Assessing the Social Costs and Benefits of Regulating Carbon
... Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide and methane, have been increasing for more than a century. Rising human emissions of these gases, especially from the combustion of fossil fuels and from agriculture, appear to be the primary cause of this increase i ...
... Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide and methane, have been increasing for more than a century. Rising human emissions of these gases, especially from the combustion of fossil fuels and from agriculture, appear to be the primary cause of this increase i ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
... possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar ...
Normative aspects of climate adaptation policies
... Adaptation to climate change is complex for several reasons.3 First, it is a matter of uncertainty and ambiguity. The knowledge base for defining the problem and identifying possible solutions is both insufficient and disputed: what, exactly, is the problem and what specific actions should be undert ...
... Adaptation to climate change is complex for several reasons.3 First, it is a matter of uncertainty and ambiguity. The knowledge base for defining the problem and identifying possible solutions is both insufficient and disputed: what, exactly, is the problem and what specific actions should be undert ...
Climate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early
... mitigation activities be pursued in conjunction with adaptive responses to address the residual risks posed by this commitment. There is broad, and growing, international support for GHG mitigation. The 1992 United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change, supported by 166 nations, calls for ...
... mitigation activities be pursued in conjunction with adaptive responses to address the residual risks posed by this commitment. There is broad, and growing, international support for GHG mitigation. The 1992 United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change, supported by 166 nations, calls for ...
McCarty, 2001. Ecological consequences of recent climate change.
... Abstract: Global climate change is frequently considered a major conservation threat. The Earth’s climate has already warmed by 0.5⬚ C over the past century, and recent studies show that it is possible to detect the effects of a changing climate on ecological systems. This suggests that global chang ...
... Abstract: Global climate change is frequently considered a major conservation threat. The Earth’s climate has already warmed by 0.5⬚ C over the past century, and recent studies show that it is possible to detect the effects of a changing climate on ecological systems. This suggests that global chang ...
Draft 1:Layout 1.qxd - Defenders of Wildlife
... Climate change will affect ecosystem processes within a context of pre-existing human-caused stresses. Land-use change, landscape fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution and other threats to water quality and quantity, introduction of invasive species, and other anthropogenic processes have al ...
... Climate change will affect ecosystem processes within a context of pre-existing human-caused stresses. Land-use change, landscape fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution and other threats to water quality and quantity, introduction of invasive species, and other anthropogenic processes have al ...
to US agricultural resources A review of impacts
... change, the outlook for the United States would likely worsen. The projections in this report, for example, are based on a doubling of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere which could understate the severity of climate change impacts over the long-term. ...
... change, the outlook for the United States would likely worsen. The projections in this report, for example, are based on a doubling of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere which could understate the severity of climate change impacts over the long-term. ...
AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE
... cases emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same sources. Thus, controls directed at air pollutants frequently affect greenhouse gas emissions, and vice versa. These effects can lead to ancillary benefits and thus act in the same positive direction for the environment. In ce ...
... cases emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same sources. Thus, controls directed at air pollutants frequently affect greenhouse gas emissions, and vice versa. These effects can lead to ancillary benefits and thus act in the same positive direction for the environment. In ce ...
Climate change and respiratory disease: European Respiratory Society position statement ERS POSITION STATEMENT
... The impact of climate change on ambient particle concentrations is uncertain [14]. Although mitigation policies may result in reductions in particle emissions at the local level, desertification and a higher frequency of forest fires may increase transboundary transport of particles [13, 22]. Long-t ...
... The impact of climate change on ambient particle concentrations is uncertain [14]. Although mitigation policies may result in reductions in particle emissions at the local level, desertification and a higher frequency of forest fires may increase transboundary transport of particles [13, 22]. Long-t ...
Climate change and European forests: What do we
... 2013; Dantec et al., 2014). Using simple scenarios with few climate variables as input to impact studies therefore pose limitations in capturing the full picture of likely changes which we may expect to see in the future from climate change. Current trends in projecting future climate are usually gi ...
... 2013; Dantec et al., 2014). Using simple scenarios with few climate variables as input to impact studies therefore pose limitations in capturing the full picture of likely changes which we may expect to see in the future from climate change. Current trends in projecting future climate are usually gi ...
Political parties` climate policies in the UK, Italy and Denmark Paper
... mitigation (“a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases” (IPCC, 2014: 3)). Therefore, we identify climate policies that would, if implemented, have the effect of reducing net GHG emissions (see EBRD and Grantham Research Institute, 2011; Bailey and Compston, ...
... mitigation (“a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases” (IPCC, 2014: 3)). Therefore, we identify climate policies that would, if implemented, have the effect of reducing net GHG emissions (see EBRD and Grantham Research Institute, 2011; Bailey and Compston, ...
Cutcombe Parish - Exmoor National Park
... A Carbon Sink is a store that can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The most common forms of carbon sink are forests - as trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide (as do peat bogs). The carbon is used for plant growth and therefore long-lived plants such as trees will, therefore, act as carbo ...
... A Carbon Sink is a store that can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The most common forms of carbon sink are forests - as trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide (as do peat bogs). The carbon is used for plant growth and therefore long-lived plants such as trees will, therefore, act as carbo ...
IPCC (2007) - climate crime index
... ... a general reduction is expected in potential crop yields in most tropical and sub-tropical regions. Mid-continental areas – such as the United States' "grain belt" and vast areas of Asia – are likely to dry. Where dry-land agriculture relies solely on rain, as in sub-Saharan Africa, yields would ...
... ... a general reduction is expected in potential crop yields in most tropical and sub-tropical regions. Mid-continental areas – such as the United States' "grain belt" and vast areas of Asia – are likely to dry. Where dry-land agriculture relies solely on rain, as in sub-Saharan Africa, yields would ...
climate change and insurance law
... two concepts, which are often ambiguous. It is not sure that they are always used in the same meanings. « Adaptation » of what ? Of behaviours ? Then, whose behaviours, the insurer’s or the insured’s ? Or adaptation of contract terms ? « Mitigation » of what ? Of gas emissions ? Of the losses result ...
... two concepts, which are often ambiguous. It is not sure that they are always used in the same meanings. « Adaptation » of what ? Of behaviours ? Then, whose behaviours, the insurer’s or the insured’s ? Or adaptation of contract terms ? « Mitigation » of what ? Of gas emissions ? Of the losses result ...
Climate Change Survey Measures: Exploring Perceived Bias and
... climate data (Lichter 2008). Reports in the media and other commentary have also alleged examples of potential or real conflicts of interest among climate scientists (Morello 2009; Pexton 2012). Within this context, assertions have been made that some climate public opinion surveys are intentionally ...
... climate data (Lichter 2008). Reports in the media and other commentary have also alleged examples of potential or real conflicts of interest among climate scientists (Morello 2009; Pexton 2012). Within this context, assertions have been made that some climate public opinion surveys are intentionally ...
Draft Interim Climate Change Guidelines
... as antecedent wetness, baseflow, tailwater levels and oceanic processes (e.g. wind, waves and tides) are not considered. Recommended Procedure for Design Flood Estimation and Planning in Australia A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions wil ...
... as antecedent wetness, baseflow, tailwater levels and oceanic processes (e.g. wind, waves and tides) are not considered. Recommended Procedure for Design Flood Estimation and Planning in Australia A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions wil ...
Environmental Realpolitik - Digital Repository @ Maurer Law
... progress after the Rio Earth Summit in developing the Framework Convention on Climate Change. He argues that, beyond the scientific uncertainties about climate change and its economic impacts, agreement on the legal structure of a comprehensive regime has been hampered by institutionalfactors. These ...
... progress after the Rio Earth Summit in developing the Framework Convention on Climate Change. He argues that, beyond the scientific uncertainties about climate change and its economic impacts, agreement on the legal structure of a comprehensive regime has been hampered by institutionalfactors. These ...
Bohensky CV Dec 2015
... training in integrated ecosystem assessments, using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment approach, to assist governments in seven African countries to increase emphasis on ecosystem services and links to human wellbeing in national poverty reduction strategies. Lead Editor, Gariep Basin Millennium Ec ...
... training in integrated ecosystem assessments, using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment approach, to assist governments in seven African countries to increase emphasis on ecosystem services and links to human wellbeing in national poverty reduction strategies. Lead Editor, Gariep Basin Millennium Ec ...
Business Responses to Climate Change in Developing Countries: A
... Standpoint of multinational corporations on climate change have gradually changed from disagreement or opposition to more positive approaches to climate measures such as preparations to deal with regulations or considering risks and opportunities of climate change (Kolk, 2008). With the diversity of ...
... Standpoint of multinational corporations on climate change have gradually changed from disagreement or opposition to more positive approaches to climate measures such as preparations to deal with regulations or considering risks and opportunities of climate change (Kolk, 2008). With the diversity of ...
Submitted to a confernce in Forli
... b) This then becomes the student's pragmatic North, which must govern both his propositional and pragmatic choices as well as the means of their verbalisation2. Once these objective facts, which are part and parcel of any act of communication Bwhether mediated or not, both monolingual and interlingu ...
... b) This then becomes the student's pragmatic North, which must govern both his propositional and pragmatic choices as well as the means of their verbalisation2. Once these objective facts, which are part and parcel of any act of communication Bwhether mediated or not, both monolingual and interlingu ...
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present
... (GCMs) remains one of the central problems in providing accurate projections of climate change for the next 50 to 100 yr (Randall et al., 2007). Although great advances in global modelling have been made in recent decades (Solomon et al., 2007), there are still large uncertainties in many processes ...
... (GCMs) remains one of the central problems in providing accurate projections of climate change for the next 50 to 100 yr (Randall et al., 2007). Although great advances in global modelling have been made in recent decades (Solomon et al., 2007), there are still large uncertainties in many processes ...
Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... 5. Trade-offs between mitigation and facilitative adaptation One question a comparison of mitigation and facilitative adaptation could address is how much the need for facilitative adaptation falls if mitigation is increased. That question is difficult to answer as climate change is so uncertain. Mo ...
... 5. Trade-offs between mitigation and facilitative adaptation One question a comparison of mitigation and facilitative adaptation could address is how much the need for facilitative adaptation falls if mitigation is increased. That question is difficult to answer as climate change is so uncertain. Mo ...
Young people`s burden: Requirement of
... alleged climate change consequences, if accurate, could be considered “beyond the pale”, and he rejected the motion to dismiss the case. Judge Coffin’s ruling must be certified by a second judge, after which the case can proceed to trial. It is anticipated that the plausibility of achieving the emis ...
... alleged climate change consequences, if accurate, could be considered “beyond the pale”, and he rejected the motion to dismiss the case. Judge Coffin’s ruling must be certified by a second judge, after which the case can proceed to trial. It is anticipated that the plausibility of achieving the emis ...
Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems
... Water storage and flood control e.g. through the sustainable management of river basins, aquifers, and their associated vegetation; Livelihood sustenance and food security through the diversification of food products and the establishment of diverse agricultural systems; Disaster risk reductio ...
... Water storage and flood control e.g. through the sustainable management of river basins, aquifers, and their associated vegetation; Livelihood sustenance and food security through the diversification of food products and the establishment of diverse agricultural systems; Disaster risk reductio ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.