Assets and Adaptation - Overseas Development Institute
... and Reid 2007). This approach builds on the substantial literatures on indigenous technical knowledge and coping strategies. The most prominent example of this approach is communitybased adaptation (see below). Both approaches to adaptation could be highly beneficial for the poor. However, so far, t ...
... and Reid 2007). This approach builds on the substantial literatures on indigenous technical knowledge and coping strategies. The most prominent example of this approach is communitybased adaptation (see below). Both approaches to adaptation could be highly beneficial for the poor. However, so far, t ...
a system with dangerous thresholds?
... The fact that global warming happens on a time scale close to the response time of the ocean circulation complicates matters further. The circulation appears to be more sensitive to a given warming if it occurs more rapidly (Stocker and Schmittner, 1997; Stouffer and Manabe, 1999), so that slowing d ...
... The fact that global warming happens on a time scale close to the response time of the ocean circulation complicates matters further. The circulation appears to be more sensitive to a given warming if it occurs more rapidly (Stocker and Schmittner, 1997; Stouffer and Manabe, 1999), so that slowing d ...
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[LSE COPY]
... University Press, 1999). The editors were officers of UNDP. On the UNDP web page promoting the book, the then UN Secretary General says the following: ‘It is not beyond the power of political volition to tip the scales towards a more secure peace, greater economic well-being, social justice and envi ...
... University Press, 1999). The editors were officers of UNDP. On the UNDP web page promoting the book, the then UN Secretary General says the following: ‘It is not beyond the power of political volition to tip the scales towards a more secure peace, greater economic well-being, social justice and envi ...
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... Climate change can no longer be completely prevented. The mean temperature in Finland is expected to rise by more than the global average. The speed of such change is a major challenge to society and to nature. It is vitally important to mitigate the progress of climate change and to reduce greenhou ...
... Climate change can no longer be completely prevented. The mean temperature in Finland is expected to rise by more than the global average. The speed of such change is a major challenge to society and to nature. It is vitally important to mitigate the progress of climate change and to reduce greenhou ...
Israel Country report 2013
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
First Nations` Governance and Climate Change
... limitations if being contemplated to assist in addressing climate change. First, the environmental authorities tend to be project-focussed, that is they address the authority to develop or implement an environmental assessment process. While this is helpful, it does not allow for the consideration o ...
... limitations if being contemplated to assist in addressing climate change. First, the environmental authorities tend to be project-focussed, that is they address the authority to develop or implement an environmental assessment process. While this is helpful, it does not allow for the consideration o ...
NASA Research Strategy for Earth System Science
... observations from space, dedicated field and airborne measurement campaigns, and laboratory and theoretical studies; and 3) the development of a hierarchy of climate models to integrate results from process studies and fill the gaps between incomplete systematic observations. Systematic measurements ...
... observations from space, dedicated field and airborne measurement campaigns, and laboratory and theoretical studies; and 3) the development of a hierarchy of climate models to integrate results from process studies and fill the gaps between incomplete systematic observations. Systematic measurements ...
Regional Climate Change Adaptation Framework for the
... measures anticipating a wide range of potential climate-related risks are essential. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. However, building environmental and socioeconomic resilience against climate chang ...
... measures anticipating a wide range of potential climate-related risks are essential. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. However, building environmental and socioeconomic resilience against climate chang ...
Quest - Academy of Science of South Africa
... 2°C. The annual negotiations will take place in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015. CSIR Competency Area Manager responsible for Global Change, Xolisa Ngwadla, is the lead negotiator of the African Group of Negotiators to the UNFCCC. ‘There are two parts to these negotiations,’ explained Xol ...
... 2°C. The annual negotiations will take place in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015. CSIR Competency Area Manager responsible for Global Change, Xolisa Ngwadla, is the lead negotiator of the African Group of Negotiators to the UNFCCC. ‘There are two parts to these negotiations,’ explained Xol ...
Workplan
... important GHG is nitrous oxide (N2O), mainly from soil and N input to crop and soil systems. Even if nitrous oxide is a small part of the overall GHG emissions (8% at world scale), agriculture is considered to be its major source through soil management and fertilizer use. Nitrous oxide is a chemica ...
... important GHG is nitrous oxide (N2O), mainly from soil and N input to crop and soil systems. Even if nitrous oxide is a small part of the overall GHG emissions (8% at world scale), agriculture is considered to be its major source through soil management and fertilizer use. Nitrous oxide is a chemica ...
The Asian Monsoon
... phenomena on earth today, with far-reaching environmental and societal effects. Almost two thirds of humanity live within regions influenced by the monsoon. Monsoon strength and variability have been and will continue to be crucial to the past and future prosperity of the region”. The preface of thi ...
... phenomena on earth today, with far-reaching environmental and societal effects. Almost two thirds of humanity live within regions influenced by the monsoon. Monsoon strength and variability have been and will continue to be crucial to the past and future prosperity of the region”. The preface of thi ...
National Adaptation to Climate Change
... began in October 2004 and the process was halted because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004. NAPA work recommenced in February 2006. The process was guided by the principles of broad stakeholder engagement, partnership building among focal agencies and ownership by the p ...
... began in October 2004 and the process was halted because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004. NAPA work recommenced in February 2006. The process was guided by the principles of broad stakeholder engagement, partnership building among focal agencies and ownership by the p ...
POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SPAIN
... There is a high degree of social and scientific awareness about the potential impacts of climate change and the need to adapt water management to hotter and more extreme conditions. It is certain that the need for increased spending as a result of intensified damage caused by extreme weather events ...
... There is a high degree of social and scientific awareness about the potential impacts of climate change and the need to adapt water management to hotter and more extreme conditions. It is certain that the need for increased spending as a result of intensified damage caused by extreme weather events ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The land and atmosphere systems are coupled. Both provide feedbacks that can change the state of the other. Modelling the regional climate depends critically on the coupling between the surface energy fluxes, boundary layer clouds and radiation fields (Betts et al., 1996). One important effect is th ...
... The land and atmosphere systems are coupled. Both provide feedbacks that can change the state of the other. Modelling the regional climate depends critically on the coupling between the surface energy fluxes, boundary layer clouds and radiation fields (Betts et al., 1996). One important effect is th ...
Do people “personally experience” global warming, and if so how
... climate trend from their own casual observations of weather,’’ stated Kempton et al. in 1996. Many subsequent authors have agreed with this assessment for all but the most severely impacted portions of the world (Marx et al., 2007; Moser and Dilling, 2011; Weber, 2010; Weber and Stern, 2011). Climat ...
... climate trend from their own casual observations of weather,’’ stated Kempton et al. in 1996. Many subsequent authors have agreed with this assessment for all but the most severely impacted portions of the world (Marx et al., 2007; Moser and Dilling, 2011; Weber, 2010; Weber and Stern, 2011). Climat ...
Why Have the Leading Journals in Management
... articles, and it has done so from the earliest period. However, the journal that has the highest impact factor, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, has never published an article that refers to global warming or climate change (in the title, abstract, or key words). In contrast, the journal with the ...
... articles, and it has done so from the earliest period. However, the journal that has the highest impact factor, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, has never published an article that refers to global warming or climate change (in the title, abstract, or key words). In contrast, the journal with the ...
Climate change effects on rangelands and rangeland management
... protocols (Patterson et al. 2014), suggesting the possibility of consistent analyses across different land types and ownerships. The BLM has established an Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Strategy designed to assess rangeland health at various scales from local to regional (Toevs et al. 2011, ...
... protocols (Patterson et al. 2014), suggesting the possibility of consistent analyses across different land types and ownerships. The BLM has established an Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Strategy designed to assess rangeland health at various scales from local to regional (Toevs et al. 2011, ...
Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayas
... Whereas people in the mountain region would be directly affected by changes in climate, there would also be impacts on river basins downstream and eventually the impacts would have global consequences (Malcolm et al. 2006). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), at the cu ...
... Whereas people in the mountain region would be directly affected by changes in climate, there would also be impacts on river basins downstream and eventually the impacts would have global consequences (Malcolm et al. 2006). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), at the cu ...
planned relocations, disasters and climate change
... planned relocations in the context of climate change requires people to step outside their comfort zones and to think in different ways. There is also an undercurrent of resistance to considering issues of planned relocations now out of a concern that doing so would take pressure off national and in ...
... planned relocations in the context of climate change requires people to step outside their comfort zones and to think in different ways. There is also an undercurrent of resistance to considering issues of planned relocations now out of a concern that doing so would take pressure off national and in ...
The EU and the progressive alliance negotiating in Durban
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
Farming in a Changing Climate
... and blocked grain transportation systems. With climate change, the expectation is that temperatures will rise, moisture conditions will change, and many extreme climate events will become more common. Given the effects of recent extreme weather, questions arise about the capacity of agri-food system ...
... and blocked grain transportation systems. With climate change, the expectation is that temperatures will rise, moisture conditions will change, and many extreme climate events will become more common. Given the effects of recent extreme weather, questions arise about the capacity of agri-food system ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... used to inform the interpretation of “dangerous” in the UNFCCC Article 2 objective. Criteria for identifying key risks include6,102,103: high probability of significant risk materializing, taking into account its timing; large magnitude of associated consequences, taking into account the importance ...
... used to inform the interpretation of “dangerous” in the UNFCCC Article 2 objective. Criteria for identifying key risks include6,102,103: high probability of significant risk materializing, taking into account its timing; large magnitude of associated consequences, taking into account the importance ...
Atmospheric Rivers State of Knowledge Report
... weather and climate community about whether it is important to classify an extreme rain event as an atmospheric river. Some basic questions about the hydrology of ARs would enable forecasters, emergency response practitioners and policy makers to contextualize an AR, and thereby plan for and respond ...
... weather and climate community about whether it is important to classify an extreme rain event as an atmospheric river. Some basic questions about the hydrology of ARs would enable forecasters, emergency response practitioners and policy makers to contextualize an AR, and thereby plan for and respond ...
An Ethical Defense of Global-Warming Skepticism
... would be much worse if it were not for the underlying warming. We take issue with this response. Everyone acknowledges that CO2 is a greenhouse gas. Skeptics, however, believe that human contributions will likely not result in catastrophic warming, since combinations of other forces play a larger ro ...
... would be much worse if it were not for the underlying warming. We take issue with this response. Everyone acknowledges that CO2 is a greenhouse gas. Skeptics, however, believe that human contributions will likely not result in catastrophic warming, since combinations of other forces play a larger ro ...
4 Atmosphere and Climate in the Northern Cape
... can be considered pollution. Pollution can be naturally caused (for example by forest fires) and is also caused by anthropogenic (man-made) activities (such as the burning of fossil fuels). Pollutants, once emitted into the atmosphere, recognise no geographical or political boundaries, and their des ...
... can be considered pollution. Pollution can be naturally caused (for example by forest fires) and is also caused by anthropogenic (man-made) activities (such as the burning of fossil fuels). Pollutants, once emitted into the atmosphere, recognise no geographical or political boundaries, and their des ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.