On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
How Will Climate Change Affect Marine Ecosystems in Puget Sound?
... of Juan de Fuca, extending to its outlet near Neah Bay. The term “Puget Sound region” is used to describe the entire watershed, including all land areas that ultimately drain into the waters of Pug ...
... of Juan de Fuca, extending to its outlet near Neah Bay. The term “Puget Sound region” is used to describe the entire watershed, including all land areas that ultimately drain into the waters of Pug ...
CO2 short - Digging in the Clay
... In either case the calculated achievable values are in the range of few hundredths to a few thousandths of a degree Centigrade. As the margin of error for temperature measurements is about 1⁰C, these miniscule levels the temperature effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, imm ...
... In either case the calculated achievable values are in the range of few hundredths to a few thousandths of a degree Centigrade. As the margin of error for temperature measurements is about 1⁰C, these miniscule levels the temperature effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, imm ...
Present weather and Climate: Average Conditions
... tions will help improve the prediction of spring emerging understanding. During the winter and runoff timing and volume, as well as projections spring, wind-blown dust from lowland regions of the impacts of climate change on mountain can accumulate in the mountain snowpack (Figsnowpack and ecosystem ...
... tions will help improve the prediction of spring emerging understanding. During the winter and runoff timing and volume, as well as projections spring, wind-blown dust from lowland regions of the impacts of climate change on mountain can accumulate in the mountain snowpack (Figsnowpack and ecosystem ...
policy framework antigua and barbuda
... Global Warming refers to changes in the global climate (increased temperatures which affect other climatic elements) produced by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere through energy production and use, land use patterns, agriculture, industry, and waste management. Climate change also ...
... Global Warming refers to changes in the global climate (increased temperatures which affect other climatic elements) produced by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere through energy production and use, land use patterns, agriculture, industry, and waste management. Climate change also ...
FFESCsynthesisJune7 - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessment of climate change. It builds the scientific foundation, sets international standards, and defines a common vocabulary for climate change science and management. The IPCC began its work in 1988 and r ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessment of climate change. It builds the scientific foundation, sets international standards, and defines a common vocabulary for climate change science and management. The IPCC began its work in 1988 and r ...
Rapid Climate Change Report
... facts. How rapidly can we expect climate change to take place? What does it mean for our lifetime? It is vital that the insurance community has an accurate and balanced understanding which reflects the latest thinking on climate change but which avoids sensationalism. The impact of climate change is ...
... facts. How rapidly can we expect climate change to take place? What does it mean for our lifetime? It is vital that the insurance community has an accurate and balanced understanding which reflects the latest thinking on climate change but which avoids sensationalism. The impact of climate change is ...
Wetland
... The risk of habitat and biodiversity loss due to the combined effects of climate change and fish introductions may be overlooked because these remote ecosystems are understudied. In most montane landscapes, even the most basic information about locations and attributes of individual wetlands is spor ...
... The risk of habitat and biodiversity loss due to the combined effects of climate change and fish introductions may be overlooked because these remote ecosystems are understudied. In most montane landscapes, even the most basic information about locations and attributes of individual wetlands is spor ...
Bo Kjellén - Stockholm Resilience Centre
... Vague commitments on stabilization of emissions of greenhouse gases for industrialized countries at 1990 by 2000, no rules on compliance. Principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities Financial and technical support for developing countries recognized. Institutional and process rules esta ...
... Vague commitments on stabilization of emissions of greenhouse gases for industrialized countries at 1990 by 2000, no rules on compliance. Principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities Financial and technical support for developing countries recognized. Institutional and process rules esta ...
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Marine Resources of the
... However, critical studies are needed to establish whether increased organic matter and fungal activity will translate into greater fungal biomass across a range of ecosystems. Another important question is whether these expected changes in fungal abundance and activity will translate into greater qu ...
... However, critical studies are needed to establish whether increased organic matter and fungal activity will translate into greater fungal biomass across a range of ecosystems. Another important question is whether these expected changes in fungal abundance and activity will translate into greater qu ...
a 2017 national survey of broadcast meteorologists
... of these weathercasters said their viewer feedback is predominantly positive, while another quarter (26%) said that their viewer feedback is mixed “about 50/50.” About one in ten (12%) said their viewer feedback was predominantly negative, but many (28%) said they get very few viewer reactions eithe ...
... of these weathercasters said their viewer feedback is predominantly positive, while another quarter (26%) said that their viewer feedback is mixed “about 50/50.” About one in ten (12%) said their viewer feedback was predominantly negative, but many (28%) said they get very few viewer reactions eithe ...
Less Snow, Less Water: Climate Disruption in the West
... the heat of summer, when everything – people, crops, livestock, lawns, and even power plants – needs water the most. Perversely, most of the West’s precipitation falls in a different place and at a different time. Western precipitation falls mostly in the mountains, not the lowlands. Driven by the w ...
... the heat of summer, when everything – people, crops, livestock, lawns, and even power plants – needs water the most. Perversely, most of the West’s precipitation falls in a different place and at a different time. Western precipitation falls mostly in the mountains, not the lowlands. Driven by the w ...
Amphibians in the climate vice - Ecological Society of America
... The risk of habitat and biodiversity loss due to the combined effects of climate change and fish introductions may be overlooked because these remote ecosystems are understudied. In most montane landscapes, even the most basic information about locations and attributes of individual wetlands is spor ...
... The risk of habitat and biodiversity loss due to the combined effects of climate change and fish introductions may be overlooked because these remote ecosystems are understudied. In most montane landscapes, even the most basic information about locations and attributes of individual wetlands is spor ...
The Millennium Development Goals and Climate Change: Taking
... 1. The last decade was marked by booming globalization galvanizing many development advances. However, structural economic, human and climate crises also showed the downside of the existing path of development especially in the least developed countries and ...
... 1. The last decade was marked by booming globalization galvanizing many development advances. However, structural economic, human and climate crises also showed the downside of the existing path of development especially in the least developed countries and ...
ʻAimalama: E Mauliauhonua – Readapting to Ancestral Knowledge
... konohiki ʻāina (private and government land managers) and mea hoʻokanu (forest restoration). The third theme was Hoʻonaʻauao, educators. This group included teachers from home schools, charter schools, Department of Education, community colleges, University professors, small businesses, federal and ...
... konohiki ʻāina (private and government land managers) and mea hoʻokanu (forest restoration). The third theme was Hoʻonaʻauao, educators. This group included teachers from home schools, charter schools, Department of Education, community colleges, University professors, small businesses, federal and ...
The Role of Water Vapour in Earth`s Energy Flows
... Observations and modelling indicate that column integrated water vapour, averaged over sufficiently large scales, increases approximately exponentially with atmospheric temperature (Raval and Ramanathan 1989) as predicted by (1). The absorption of infra-red radiation by water vapour increases approx ...
... Observations and modelling indicate that column integrated water vapour, averaged over sufficiently large scales, increases approximately exponentially with atmospheric temperature (Raval and Ramanathan 1989) as predicted by (1). The absorption of infra-red radiation by water vapour increases approx ...
The Greatest Challenges of Our Time
... inner forces, specifically from us humans. We have become so numerous and so technically advanced that today we humans are the greatest threat to the ecosystem. The human capacity to utilize, affect, injure and destroy nature has unfortunately increased much faster than our knowledge of how ecologic ...
... inner forces, specifically from us humans. We have become so numerous and so technically advanced that today we humans are the greatest threat to the ecosystem. The human capacity to utilize, affect, injure and destroy nature has unfortunately increased much faster than our knowledge of how ecologic ...
Document
... on a matter of tremendous importance to public health the environment, and indeed life as we know it. The public in countries around the world has become alarmed by the threat that continued emissions of certain man-made chemicals pose to the ozone layer and the global climate. As a reflection of hi ...
... on a matter of tremendous importance to public health the environment, and indeed life as we know it. The public in countries around the world has become alarmed by the threat that continued emissions of certain man-made chemicals pose to the ozone layer and the global climate. As a reflection of hi ...
Environmental Degradation, Social Sin, and the Common Good
... capabilities characterizing some of these communities, they would remain extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and may, therefore, actually see a decline in their economic condition, with a loss of livelihoods and opportunities to maintain even subsistence levels of existence. 43 Pac ...
... capabilities characterizing some of these communities, they would remain extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and may, therefore, actually see a decline in their economic condition, with a loss of livelihoods and opportunities to maintain even subsistence levels of existence. 43 Pac ...
The Denial of Global Warming
... The report made it to the Office of the President, and Lyndon Johnson mentioned it in a Special Message to Congress later that year: “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through . . . a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.”9 ...
... The report made it to the Office of the President, and Lyndon Johnson mentioned it in a Special Message to Congress later that year: “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through . . . a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.”9 ...
Environmental and Climate Justice along the Brahmaputra River in
... hydropower potential than all other river basins in India The countries that make up the Himalayan region have (CEA 2014), 87% of which remains unexploited (CEA plans to build over 400 hydroelectric projects along 2014). This potential is concentrated in the northeastern Himalayan Rivers, transformi ...
... hydropower potential than all other river basins in India The countries that make up the Himalayan region have (CEA 2014), 87% of which remains unexploited (CEA plans to build over 400 hydroelectric projects along 2014). This potential is concentrated in the northeastern Himalayan Rivers, transformi ...
Addressing the assumption of stationarityin statistical bias correction
... bias-correct a climate model that has very strong positive biases in summer due to land-atmosphere feedbacks that take off in the warmest, say, 30 days in each summer, and small biases for other seasons (a scenario that is not uncommon for regional climate models). Further, imagine a volcanoe goes o ...
... bias-correct a climate model that has very strong positive biases in summer due to land-atmosphere feedbacks that take off in the warmest, say, 30 days in each summer, and small biases for other seasons (a scenario that is not uncommon for regional climate models). Further, imagine a volcanoe goes o ...
Infiltrating the Frozen Fortress: the importance of the cryosphere to
... as political, historical, and cultural icons to populations around the world. Mountain ecosystems have reached global priority status due to recognized vulnerability to present and impending climate change. The cryosphere is the frozen part of the earth and includes areas located on and around mount ...
... as political, historical, and cultural icons to populations around the world. Mountain ecosystems have reached global priority status due to recognized vulnerability to present and impending climate change. The cryosphere is the frozen part of the earth and includes areas located on and around mount ...
Will plant movements keep up with climate change?
... conspecific stigma. This could lead to Allee effects from mate limitation at the low-density leading edge of a spreading population [49]. There is also evidence for one group of pollinators, butterflies, that they are not tracking climate change at northern latitudes, which could in turn be related ...
... conspecific stigma. This could lead to Allee effects from mate limitation at the low-density leading edge of a spreading population [49]. There is also evidence for one group of pollinators, butterflies, that they are not tracking climate change at northern latitudes, which could in turn be related ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.