- Wiley Online Library
... variables the signal of anthropogenic change has yet to clearly emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability. [3] So when will the signal emerge? And where and how? These are key questions for adaptation policy and planning in particular. Much attention has focused on the absolute magnitud ...
... variables the signal of anthropogenic change has yet to clearly emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability. [3] So when will the signal emerge? And where and how? These are key questions for adaptation policy and planning in particular. Much attention has focused on the absolute magnitud ...
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... linked through a common oceanic influence and were consistent with greenhouse gas forcing39. Climate fluctuations that we review here are not necessarily anthropogenic. Some proxies representing local climate at different places across the world reveal that the 20th century is probably neither the w ...
... linked through a common oceanic influence and were consistent with greenhouse gas forcing39. Climate fluctuations that we review here are not necessarily anthropogenic. Some proxies representing local climate at different places across the world reveal that the 20th century is probably neither the w ...
article - American Scientist
... the surface of the Earth would not be stopped in its passage out to space with the result that the Earth’s surface would cool rapidly. Fortunately for us, three other gases occur in our atmosphere in relatively minute quantities: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. Unlike the more abundant gases ...
... the surface of the Earth would not be stopped in its passage out to space with the result that the Earth’s surface would cool rapidly. Fortunately for us, three other gases occur in our atmosphere in relatively minute quantities: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. Unlike the more abundant gases ...
China`s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change
... grasslands are of alpine and desert type, and the temperate grasslands in northern China are in danger of degradation and desertification due to the impacts of drought and deterioration of the ecological environment. With a coastline over 18,000 km, China is vulnerable to the adverse effects of sea ...
... grasslands are of alpine and desert type, and the temperate grasslands in northern China are in danger of degradation and desertification due to the impacts of drought and deterioration of the ecological environment. With a coastline over 18,000 km, China is vulnerable to the adverse effects of sea ...
Developing and Implementing Climate Change Adaptation
... paleoecological studies of climate and species distribution, as well as studies reporting trends in tree growth and species composition with recent climate change. Available vegetation and fire model projections, including those from empirical and process-based models, were also considered. More tha ...
... paleoecological studies of climate and species distribution, as well as studies reporting trends in tree growth and species composition with recent climate change. Available vegetation and fire model projections, including those from empirical and process-based models, were also considered. More tha ...
Carbon Disclosure Project Report
... Physical climate change aspects (such as extreme weather events, extreme temperatures and changes in precipitation) and regulatory climate change aspects (such as the imminent carbon tax and increased fossil fuel prices) have also influenced the strategy. Group Five’s long term contracts are careful ...
... Physical climate change aspects (such as extreme weather events, extreme temperatures and changes in precipitation) and regulatory climate change aspects (such as the imminent carbon tax and increased fossil fuel prices) have also influenced the strategy. Group Five’s long term contracts are careful ...
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... We build on the earlier study by Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997, henceforth referred to as TFK). They used the GTAP general equilibrium model of world trade and production (Hertel and Tsigas 1997) to assess the consequences of the crop productivity changes owing to a doubling of C02 in the atmosphe ...
... We build on the earlier study by Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997, henceforth referred to as TFK). They used the GTAP general equilibrium model of world trade and production (Hertel and Tsigas 1997) to assess the consequences of the crop productivity changes owing to a doubling of C02 in the atmosphe ...
Global Warming - Atmospheric Aerosol Group
... peer-review process explicitly endorsed the key chapter. ...
... peer-review process explicitly endorsed the key chapter. ...
emissions - Alan Robock
... addition to the conventional potential responses of mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation [IPCC, 2007c]. While originally suggested by Budyko [1974, 1977], Dickinson [1996], and many others (see Robock et al. [2008] and Rasch et al. [2008a] for a comprehensive list), Crutzen [2006] and Wigl ...
... addition to the conventional potential responses of mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation [IPCC, 2007c]. While originally suggested by Budyko [1974, 1977], Dickinson [1996], and many others (see Robock et al. [2008] and Rasch et al. [2008a] for a comprehensive list), Crutzen [2006] and Wigl ...
Business development meeting
... • Very low confidence that annual and seasonal rainfall totals have changed in either direction over the past 50 years, but also very low confidence that there has been no change; • Very low confidence regarding changes in rainfall extremes (due to limited evidence & rarity of such events); • High c ...
... • Very low confidence that annual and seasonal rainfall totals have changed in either direction over the past 50 years, but also very low confidence that there has been no change; • Very low confidence regarding changes in rainfall extremes (due to limited evidence & rarity of such events); • High c ...
Combined speeds of climate and land
... contemporary spatial patterns. The spatial patterns of our projected future climate velocities closely resemble those for historic climate velocities in the US5 , highlighting the importance of topographic controls on climate velocity. The projected velocities and speeds that we report are higher th ...
... contemporary spatial patterns. The spatial patterns of our projected future climate velocities closely resemble those for historic climate velocities in the US5 , highlighting the importance of topographic controls on climate velocity. The projected velocities and speeds that we report are higher th ...
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... policymaking.6 Cost-benefit analysis is the explicit balancing of the costs of a policy against its benefits. It is through this explicit balancing that cost-benefit analysis is able to provide both a greenhouse gas goal and a mechanism by which to choose among approaches to attain the goal. In cont ...
... policymaking.6 Cost-benefit analysis is the explicit balancing of the costs of a policy against its benefits. It is through this explicit balancing that cost-benefit analysis is able to provide both a greenhouse gas goal and a mechanism by which to choose among approaches to attain the goal. In cont ...
National contributions to observed global warming
... national climate contributions due to non-CO2 gases represents a mixture of industrial and agricultural sources of emissions, with the result that current areas of extensive agricultural production in the developing world emerge as large contributors alongside more developed countries. Finally, the ...
... national climate contributions due to non-CO2 gases represents a mixture of industrial and agricultural sources of emissions, with the result that current areas of extensive agricultural production in the developing world emerge as large contributors alongside more developed countries. Finally, the ...
Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for
... Lara J Hansen7, Jessica J Hellmann8, Joshua J Lawler9, Erik J Nelson10, and Amber Pairis11 The emerging field of climate-change adaptation has experienced a dramatic increase in attention as the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems have become more evident. Preparing for and addr ...
... Lara J Hansen7, Jessica J Hellmann8, Joshua J Lawler9, Erik J Nelson10, and Amber Pairis11 The emerging field of climate-change adaptation has experienced a dramatic increase in attention as the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems have become more evident. Preparing for and addr ...
Buckley CV - University of Washington
... Tcheng D, Toomey M, Vargas R, Voordeckers JW, Wagner T, Williams JW. 2014. Approaches to advance scientific understanding of macrosystems ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 15-23. (Special issue on macrosystems ecology) 37. Buckley LB, Tewksbury JJ, and Deutsch CA. 2013. Can organ ...
... Tcheng D, Toomey M, Vargas R, Voordeckers JW, Wagner T, Williams JW. 2014. Approaches to advance scientific understanding of macrosystems ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 15-23. (Special issue on macrosystems ecology) 37. Buckley LB, Tewksbury JJ, and Deutsch CA. 2013. Can organ ...
Interactions between climate and desertification
... Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Of the various anthropogenic actions that these initiatives address, desertification is perhaps the most visible as it affects more human lives than other anthropogenic actions. According to UNSO (1997), drylands are inhabited by approximately two billion people globa ...
... Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Of the various anthropogenic actions that these initiatives address, desertification is perhaps the most visible as it affects more human lives than other anthropogenic actions. According to UNSO (1997), drylands are inhabited by approximately two billion people globa ...
Managing water in the MDB under a variable and changing climate
... interval for the Basin Plan and a five-year review interval for the other two plans. These reviews will be informed by the results of monitoring and evaluation, investigations into the impacts of climate change on water resources, and state assessments of water resource plan performance under extrem ...
... interval for the Basin Plan and a five-year review interval for the other two plans. These reviews will be informed by the results of monitoring and evaluation, investigations into the impacts of climate change on water resources, and state assessments of water resource plan performance under extrem ...
An Initial Look at DoD`s Activities Toward Climate Change Resiliency
... were placed together and not in strict chronological order). Because DoDD 4715.21, “Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience,” January 14, 2016 provides a roadmap to the responsibilities and activities of the entire DoD, Appendix A arrays DoDD 4715.21 by organization and functional focus as a way of ...
... were placed together and not in strict chronological order). Because DoDD 4715.21, “Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience,” January 14, 2016 provides a roadmap to the responsibilities and activities of the entire DoD, Appendix A arrays DoDD 4715.21 by organization and functional focus as a way of ...
Ocean of Grass: A Conservation Assessment for the Northern Great
... recommended climate change adaptation principles. These stressors may include invasive species, habitat fragmentation, pollution, loss of habitat, disease, alteration of aquatic regimes, as well as many others. Removal of stressors that are exacerbated by climate change may be especially important, ...
... recommended climate change adaptation principles. These stressors may include invasive species, habitat fragmentation, pollution, loss of habitat, disease, alteration of aquatic regimes, as well as many others. Removal of stressors that are exacerbated by climate change may be especially important, ...
Climate Security and Justice for Small Island Developing States
... topic held on March 18, 2014 in The Hague, under the Chatham House Rule (see annex II for list of participants). Their generous contributions during and after the discussion helped shape this brief and its agenda for action. The responsibility for what appears in this final brief rests with the autho ...
... topic held on March 18, 2014 in The Hague, under the Chatham House Rule (see annex II for list of participants). Their generous contributions during and after the discussion helped shape this brief and its agenda for action. The responsibility for what appears in this final brief rests with the autho ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
Tuesday 1 December Wednesday 2 December
... Presentation of the Red River study (financed by AFD) at the Climate Change Adaptation side event (Blue Zone, Vietnam Pavilion) ...
... Presentation of the Red River study (financed by AFD) at the Climate Change Adaptation side event (Blue Zone, Vietnam Pavilion) ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
... PDF, which of necessity is largely subjective and relatively diffuse. As a recent Science commentary put it: “Once the world has warmed by 4°C, conditions will be so different from anything we can observe today (and still more different from the last ice age) that it is inherently hard to say where ...
United Nations Development Programme
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.