mountain range1. Unlike in the Arctic, which is relati ...
Trend and Change Analysis of Monthly and Seasonal Temperature
... variables such as rainfall and evaporation are as a result of greenhouse gas emission. Many researchers [13-17] analyzed temperature-time series from various climate change perspectives across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. The analysis indicates significant increase of temperature in ...
... variables such as rainfall and evaporation are as a result of greenhouse gas emission. Many researchers [13-17] analyzed temperature-time series from various climate change perspectives across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. The analysis indicates significant increase of temperature in ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... need to be cut by at least 80% by mid-century. What would be the implications of this for cornucopian conceptions of urbanism that stressed unlimited global urban competition based on externalised fossil fuel used and greenhouse gas emissions? This is a problem at a higher level than protecting or ...
... need to be cut by at least 80% by mid-century. What would be the implications of this for cornucopian conceptions of urbanism that stressed unlimited global urban competition based on externalised fossil fuel used and greenhouse gas emissions? This is a problem at a higher level than protecting or ...
On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate
... [11] In the model, stratospheric water vapor increases as the EPTD decreases, leading to an increase in PSC optical depth and surface heating (See Table 1). The PSC effect is tested by running the model twice for each temperature distribution, once with PSC physics switched on, and once off. Surface ...
... [11] In the model, stratospheric water vapor increases as the EPTD decreases, leading to an increase in PSC optical depth and surface heating (See Table 1). The PSC effect is tested by running the model twice for each temperature distribution, once with PSC physics switched on, and once off. Surface ...
Cities, Transport and Climate Change: Problems and
... multiple ways. For example, the World Health Organization estimates that 1.6 millions deaths per year, of which 60 % are women and children, are associated with indoor air pollution from the use of biomass. UN-HABITAT recent studies show that the urban poor and especially slum-dwellers are particula ...
... multiple ways. For example, the World Health Organization estimates that 1.6 millions deaths per year, of which 60 % are women and children, are associated with indoor air pollution from the use of biomass. UN-HABITAT recent studies show that the urban poor and especially slum-dwellers are particula ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... The critical urban dimension of consumption is not adequately appreciated in the dominant global conversation on responses to climate change, to be continued in Paris in December: mitigation has typically focused on technological ‘solutions’ in ‘developed countries’, whilst adaption has commonly foc ...
... The critical urban dimension of consumption is not adequately appreciated in the dominant global conversation on responses to climate change, to be continued in Paris in December: mitigation has typically focused on technological ‘solutions’ in ‘developed countries’, whilst adaption has commonly foc ...
Climate change consequences for the indoor
... summer. Well-insulated and reasonably air-tight buildings slowly warm up due to entering solar energy and indoor heat sources. The heat remains trapped in the construction, causing an uncomfortable warm indoor climate after a couple of hot days. Therefore, air conditioner use will increase during ho ...
... summer. Well-insulated and reasonably air-tight buildings slowly warm up due to entering solar energy and indoor heat sources. The heat remains trapped in the construction, causing an uncomfortable warm indoor climate after a couple of hot days. Therefore, air conditioner use will increase during ho ...
Increase of extreme events in a warming world
... thus explains why records occurred only in the 1930s and in the last decade. Fig. 4 clearly shows that the warming trend after 1980 has multiplied the likelihood of a new heat record in Moscow and would have provided a strong reason to expect it before it occurred. Our results thus explicitly contra ...
... thus explains why records occurred only in the 1930s and in the last decade. Fig. 4 clearly shows that the warming trend after 1980 has multiplied the likelihood of a new heat record in Moscow and would have provided a strong reason to expect it before it occurred. Our results thus explicitly contra ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Midwest
... urban area, St. Louis, and the number of days each year likely to exceed 90°F and 100°F. During the historical baseline St. Louis averaged more than 36 days per summer with highs over 90°F. That number rises substantially in the next several decades, and toward the end of the century under the highe ...
... urban area, St. Louis, and the number of days each year likely to exceed 90°F and 100°F. During the historical baseline St. Louis averaged more than 36 days per summer with highs over 90°F. That number rises substantially in the next several decades, and toward the end of the century under the highe ...
Changing US Extreme Temperature Statistics
... equivalent warming rate. To do this, we perform a Monte Carlo simulation of a uniformly warming climate for the period 1850–2014, using the observed mean warming rate of 0.010 ◦ F/y = 0.0055 ◦ C/y (Hansen 2006; Hansen et al. 2010; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013–2014), assuming Gaussi ...
... equivalent warming rate. To do this, we perform a Monte Carlo simulation of a uniformly warming climate for the period 1850–2014, using the observed mean warming rate of 0.010 ◦ F/y = 0.0055 ◦ C/y (Hansen 2006; Hansen et al. 2010; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013–2014), assuming Gaussi ...
Physiological Mechanisms in Coping with Climate Change
... Similarly, Holtmeier and Broll (2005) showed that the distribution of alpine trees was far more spatially and temporally complex than anticipated, due to the interactions of local weather and the history of human-mediated disturbance. For conservation purposes, these mismatches between predictions a ...
... Similarly, Holtmeier and Broll (2005) showed that the distribution of alpine trees was far more spatially and temporally complex than anticipated, due to the interactions of local weather and the history of human-mediated disturbance. For conservation purposes, these mismatches between predictions a ...
Long-term Temperature Trends at Four Largest Cities of India during
... rates were observed at Mumbai (1.1°C) and Chennai (2°C). Summer TMIN increased at three locations except Mumbai where it has decreased insignificantly. An increase of 1°C at Kolkata and Chennai was statistically significant. Overall, it can be said that summer days at Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai are ...
... rates were observed at Mumbai (1.1°C) and Chennai (2°C). Summer TMIN increased at three locations except Mumbai where it has decreased insignificantly. An increase of 1°C at Kolkata and Chennai was statistically significant. Overall, it can be said that summer days at Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai are ...
Physiological Mechanisms in Coping with Climate Change
... Similarly, Holtmeier and Broll (2005) showed that the distribution of alpine trees was far more spatially and temporally complex than anticipated, due to the interactions of local weather and the history of human-mediated disturbance. For conservation purposes, these mismatches between predictions a ...
... Similarly, Holtmeier and Broll (2005) showed that the distribution of alpine trees was far more spatially and temporally complex than anticipated, due to the interactions of local weather and the history of human-mediated disturbance. For conservation purposes, these mismatches between predictions a ...
Global Warming - WordPress.com
... haven’t noticed any drastic signs of global warming. It is said that the temperatures are rising, but it does not seem very significant. I often wonder, at what point will these climate changes become extreme? It has caused a variation in the earth’s normal patterns, but when will it become unbearab ...
... haven’t noticed any drastic signs of global warming. It is said that the temperatures are rising, but it does not seem very significant. I often wonder, at what point will these climate changes become extreme? It has caused a variation in the earth’s normal patterns, but when will it become unbearab ...
Earth Atmospheric Land Surface Temperature and Station Quality in
... is the rate of change of temperature rather than absolute temperature. Although the curves are plotted separately in Figure 4, they track each other so closely that differences between them are statistically small. It is more instructive to subtract the anomaly found with poor (4+5) station data fro ...
... is the rate of change of temperature rather than absolute temperature. Although the curves are plotted separately in Figure 4, they track each other so closely that differences between them are statistically small. It is more instructive to subtract the anomaly found with poor (4+5) station data fro ...
Geography at Key Stage 3. What will I learn? How will I be assessed
... Urban planning. UK cities: A case study of a UK city to show: Location and importance. Impacts of migration. Opportunities created by growth. How growth has created challenges. Urban regeneration. Homework is set at least once weekly. Assessments after each section. Sustainable urban living: Feature ...
... Urban planning. UK cities: A case study of a UK city to show: Location and importance. Impacts of migration. Opportunities created by growth. How growth has created challenges. Urban regeneration. Homework is set at least once weekly. Assessments after each section. Sustainable urban living: Feature ...
Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change
... A numerical climate model is used to simulate climate change forced only by random fluctuations of the atmospheric heat transport. This short-term natural variability of the atmosphere is shown to be a possible "cause" not only of the variability of the annual world average temperature about its mea ...
... A numerical climate model is used to simulate climate change forced only by random fluctuations of the atmospheric heat transport. This short-term natural variability of the atmosphere is shown to be a possible "cause" not only of the variability of the annual world average temperature about its mea ...
a dung beetle in mexico city: the case of
... As most urban areas hold an increasing quantity of dogs (Beck 1975) the daily production of dog excrement is high (Beaver 1975, Saitoh & Itagaki 1990). Urban dung beetles fulfill an important role by eating and scavenging excrements in the cities (Cave 2005, Nichols et al. 2008, Nichols & Gomez 2014 ...
... As most urban areas hold an increasing quantity of dogs (Beck 1975) the daily production of dog excrement is high (Beaver 1975, Saitoh & Itagaki 1990). Urban dung beetles fulfill an important role by eating and scavenging excrements in the cities (Cave 2005, Nichols et al. 2008, Nichols & Gomez 2014 ...
Analysis of winter and summer warming rates in
... Hemisphere, winters are warming much more quickly than summers over the continental surfaces according to the IPCC database. The results using the 100 yr temperature record are similar to those using the 50 yr record, even though only 546 grid cells contain at least 90% available data for the period ...
... Hemisphere, winters are warming much more quickly than summers over the continental surfaces according to the IPCC database. The results using the 100 yr temperature record are similar to those using the 50 yr record, even though only 546 grid cells contain at least 90% available data for the period ...
Effects of Heat Stress on Working Populations when Facing Climate
... in all countries3). High ambient temperature is a leading cause of weather related mortality in many regions of the world and heat exhaustion is the most common response to prolonged exposure to high outdoor temperatures3). As the world gets warmer, populations will acclimatize to some extent, raisi ...
... in all countries3). High ambient temperature is a leading cause of weather related mortality in many regions of the world and heat exhaustion is the most common response to prolonged exposure to high outdoor temperatures3). As the world gets warmer, populations will acclimatize to some extent, raisi ...
Cities: The new frontier
... Cities are the future of the 21st century. More than half the world’s population lives in towns and cities and this proportion will rise to nearly two thirds by 2030. Cities are seats of government and learning, crucibles of culture – art, theatre and music - engines of economic growth, clusters of ...
... Cities are the future of the 21st century. More than half the world’s population lives in towns and cities and this proportion will rise to nearly two thirds by 2030. Cities are seats of government and learning, crucibles of culture – art, theatre and music - engines of economic growth, clusters of ...
1 - QUBES Hub
... plant species (Application) o Describe the ecological consequences of shifting plant and animal phenology (Comprehension) o Understand how interactions between species as well as with their abiotic environment affect community structure and species diversity (Knowledge, Comprehension) o Evaluate dat ...
... plant species (Application) o Describe the ecological consequences of shifting plant and animal phenology (Comprehension) o Understand how interactions between species as well as with their abiotic environment affect community structure and species diversity (Knowledge, Comprehension) o Evaluate dat ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.