Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions
... difficulties in inferring temperatures from various proxy data. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that global warming rates as large as 2°C (3.6°F) per millennium may have occurred during retreat of the glaciers following the most recent ice age. Are concentrations of greenhouse gases and other emissio ...
... difficulties in inferring temperatures from various proxy data. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that global warming rates as large as 2°C (3.6°F) per millennium may have occurred during retreat of the glaciers following the most recent ice age. Are concentrations of greenhouse gases and other emissio ...
Climate Change Trends and Vulnerability to Biome Shifts
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has coordinated research groups to project possible future climates under defined greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (IPCC 2007a). The three main IPCC greenhouse gas emissions scenarios are B1 (lower emissions), A1B (medium emissions), and A2 (hig ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has coordinated research groups to project possible future climates under defined greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (IPCC 2007a). The three main IPCC greenhouse gas emissions scenarios are B1 (lower emissions), A1B (medium emissions), and A2 (hig ...
Towards a Global Carbon Market – Prospects for
... Vice Minister Jeong Yeon-man of South Korea said that climate change is the greatest environmental challenge that humankind has ever faced: In order to stop global warming and build resilient societies, greenhouse gasses must be reduced. In South Korea, emissions trading legislation passed in Novemb ...
... Vice Minister Jeong Yeon-man of South Korea said that climate change is the greatest environmental challenge that humankind has ever faced: In order to stop global warming and build resilient societies, greenhouse gasses must be reduced. In South Korea, emissions trading legislation passed in Novemb ...
Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the
... the ecological responses of future climate changes (1, 2), using the reported effects of recent climate change on ecological processes. Recently, Thomas et al. (3) predicted that future climate change may cause the extinction of between 15% and 37% of species by 2050, based on species-specific clima ...
... the ecological responses of future climate changes (1, 2), using the reported effects of recent climate change on ecological processes. Recently, Thomas et al. (3) predicted that future climate change may cause the extinction of between 15% and 37% of species by 2050, based on species-specific clima ...
PPT - Global Carbon Project
... Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged globally for the decade 2002–2011 (PgC/yr) ...
... Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged globally for the decade 2002–2011 (PgC/yr) ...
Assessment of climate change impact on water Linköping University Post Print
... Consequently, GCMs need to be regionalized in order to identify climate change impacts on water resources and extreme events, that is, in order to effectively support decision making (Fowler et al., 2007). Simplified post-processing of global simulations and statistical downscaling are two methods o ...
... Consequently, GCMs need to be regionalized in order to identify climate change impacts on water resources and extreme events, that is, in order to effectively support decision making (Fowler et al., 2007). Simplified post-processing of global simulations and statistical downscaling are two methods o ...
Urban Transit Systems and Conditions of Enhanced Climate Variability
... Climate warming will result in sea level rise. Sea level rise is caused by the thermal expansion of the upper layers of the world’s oceans and seas and from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. Large continental scale ice sheets such as the Greenland ice sheet are melting more rapidly than expect ...
... Climate warming will result in sea level rise. Sea level rise is caused by the thermal expansion of the upper layers of the world’s oceans and seas and from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. Large continental scale ice sheets such as the Greenland ice sheet are melting more rapidly than expect ...
Nullifying the climate null hypothesis
... Hypotheses about complex problems such as climate change are either implicitly or explicitly built upon a collection of sub-hypotheses that are related to each other in the context of a syllogistic paradigm or other type of logical analysis. The challenges of testing a complex hypothesis involving a ...
... Hypotheses about complex problems such as climate change are either implicitly or explicitly built upon a collection of sub-hypotheses that are related to each other in the context of a syllogistic paradigm or other type of logical analysis. The challenges of testing a complex hypothesis involving a ...
Climate Change Science - Stephen Schneider
... difficulties in inferring temperatures from various proxy data. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that global warming rates as large as 2°C (3.6°F) per millennium may have occurred during retreat of the glaciers following the most recent ice age. Are concentrations of greenhouse gases and other emissio ...
... difficulties in inferring temperatures from various proxy data. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that global warming rates as large as 2°C (3.6°F) per millennium may have occurred during retreat of the glaciers following the most recent ice age. Are concentrations of greenhouse gases and other emissio ...
Climate change, water and food security
... assesses the likely impacts of climate change on four key dimensions of food security availability, stability, access, and utilization. The FAO (2002) definition of food security is: ‘‘A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, sa ...
... assesses the likely impacts of climate change on four key dimensions of food security availability, stability, access, and utilization. The FAO (2002) definition of food security is: ‘‘A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, sa ...
as a PDF
... weight behind the theory of anthropogenic climate change (see eg IPCC 2001, 2007), there remains a surprisingly low level of public engagement in tackling the problem. However that is not to say that the public are totally ignorant of the climate change issue; the wealth of available literature on p ...
... weight behind the theory of anthropogenic climate change (see eg IPCC 2001, 2007), there remains a surprisingly low level of public engagement in tackling the problem. However that is not to say that the public are totally ignorant of the climate change issue; the wealth of available literature on p ...
The Impacts of 1.5°C
... some developing countries are concerned that mitigation could interfere with their ability to develop and to eradicate poverty, while for others the impacts of climate change are a main obstacle for sustainable development. It is thus important that the design of the special report includes assessme ...
... some developing countries are concerned that mitigation could interfere with their ability to develop and to eradicate poverty, while for others the impacts of climate change are a main obstacle for sustainable development. It is thus important that the design of the special report includes assessme ...
PDF
... that the sector in question is vulnerable to climate change both economically and physically. (Gbetibouo and Hassan, 2004). Theories suggest that tropical regions in the developing world, such as the ROM, have shown to be particularly vulnerable when it comes to climate fluctuations (Hertel and Rosc ...
... that the sector in question is vulnerable to climate change both economically and physically. (Gbetibouo and Hassan, 2004). Theories suggest that tropical regions in the developing world, such as the ROM, have shown to be particularly vulnerable when it comes to climate fluctuations (Hertel and Rosc ...
backgrounder - The Heritage Foundation
... Paris agreement and support reversing domestic regulations nonetheless argue that it is better to remain in the agreement so that the U.S. can continue to have a seat at the table. According to this argument, remaining in the agreement poses no threat because the carbon dioxide reduction targets are ...
... Paris agreement and support reversing domestic regulations nonetheless argue that it is better to remain in the agreement so that the U.S. can continue to have a seat at the table. According to this argument, remaining in the agreement poses no threat because the carbon dioxide reduction targets are ...
Chapter 3: Climate Projections for the Future
... higher is its GWP. For example, methane (CH4) is much more efficient at absorbing heat radiation than CO2 is, but its lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter. When integrated over a period of 100 years, the emission of 1 kg of CH4 has about the same warming effect as 25 kg of CO2; hence, instead ...
... higher is its GWP. For example, methane (CH4) is much more efficient at absorbing heat radiation than CO2 is, but its lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter. When integrated over a period of 100 years, the emission of 1 kg of CH4 has about the same warming effect as 25 kg of CO2; hence, instead ...
Mitigating Climate Change Through Food and Land Use
... for addressing climate change, rural poverty, and water scarcity. Agricultural communities can play a central role in fighting climate change. Even at a relatively low price for mitigating carbon emissions, improved land management could offset a quarter of global emissions from fossil fuel use in a ...
... for addressing climate change, rural poverty, and water scarcity. Agricultural communities can play a central role in fighting climate change. Even at a relatively low price for mitigating carbon emissions, improved land management could offset a quarter of global emissions from fossil fuel use in a ...
Marine Board-ESF Response to the European Commission DG
... Agencies from 20 countries – see Annex I and II) welcomes the European Commission’s proposals for priority actions in the field of adaptation to climate change in Europe, as put forward in its Green Paper Adapting to climate change in Europe – options for EU action. The Marine Board wishes to thank ...
... Agencies from 20 countries – see Annex I and II) welcomes the European Commission’s proposals for priority actions in the field of adaptation to climate change in Europe, as put forward in its Green Paper Adapting to climate change in Europe – options for EU action. The Marine Board wishes to thank ...
The Critical Role of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
... The surprising realization that Earth’s climate fluctuates fast and furiously was confirmed in the early 1990s when scientists analyzed cores drilled through the two-mile-thick ice sheet atop Greenland. The ice contained a climate record ranging back about 110,000 years. Scientists discovered that pas ...
... The surprising realization that Earth’s climate fluctuates fast and furiously was confirmed in the early 1990s when scientists analyzed cores drilled through the two-mile-thick ice sheet atop Greenland. The ice contained a climate record ranging back about 110,000 years. Scientists discovered that pas ...
... cover far more terrestrial real estate, but given how far away they are, require on-the-ground confirmation. Results from both, in turn, can be added to the findings of the Boston Area Climate Experiment (BACE), an outdoor laboratory in Waltham, Mass., run by Purdue University and the University of ...
PDF
... recent much-publicized Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change notes that climate stabilization at an atmospheric concentration of 550 parts per million CO2equivalent would require global emissions to peak in the next ten to twenty years and then fall to 25 percent below current levels by 20 ...
... recent much-publicized Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change notes that climate stabilization at an atmospheric concentration of 550 parts per million CO2equivalent would require global emissions to peak in the next ten to twenty years and then fall to 25 percent below current levels by 20 ...
How positive is the feedback between climate change and the
... IPSL (Fig. 2). However, this can easily be explained by the difference in the forcing applied to the models. Although neither of the models accounts for change in aerosol emissions, the Hadley model accounts for both CO2 and non-CO2 emissions (CH4 , N2 O, etc.) whereas IPSL only accounts for CO2 . T ...
... IPSL (Fig. 2). However, this can easily be explained by the difference in the forcing applied to the models. Although neither of the models accounts for change in aerosol emissions, the Hadley model accounts for both CO2 and non-CO2 emissions (CH4 , N2 O, etc.) whereas IPSL only accounts for CO2 . T ...
A Bottom Up, Resource- Based Perspective To Deal With Climate Variability and Change
... Despite all... [its]... advantages, the traditional global mean TOA radiative forcing concept has some important limitations, which have come increasingly to light over the past decade. The concept is inadequate for some forcing agents, such as absorbing aerosols and land-use changes, that may have ...
... Despite all... [its]... advantages, the traditional global mean TOA radiative forcing concept has some important limitations, which have come increasingly to light over the past decade. The concept is inadequate for some forcing agents, such as absorbing aerosols and land-use changes, that may have ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LARGE SCALE OCEAN
... Recent changes in the MOC Analysis of five hydrographic estimates of the MOC at 24.5°N (Bryden et al., 2005) show that the MOC and associated northward heat transport has been constant from 1957 to 1992. However, from 1992 to 2004 the MOC has slowed by 30%. The structure of the MOC has changed, suc ...
... Recent changes in the MOC Analysis of five hydrographic estimates of the MOC at 24.5°N (Bryden et al., 2005) show that the MOC and associated northward heat transport has been constant from 1957 to 1992. However, from 1992 to 2004 the MOC has slowed by 30%. The structure of the MOC has changed, suc ...
Extension Agents` Awareness of Climate Change in
... capacity, weak institutions and lack of awareness as reasons for the high vulnerability of Ethiopia. According to Funk et al. (2012) fast population growth and the expansion of farming and pastoralism under a drier, warmer climate could considerably increase the number of at-risk people in Ethiopia. ...
... capacity, weak institutions and lack of awareness as reasons for the high vulnerability of Ethiopia. According to Funk et al. (2012) fast population growth and the expansion of farming and pastoralism under a drier, warmer climate could considerably increase the number of at-risk people in Ethiopia. ...
LCCARL265_en.pdf
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.