LCCARL265_en.pdf
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
Extension Agents` Awareness of Climate Change in
... capacity, weak institutions and lack of awareness as reasons for the high vulnerability of Ethiopia. According to Funk et al. (2012) fast population growth and the expansion of farming and pastoralism under a drier, warmer climate could considerably increase the number of at-risk people in Ethiopia. ...
... capacity, weak institutions and lack of awareness as reasons for the high vulnerability of Ethiopia. According to Funk et al. (2012) fast population growth and the expansion of farming and pastoralism under a drier, warmer climate could considerably increase the number of at-risk people in Ethiopia. ...
Author's personal copy On the use
... actions to take in the face of climate challenges. But in making the intangible tangible, climate imagery can also paralyse and demobilise. In making climate change meaningful through imagery, communications can act to increase or decrease peoples’ sense of both issue salience (whether climate chang ...
... actions to take in the face of climate challenges. But in making the intangible tangible, climate imagery can also paralyse and demobilise. In making climate change meaningful through imagery, communications can act to increase or decrease peoples’ sense of both issue salience (whether climate chang ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are responsible for 55-60% of anthropogenic radiative forcing.1 Fast and aggressive CO2 mitigation is therefore essential to combat the resulting climate change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutan ...
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are responsible for 55-60% of anthropogenic radiative forcing.1 Fast and aggressive CO2 mitigation is therefore essential to combat the resulting climate change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutan ...
The role of the global ocean in changes of the Earth`s climate system
... data set and flux products with the scientific community, and to enable easy intercomparison between products and observations. Perform a feasibility study to evaluate the quality, consistency, accuracies and sources of uncertainties of the various flux products. Coordinating with relevant partn ...
... data set and flux products with the scientific community, and to enable easy intercomparison between products and observations. Perform a feasibility study to evaluate the quality, consistency, accuracies and sources of uncertainties of the various flux products. Coordinating with relevant partn ...
Template: Tribal Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... Identified, evaluated and selected goals and actions to prepare for climate change impacts. As you write the plan, keep in mind: The template can be used for a high-level, risk-based strategic climate change adaptation plan addressing multiple sectors, or modified for a plan focusing on just a few ...
... Identified, evaluated and selected goals and actions to prepare for climate change impacts. As you write the plan, keep in mind: The template can be used for a high-level, risk-based strategic climate change adaptation plan addressing multiple sectors, or modified for a plan focusing on just a few ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... 3.2.1 Agriculture and cattle The major culture of exportation are cocoa, coffee and coconut and for consumption, like banana, fruit bread, palm tree for oil production and maize. The rentability of the exportation culture is decreasing from 1961 to attend lowest level the last years. The main reason ...
... 3.2.1 Agriculture and cattle The major culture of exportation are cocoa, coffee and coconut and for consumption, like banana, fruit bread, palm tree for oil production and maize. The rentability of the exportation culture is decreasing from 1961 to attend lowest level the last years. The main reason ...
Probability in the attribution and prediction of climate change
... So, we cannot estimate the risks associated with a given stabilisation CO2 concentration. But we can estimate the range of transient changes expected over the coming decades, and … We can also estimate the effort required to hit a given temperature target. Sometimes, admission of ignorance is the mo ...
... So, we cannot estimate the risks associated with a given stabilisation CO2 concentration. But we can estimate the range of transient changes expected over the coming decades, and … We can also estimate the effort required to hit a given temperature target. Sometimes, admission of ignorance is the mo ...
Climate change: impacts on electricity markets in Western Europe
... conditions and water availability for cooling of power plants. First, demand for electricity is affected by temperature changes. Typically, warmer summers lead to increased demand for electricity-based cooling, whereas higher temperatures in the winter decrease demand for electric heating. While the ...
... conditions and water availability for cooling of power plants. First, demand for electricity is affected by temperature changes. Typically, warmer summers lead to increased demand for electricity-based cooling, whereas higher temperatures in the winter decrease demand for electric heating. While the ...
Climate Change and Mortality: Feedback from Populations Issues
... of risk fueled by exposure and socio-economic vulnerability”. It is the current scientific consensus that climate change has occurred since the industrial revolution began and will continue to affect the atmosphere and oceans over the next several centuries. This has primarily been due to an increas ...
... of risk fueled by exposure and socio-economic vulnerability”. It is the current scientific consensus that climate change has occurred since the industrial revolution began and will continue to affect the atmosphere and oceans over the next several centuries. This has primarily been due to an increas ...
Report
... solutions to help natural resources adapt to climate change mostly have to do with reducing the stress placed on them by people. Infrastructure development fragments habitats and reduces species’ ability to move; migration corridors would help remedy this fragmentation. Wetlands degraded by pollutio ...
... solutions to help natural resources adapt to climate change mostly have to do with reducing the stress placed on them by people. Infrastructure development fragments habitats and reduces species’ ability to move; migration corridors would help remedy this fragmentation. Wetlands degraded by pollutio ...
high confidence
... Adaptation can prevent most of the projected damages [high confidence – based on medium evidence, high agreement] but there may be constraints to building flood defences in some areas Direct economic river flood damages have increased over recent decades [high confidence] but this increase is due to ...
... Adaptation can prevent most of the projected damages [high confidence – based on medium evidence, high agreement] but there may be constraints to building flood defences in some areas Direct economic river flood damages have increased over recent decades [high confidence] but this increase is due to ...
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
... possibly, threats to biodiversity. But adaptive measures focused specifically on reducing vulnerability to climate sensitive threats would reduce cumulative mortality by 50–75 percent at a fraction of the Kyoto Protocol’s cost without adding to risks from water stress or to biodiversity. Such “focus ...
... possibly, threats to biodiversity. But adaptive measures focused specifically on reducing vulnerability to climate sensitive threats would reduce cumulative mortality by 50–75 percent at a fraction of the Kyoto Protocol’s cost without adding to risks from water stress or to biodiversity. Such “focus ...
2000-2100 CO 2 e
... Significant ‘pain’ & many losers 4°C is not ‘business as usual’ - but all orthodox reduction in place & successful Adaptation agenda needs completely rewriting ...
... Significant ‘pain’ & many losers 4°C is not ‘business as usual’ - but all orthodox reduction in place & successful Adaptation agenda needs completely rewriting ...
Full-Text - MDPI.com
... profited from deforestation—what Sprinz and Weiss [8] call ―polluter interests‖—also held an intransigent position on commitments and deforestation. However, the emergence of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and other compensation mechanisms for avoided deforestatio ...
... profited from deforestation—what Sprinz and Weiss [8] call ―polluter interests‖—also held an intransigent position on commitments and deforestation. However, the emergence of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and other compensation mechanisms for avoided deforestatio ...
Print Version
... The quality of predictive climate information depends on the quality of models. Models are far from perfect in their discretized, parameterized representation of the climate system. Long-term commitment of resources to model and assimilation system development will pay off with improved climate info ...
... The quality of predictive climate information depends on the quality of models. Models are far from perfect in their discretized, parameterized representation of the climate system. Long-term commitment of resources to model and assimilation system development will pay off with improved climate info ...
PDF
... Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research Robert N. Stavins, Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School, University Fellow, Resources for the Future, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research Summary Emissions of greenhouse gases linked w ...
... Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research Robert N. Stavins, Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School, University Fellow, Resources for the Future, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research Summary Emissions of greenhouse gases linked w ...
Downscaling reveals diverse effects of anthropogenic
... and parasite biology are strongly affected by patterns of daily temperature fluctuation in addition to mean conditions (Paaijmans et al. 2009, 2010). Climate model (coupled Atmosphere–ocean General Circulation Model) simulation data are available and can be used for projecting potential climate chan ...
... and parasite biology are strongly affected by patterns of daily temperature fluctuation in addition to mean conditions (Paaijmans et al. 2009, 2010). Climate model (coupled Atmosphere–ocean General Circulation Model) simulation data are available and can be used for projecting potential climate chan ...
Enabling Agriculture to Contribute to Climate Change
... security, poverty reduction and resilience of agro-ecosystems are of crucial importance to sustainable development. The sector is expected to provide more food for future domestic markets within developing countries. 75% of the world’s poor live in rural areas in developing countries, and most depen ...
... security, poverty reduction and resilience of agro-ecosystems are of crucial importance to sustainable development. The sector is expected to provide more food for future domestic markets within developing countries. 75% of the world’s poor live in rural areas in developing countries, and most depen ...
... AR to investigate the relationship between changes in urban land for the next candidate from environmental changes, therefore, the natural land, the primary use of land and urban land included in the discussion of climate change in accordance with the national communication report noted that if the ...
IELRC.ORG - Cultural Legitimacy and Regulatory Transitions for
... device unfamiliar but it also failed to fit existing conceptual categories, combining as it did two paradigms: the pursuit of private pleasure (listening to one’s own music) within the public realm. The mixing of paradigms spawned some spirited discourse about the social effects of personal stereos: ...
... device unfamiliar but it also failed to fit existing conceptual categories, combining as it did two paradigms: the pursuit of private pleasure (listening to one’s own music) within the public realm. The mixing of paradigms spawned some spirited discourse about the social effects of personal stereos: ...
Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and
... greenhouse gases, with an uncertainty range of 20–80%. This presents a dilemma since efforts to curb air pollution may unmask the ABC cooling effect and enhance the surface warming. Thus efforts to reduce GHGs and air pollution should be done under one common framework. The uncertainties in our unde ...
... greenhouse gases, with an uncertainty range of 20–80%. This presents a dilemma since efforts to curb air pollution may unmask the ABC cooling effect and enhance the surface warming. Thus efforts to reduce GHGs and air pollution should be done under one common framework. The uncertainties in our unde ...
PDF - Soil Not Oil
... are causing one of the most major extinctions of biodiversity; flora and fauna are in peril and contrary to popular belief, humans can’t escape from this danger. Today we are exposed to the greatest challenge in history, we need to adapt quickly if we want to survive as a species on a planet drastic ...
... are causing one of the most major extinctions of biodiversity; flora and fauna are in peril and contrary to popular belief, humans can’t escape from this danger. Today we are exposed to the greatest challenge in history, we need to adapt quickly if we want to survive as a species on a planet drastic ...
13_02 Unstable Climates
... on shorter periods would not capture the full climatic cycle; normals based on longer periods were not necessary since climate was believed to repeat itself. Brückner’s cycles did not long survive the twentieth century; neither the statistical evidence for them nor any understanding of their cause ...
... on shorter periods would not capture the full climatic cycle; normals based on longer periods were not necessary since climate was believed to repeat itself. Brückner’s cycles did not long survive the twentieth century; neither the statistical evidence for them nor any understanding of their cause ...
Projecting australian climate change
... The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Bureau of Meteorology (2007) have undertaken major work projecting Australia’s future climate. The Review commissioned the CSIRO to extend its projections for a number of variables out to 2100 on the basis of the Review ...
... The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Bureau of Meteorology (2007) have undertaken major work projecting Australia’s future climate. The Review commissioned the CSIRO to extend its projections for a number of variables out to 2100 on the basis of the Review ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.