Republic of Guatemala
... preparation of funding proposals to be presented to the Fund in 2016 and 2017; it will also allow country authorities to identify opportunities to facilitate direct access to GCF resources. The Government of Guatemala has also identified important gaps in the compilation of lessons learned from the ...
... preparation of funding proposals to be presented to the Fund in 2016 and 2017; it will also allow country authorities to identify opportunities to facilitate direct access to GCF resources. The Government of Guatemala has also identified important gaps in the compilation of lessons learned from the ...
Multi-hazard assessment in Europe under climate change
... (Kreibich et al. 2014). The hazard to society and environment will be largely connected to changes in extreme climate events due to their disproportionate rise compared to the corresponding change in climatological averages (Rummukainen 2012). Threats will be more pronounced in areas prone to multip ...
... (Kreibich et al. 2014). The hazard to society and environment will be largely connected to changes in extreme climate events due to their disproportionate rise compared to the corresponding change in climatological averages (Rummukainen 2012). Threats will be more pronounced in areas prone to multip ...
Carbon Accounting and Management
... What is Carbon Footprint? • A „carbon footprint‟ measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by a person, ...
... What is Carbon Footprint? • A „carbon footprint‟ measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by a person, ...
Trees and Climate Change
... inevitable due to past emissions. • We can expect a further rise in temperature of 2°C (above the 1961 to 1990 baseline) by 2100 even if we decrease our carbon dioxide emissions dramatically. • If no action is taken now, the rise in temperature could be as high as 7°C by 2100. • The growing season h ...
... inevitable due to past emissions. • We can expect a further rise in temperature of 2°C (above the 1961 to 1990 baseline) by 2100 even if we decrease our carbon dioxide emissions dramatically. • If no action is taken now, the rise in temperature could be as high as 7°C by 2100. • The growing season h ...
Vol.11, No.1, 2011
... happen to this threshold for convection as global temperatures rise? If the threshold were to stay around 27°C, then the region of the ocean surface characterized by deep convection would expand as climate warms. A definitive answer has eluded scientists because reported measurements of the tropical ...
... happen to this threshold for convection as global temperatures rise? If the threshold were to stay around 27°C, then the region of the ocean surface characterized by deep convection would expand as climate warms. A definitive answer has eluded scientists because reported measurements of the tropical ...
Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Coastal Zone Management
... gases could lead to the development of alternative renewable energy sources some of which could be generated along the coast from tides, waves or wind. Much of the nation’s coastal resources have already been destroyed, damaged or over-exploited to accommodate a growing population and their economic ...
... gases could lead to the development of alternative renewable energy sources some of which could be generated along the coast from tides, waves or wind. Much of the nation’s coastal resources have already been destroyed, damaged or over-exploited to accommodate a growing population and their economic ...
Mathematics of Climate Change - Library
... possibilities rather than a single magic number. Be that as it may, accurate and reliable prediction of global climate change is a key to policy making. It is clear that policies should be based on predictions that are built on a sound foundation. Mathematical scientists need to get involved, becaus ...
... possibilities rather than a single magic number. Be that as it may, accurate and reliable prediction of global climate change is a key to policy making. It is clear that policies should be based on predictions that are built on a sound foundation. Mathematical scientists need to get involved, becaus ...
Climate Change and Its Impacts - National Center for Policy Analysis
... problems with the data, computer models are limited by our incomplete understanding of how the Earth’s climate responds to a variety of external forces. They are also limited by the speed and capabilities of contemporary computers.9 As a result, they do not accurately describe the current climate an ...
... problems with the data, computer models are limited by our incomplete understanding of how the Earth’s climate responds to a variety of external forces. They are also limited by the speed and capabilities of contemporary computers.9 As a result, they do not accurately describe the current climate an ...
ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DEPARTEMENT D`ECONOMIE
... times to come again. However, these droughts usually last a short period of time and are therefore only transitory. One would expect that areas where irreversible changes in the climate lead to a permanently higher level of aridity would not see return migration. This is supported two-folded by Henr ...
... times to come again. However, these droughts usually last a short period of time and are therefore only transitory. One would expect that areas where irreversible changes in the climate lead to a permanently higher level of aridity would not see return migration. This is supported two-folded by Henr ...
Special Report on Emission Scenario’s
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Returning global energy-related ...
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Returning global energy-related ...
THE DURBAN PLATFORM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR A 2015 AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL
... Legal agreements – International legal agreements such as treaties, protocols, and amendments are subject to the rule of pacta sunt servanda (promises must be kept) and give rise to international legal responsibility if they are violated. In that sense, they are binding under international law, even ...
... Legal agreements – International legal agreements such as treaties, protocols, and amendments are subject to the rule of pacta sunt servanda (promises must be kept) and give rise to international legal responsibility if they are violated. In that sense, they are binding under international law, even ...
Climate Risk Assessment for Water Resources
... The CRA initiative is prudent because of a history of marked climate variability with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Archival records show evidence of a regional, multi-decadal drought between 1738 and 1756, centered on the Great Bend of the River Niger but extending far south ...
... The CRA initiative is prudent because of a history of marked climate variability with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Archival records show evidence of a regional, multi-decadal drought between 1738 and 1756, centered on the Great Bend of the River Niger but extending far south ...
Pinus halepensis Plasticity in Dendroclimatic Response across the )
... generally higher and precipitation lower than the regional average, reduced growth was also associated with warm and dry conditions. In the northern part, where the average temperature was lower and the precipitation more abundant than the regional average, reduced growth was associated with cool co ...
... generally higher and precipitation lower than the regional average, reduced growth was also associated with warm and dry conditions. In the northern part, where the average temperature was lower and the precipitation more abundant than the regional average, reduced growth was associated with cool co ...
ILEAPS presentation
... • The projected enhancement of To variability in Central and Eastern Europe is mostly due to changes in land-atmosphere coupling • Climate change creates a new hot spot of soil moisture - To coupling in Central and Eastern Europe in the future climate (shift of climate regimes): Dynamic feature of t ...
... • The projected enhancement of To variability in Central and Eastern Europe is mostly due to changes in land-atmosphere coupling • Climate change creates a new hot spot of soil moisture - To coupling in Central and Eastern Europe in the future climate (shift of climate regimes): Dynamic feature of t ...
Public views on climate change: European and USA Perspectives
... these tensions when he recently stated that there is “no bigger long-term question facing the global community” than climate change (BBC, 2004), whilst emphasising the need for collective action. In other words, there is an overall acknowledgement that achieving practical steps to address climate ch ...
... these tensions when he recently stated that there is “no bigger long-term question facing the global community” than climate change (BBC, 2004), whilst emphasising the need for collective action. In other words, there is an overall acknowledgement that achieving practical steps to address climate ch ...
Viticultureclimate relationships in Greece: the impacts
... analysis (PCA here after) was used initially, in S-mode, on the long-term mean climate (1975–2004) of 46 weather stations (including the eight vineyard regions) across Greece in order to (1) depict the spatial characteristics of the climate patterns over Greece and (2) use the components of the PCA ...
... analysis (PCA here after) was used initially, in S-mode, on the long-term mean climate (1975–2004) of 46 weather stations (including the eight vineyard regions) across Greece in order to (1) depict the spatial characteristics of the climate patterns over Greece and (2) use the components of the PCA ...
The impacts of climate change on human rights and forced migration
... in Bangladesh through the perspective of vulnerable communities, whose testimonies were documented by EJF. It provides evidence that climate change poses a severe and, at times, immediate threat to human rights and that intervention is urgently required. • Human activities have relea ...
... in Bangladesh through the perspective of vulnerable communities, whose testimonies were documented by EJF. It provides evidence that climate change poses a severe and, at times, immediate threat to human rights and that intervention is urgently required. • Human activities have relea ...
Paper_Kennedy
... Regulation encompasses any means of social control and behaviour modification, whether coming directly or indirectly from the state or through limits imposed by private parties. ...
... Regulation encompasses any means of social control and behaviour modification, whether coming directly or indirectly from the state or through limits imposed by private parties. ...
The Science of Climate Change, Questions and Answers
... atmospheric warming on water vapour, cloud cover, ocean warming and circulation feedback can be described and quantified in a coherent and integrated theory. It is these feedbacks and interactions that make it difficult to realistically quantify the uncertainty in the outputs of climate models at le ...
... atmospheric warming on water vapour, cloud cover, ocean warming and circulation feedback can be described and quantified in a coherent and integrated theory. It is these feedbacks and interactions that make it difficult to realistically quantify the uncertainty in the outputs of climate models at le ...
Towards Adaptive Spatial Planning for Climate Change
... principles that structure spatial planning, the governance of actual planning processes and the arrangements to distribute costs and benefits of spatial investments. Spatial planning refers to the strategies and methods used by governmental agencies—sometimes in close cooperation with private actors ...
... principles that structure spatial planning, the governance of actual planning processes and the arrangements to distribute costs and benefits of spatial investments. Spatial planning refers to the strategies and methods used by governmental agencies—sometimes in close cooperation with private actors ...
Greenhouse Effect - Stephen Schneider
... emissions could initially provide a bonus by allowing the reduction of the airborne fraction, whereas increasing CO2 emissions could increase the airborne fraction and exacerbate the greenhouse effect (22). However, this bonus might last only a decade or so, which is the time it takes for the upper ...
... emissions could initially provide a bonus by allowing the reduction of the airborne fraction, whereas increasing CO2 emissions could increase the airborne fraction and exacerbate the greenhouse effect (22). However, this bonus might last only a decade or so, which is the time it takes for the upper ...
Why Hasn`t Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?
... Climate Change (IPCC). Possible reasons for this warming discrepancy are systematically examined here. The warming discrepancy is found to be due mainly to some combination of two factors: the IPCC best estimate of climate sensitivity being too high and/or the greenhouse gas forcing being partially ...
... Climate Change (IPCC). Possible reasons for this warming discrepancy are systematically examined here. The warming discrepancy is found to be due mainly to some combination of two factors: the IPCC best estimate of climate sensitivity being too high and/or the greenhouse gas forcing being partially ...
Robustness of pattern scaled climate change scenarios for adaptation decision support
... in combination with some downscaling/weather generator method generates the information needed at “decision relevant” scales [26]. This paper addresses directly some of the questions possed by Moss et al [26, 25]. In their work the authors state that it is necessary to evaluate “whether the results ...
... in combination with some downscaling/weather generator method generates the information needed at “decision relevant” scales [26]. This paper addresses directly some of the questions possed by Moss et al [26, 25]. In their work the authors state that it is necessary to evaluate “whether the results ...
climate and construction - Development Alternatives
... common roofing technique for construction of flat roofs. There are some very early stage policy related developments in the state which aim to promote cost-effective and environment friendly building technologies in rural areas, primarily under the Chief Minister Rural Housing Mission. Water managem ...
... common roofing technique for construction of flat roofs. There are some very early stage policy related developments in the state which aim to promote cost-effective and environment friendly building technologies in rural areas, primarily under the Chief Minister Rural Housing Mission. Water managem ...
article - American Scientist
... the surface of the Earth would not be stopped in its passage out to space with the result that the Earth’s surface would cool rapidly. Fortunately for us, three other gases occur in our atmosphere in relatively minute quantities: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. Unlike the more abundant gases ...
... the surface of the Earth would not be stopped in its passage out to space with the result that the Earth’s surface would cool rapidly. Fortunately for us, three other gases occur in our atmosphere in relatively minute quantities: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. Unlike the more abundant gases ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.