Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability
... Calculation of priorities /weights as well as determination of consistency of judgements were done using the softwares, Super Decisions 2.0.8 and Expert Choice (trial version). ...
... Calculation of priorities /weights as well as determination of consistency of judgements were done using the softwares, Super Decisions 2.0.8 and Expert Choice (trial version). ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... Greenhouse gases effectively absorb infrared radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself due to the same gases, and by clouds. Atmospheric radiation is emitted to all sides, including downward to the Earth’s surface. Thus greenhouse gases trap heat within the surfacetroposphe ...
... Greenhouse gases effectively absorb infrared radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself due to the same gases, and by clouds. Atmospheric radiation is emitted to all sides, including downward to the Earth’s surface. Thus greenhouse gases trap heat within the surfacetroposphe ...
Climate risks and their impact on agriculture and forests in Switzerland
... risk of windthrow. Some possible measures to maintain goods and services of agricultural and forest ecosystems are mentioned, but it is suggested that more frequent extremes may have more severe consequences than progressive changes in means. In order to effectively decrease the risk for social and ...
... risk of windthrow. Some possible measures to maintain goods and services of agricultural and forest ecosystems are mentioned, but it is suggested that more frequent extremes may have more severe consequences than progressive changes in means. In order to effectively decrease the risk for social and ...
Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?
... ‘‘worst-case scenario’’ has in fact been realized (Allison et al., 2009, p. 9; see also Nakicenovic et al., 2000), for the decade before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting ...
... ‘‘worst-case scenario’’ has in fact been realized (Allison et al., 2009, p. 9; see also Nakicenovic et al., 2000), for the decade before the global financial disruption. Some people have pointed out that the emissions projections were not meant to be reliable in the short term, but it is interesting ...
Greenhouse gas emissions: Risks and challenges for
... impacted sectors, which is typically the companies that sit in investors’ equity and fixed interest portfolios. Meanwhile, the companies that will benefit from the disruption may currently be small but they will be the future major index companies. In parallel to policy initiatives, investors are un ...
... impacted sectors, which is typically the companies that sit in investors’ equity and fixed interest portfolios. Meanwhile, the companies that will benefit from the disruption may currently be small but they will be the future major index companies. In parallel to policy initiatives, investors are un ...
Farmers and Climate Change: A Cross
... farmers’ beliefs and concerns about climate change influence their adaptation and mitigation behaviors (Arbuckle et al. 2013; Haden et al. 2012). It is known that propensity to act in response to potential natural hazards can depend largely on beliefs about the existence of the hazard and the percep ...
... farmers’ beliefs and concerns about climate change influence their adaptation and mitigation behaviors (Arbuckle et al. 2013; Haden et al. 2012). It is known that propensity to act in response to potential natural hazards can depend largely on beliefs about the existence of the hazard and the percep ...
Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Aircraft
... warming pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to protect biological diversity, the environment, and public health. The Center has successfully petitioned for the first listings of global-warming threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, including the polar bear and the st ...
... warming pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to protect biological diversity, the environment, and public health. The Center has successfully petitioned for the first listings of global-warming threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, including the polar bear and the st ...
Global Responsibilities: Ethics, Public Health, and Global
... 15. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, supra note 11. 16. CLIMATE CHANGE 1995: THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: CONTRIBUTION OF WORKING GROuPITOTHE SECOND ASSESSMENT REPORT OFTHEINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE ...
... 15. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, supra note 11. 16. CLIMATE CHANGE 1995: THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: CONTRIBUTION OF WORKING GROuPITOTHE SECOND ASSESSMENT REPORT OFTHEINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE ...
The Social Cost of Carbon
... has focused on the costs of mitigation, but there is an increasing interest in the economic costs (social costs) of climate change. In the UK, these are usually referred to as the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), and can be used to assess the economic benefits of climate change policy. The Social Cost o ...
... has focused on the costs of mitigation, but there is an increasing interest in the economic costs (social costs) of climate change. In the UK, these are usually referred to as the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), and can be used to assess the economic benefits of climate change policy. The Social Cost o ...
Health Climate Change impacts report card technical paper
... environment, fomite and aerosol. Least important were direct contact and sexual transmission. The most frequent climate drivers were rainfall, moisture and temperature; less frequent, but still important, were particulate matter (dust), extreme weather events, wind and large-scale oscillations (such ...
... environment, fomite and aerosol. Least important were direct contact and sexual transmission. The most frequent climate drivers were rainfall, moisture and temperature; less frequent, but still important, were particulate matter (dust), extreme weather events, wind and large-scale oscillations (such ...
Long-term changes in climate and insect damage
... Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic signifi cance of climate change is widely r ...
... Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic signifi cance of climate change is widely r ...
Antagonism, The Commons and Solidarity
... are framed, positioned and articulated. In short, climate justice “brings people into an antagonistic relation with capital” especially through “the active creation of different ways of organising existence” (Building Bridges Collective, 2010: 83) Our three key arguments are as follows. First, it is ...
... are framed, positioned and articulated. In short, climate justice “brings people into an antagonistic relation with capital” especially through “the active creation of different ways of organising existence” (Building Bridges Collective, 2010: 83) Our three key arguments are as follows. First, it is ...
Food and Agriculture on the Sidelines: A
... greenhouse gas emissions2, notes the contribution of agriculture to climate change, and proposes ways for agriculture to be rolled into climate policy. On an international scale, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – which is the global leader in compiling scientific research on cl ...
... greenhouse gas emissions2, notes the contribution of agriculture to climate change, and proposes ways for agriculture to be rolled into climate policy. On an international scale, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – which is the global leader in compiling scientific research on cl ...
Forced displacement in the context of climate change
... While States cannot be held responsible for disasters that occur, they have a duty to take all possible measures to protect the lives of their populations. As already mentioned, the right to life and other relevant human rights create positive obligations on States to take appropriate steps to safeg ...
... While States cannot be held responsible for disasters that occur, they have a duty to take all possible measures to protect the lives of their populations. As already mentioned, the right to life and other relevant human rights create positive obligations on States to take appropriate steps to safeg ...
LEARN ABOUT… Climate change and ozone depletion
... mid-October. Air masses are isolated within a stratospheric vortex caused by circulating winds that are driven by large temperature differences between outside and inside the Antarctic area. Temperatures within the stratospheric Antarctic vortex are well under the threshold of formation of PSCs, whi ...
... mid-October. Air masses are isolated within a stratospheric vortex caused by circulating winds that are driven by large temperature differences between outside and inside the Antarctic area. Temperatures within the stratospheric Antarctic vortex are well under the threshold of formation of PSCs, whi ...
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
... degree centigrade by 2100. If we take aggressive action to reduce emissions, the temperature change could be modest. If we continue on our present course, however, the amount of change will be substantial. Most experts agree that the changes are anthropogenic — caused by humans — largely from emissi ...
... degree centigrade by 2100. If we take aggressive action to reduce emissions, the temperature change could be modest. If we continue on our present course, however, the amount of change will be substantial. Most experts agree that the changes are anthropogenic — caused by humans — largely from emissi ...
Vulnerability to climate change and sea
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
Download the full paper
... a¤ecting the ecosystem evolution. This is close to the concept of uncertainty as introduced by Knight (1921) to represent a situation in which probabilities cannot be assigned to events because there is ignorance insu¢ cient information. Knight argued that uncertainty in this sense of unmeasurable u ...
... a¤ecting the ecosystem evolution. This is close to the concept of uncertainty as introduced by Knight (1921) to represent a situation in which probabilities cannot be assigned to events because there is ignorance insu¢ cient information. Knight argued that uncertainty in this sense of unmeasurable u ...
crTanzania - University of York File Library
... Agriculture is by far Tanzania's most important economic sector, in terms of both employment provision and contribution to GDP. Unfortunately, the large degree of dependency on this sector renders the Tanzanian economy particularly vulnerable to climate change. Regional predictions indicate that Tan ...
... Agriculture is by far Tanzania's most important economic sector, in terms of both employment provision and contribution to GDP. Unfortunately, the large degree of dependency on this sector renders the Tanzanian economy particularly vulnerable to climate change. Regional predictions indicate that Tan ...
Carbon sequestration as an integral part of watershed management
... potential marketability of the sequestered carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is good for the soil quality, both at short-term and long-term. It is a cost-effective and environmentallyfriendly process that can be achieved through land management practices adapted to specific land uses. Once sequester ...
... potential marketability of the sequestered carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is good for the soil quality, both at short-term and long-term. It is a cost-effective and environmentallyfriendly process that can be achieved through land management practices adapted to specific land uses. Once sequester ...
Dealing with reality - Oxford Academic
... vote-winning proposition in countries facing unemployment rates of 8 per cent, such as the USA.6 It is also very different from the economic circumstances that prevailed when the UNFCCC was agreed. Of course, the UNFCCC does not oblige a country like the USA to help China in particular, and there a ...
... vote-winning proposition in countries facing unemployment rates of 8 per cent, such as the USA.6 It is also very different from the economic circumstances that prevailed when the UNFCCC was agreed. Of course, the UNFCCC does not oblige a country like the USA to help China in particular, and there a ...
Climate Change and Geohazards in South West England
... have also been postulated to exist. The main known cause of present-day irradiance variability is the presence of sunspots and faculae on the Sun’s disc: respectively, dark regions with locally depleted radiation, and bright regions with locally enhanced radiation (Solomon et al., 2007). Larger numb ...
... have also been postulated to exist. The main known cause of present-day irradiance variability is the presence of sunspots and faculae on the Sun’s disc: respectively, dark regions with locally depleted radiation, and bright regions with locally enhanced radiation (Solomon et al., 2007). Larger numb ...
Agroclimatic conditions in China under climate change scenarios
... period in tandem with the rising temperatures during the crop growing season, which may lead to increase in multi-cropping opportunities at high latitudes and thus advance the total potential output per unit of cropland. However, the results show that the Southwest China will experience a significan ...
... period in tandem with the rising temperatures during the crop growing season, which may lead to increase in multi-cropping opportunities at high latitudes and thus advance the total potential output per unit of cropland. However, the results show that the Southwest China will experience a significan ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... approximately $77 billion of budget authority available to federal agencies from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the iden ...
... approximately $77 billion of budget authority available to federal agencies from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the iden ...
Disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: Are we
... in a development context (e.g. Shea, 2001; UNDP, 2004; DFID, 2005; Schipper and Pelling, 2006; UNFCCC, 2007). It would therefore appear more effective, financially and otherwise, to embed CCA within existing DRR tools. This is as opposed to developing tools and methodologies for CCA separately and i ...
... in a development context (e.g. Shea, 2001; UNDP, 2004; DFID, 2005; Schipper and Pelling, 2006; UNFCCC, 2007). It would therefore appear more effective, financially and otherwise, to embed CCA within existing DRR tools. This is as opposed to developing tools and methodologies for CCA separately and i ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.