Resources How to Evaluate Domestic Climate Policy Options 14
... These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide an economic incenti ...
... These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide an economic incenti ...
What is a “covered entity?” - Texas Association of Environmental
... GHGs that will be emitted through the use of petroleum-based fuel or coal-based liquid or gaseous fuel manufactured or imported by the covered entity during the previous calendar year (upstream) GHGs that were manufactured or imported by the covered entity during the preceding calendar year (where t ...
... GHGs that will be emitted through the use of petroleum-based fuel or coal-based liquid or gaseous fuel manufactured or imported by the covered entity during the previous calendar year (upstream) GHGs that were manufactured or imported by the covered entity during the preceding calendar year (where t ...
Climate change impacts on coastal fisheries and
... for example, was reportedly responsible for large fish kills and a temporary southward distribution shift of tropical fauna (Pearce and Feng 2013). This type of short-term extreme can have devastating long-term impacts, as species respond to breaching of resilience thresholds (e.g. corals in Ainswor ...
... for example, was reportedly responsible for large fish kills and a temporary southward distribution shift of tropical fauna (Pearce and Feng 2013). This type of short-term extreme can have devastating long-term impacts, as species respond to breaching of resilience thresholds (e.g. corals in Ainswor ...
COP - UN Global Compact
... several workshops with Division Managers and Executive Committee; “People”, “Integrity”, “Success” and “Progressiveness” were determined as AvivaSA’s values. AvivaSA values were launched in May 2008, in the Vision Meeting that all HQ staff and Sales Management Team participated. Specially designed a ...
... several workshops with Division Managers and Executive Committee; “People”, “Integrity”, “Success” and “Progressiveness” were determined as AvivaSA’s values. AvivaSA values were launched in May 2008, in the Vision Meeting that all HQ staff and Sales Management Team participated. Specially designed a ...
Challenge of Weather and Climate
... What is the effect of a large urban area? Urban areas tend to be warmer and more polluted than rural ones, because of the different materials covering the surface, the amount of heat released and the complex threedimensional structure of the environment. The urban climate can also have different amo ...
... What is the effect of a large urban area? Urban areas tend to be warmer and more polluted than rural ones, because of the different materials covering the surface, the amount of heat released and the complex threedimensional structure of the environment. The urban climate can also have different amo ...
Greenhouse Gas Pledges by Parties to the Climate Change Jane A. Leggett
... Various scenarios project that CO2 concentrations could rise to 700-900 ppm in this century if human-related burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other land-use change were to continue unabated.10 Such levels would be as much as three times the pre-industrial concentrations. Meeting the objec ...
... Various scenarios project that CO2 concentrations could rise to 700-900 ppm in this century if human-related burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other land-use change were to continue unabated.10 Such levels would be as much as three times the pre-industrial concentrations. Meeting the objec ...
The Quiet Tsunami: The Ecological, Economic, Social, and Political
... the then-extant literature. It serves as a baseline assessment of the state of knowledge on the causes and effects of ocean acidification as well as marine organism and ecosystem responses and adaptation to elevated levels of acidity. The Royal Society (2005, 39–41) reached eight main conclusions: ...
... the then-extant literature. It serves as a baseline assessment of the state of knowledge on the causes and effects of ocean acidification as well as marine organism and ecosystem responses and adaptation to elevated levels of acidity. The Royal Society (2005, 39–41) reached eight main conclusions: ...
On non-marginal cost-benefit analysis: Abstract of Working Paper 18 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... for instance, there is now a legislative requirement to conduct BCA of significant new policies and policy reforms, while other countries and regional organisations such as the European Commission have made steps in the same direction (Pearce et al., 2006). In addition, there is a long tradition of ...
... for instance, there is now a legislative requirement to conduct BCA of significant new policies and policy reforms, while other countries and regional organisations such as the European Commission have made steps in the same direction (Pearce et al., 2006). In addition, there is a long tradition of ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... needed to avert potentially catastrophic changes in climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has called for a reduction of 60% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to stabilise its concentration in the atmosphere. Moreover, an analysis by the environmental group Greenpeace Internat ...
... needed to avert potentially catastrophic changes in climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has called for a reduction of 60% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to stabilise its concentration in the atmosphere. Moreover, an analysis by the environmental group Greenpeace Internat ...
Climate Change Mitigation«WHAT DO WE DO?
... early 1980s, but without applying any other policies to reduce emissions. While such an R&D-led approach clearly yields some results, OECD estimates suggest that these are not nearly enough to stabilise GHG concentration levels by the end of the century. In fact, even a 30-fold increase in worldwide ...
... early 1980s, but without applying any other policies to reduce emissions. While such an R&D-led approach clearly yields some results, OECD estimates suggest that these are not nearly enough to stabilise GHG concentration levels by the end of the century. In fact, even a 30-fold increase in worldwide ...
Climate Change and Rice - Wageningen UR E
... Models of the dynamics of the atmosphere of the earth, known as general circulation models or GCMs, predict that with increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global climate change is likely (Hansen et al. 1984). Because predicted climate change may have enormous effects on Japanese ...
... Models of the dynamics of the atmosphere of the earth, known as general circulation models or GCMs, predict that with increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global climate change is likely (Hansen et al. 1984). Because predicted climate change may have enormous effects on Japanese ...
The History of Late 20th and early 21st Century
... by a loss of soil moisture and new pests suited to the warmer climate (Fleischer et al. 2007).8 An increase in heavy rainfall events could also increase topsoil erosion and soil salinity which damage plant health. Israel is already experiencing an increase in farm animal diseases, which originate fr ...
... by a loss of soil moisture and new pests suited to the warmer climate (Fleischer et al. 2007).8 An increase in heavy rainfall events could also increase topsoil erosion and soil salinity which damage plant health. Israel is already experiencing an increase in farm animal diseases, which originate fr ...
PDF
... scales. For example, Arbuckle et al. (2013a) use a five-point agreement scale to ask Iowa farmers their degree of personal concern and find that farmers are more concerned about the potential impact of climate change on Iowa’s agriculture than on their own farm operation. Of the two components of ri ...
... scales. For example, Arbuckle et al. (2013a) use a five-point agreement scale to ask Iowa farmers their degree of personal concern and find that farmers are more concerned about the potential impact of climate change on Iowa’s agriculture than on their own farm operation. Of the two components of ri ...
An Agricultural Law Research Article on U.S. Forests, Regions, and the
... amounts of human intervention in the form of planting, thinning, or other management activities. Both natural and managed forests are important for the range of attributes society values from forests. Further, the ecological changes caused by climate change could have large implications both for non ...
... amounts of human intervention in the form of planting, thinning, or other management activities. Both natural and managed forests are important for the range of attributes society values from forests. Further, the ecological changes caused by climate change could have large implications both for non ...
From adaptation to climate-resilient development: the costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa (388 kB ) (opens in new window)
... First, at the operational level the lack of coordination increases transaction costs for adaptation measures that require increased investments in existing programs. For example, it would be nonsensical to structure the procurement and distribution of additional insecticide treated bednets for popul ...
... First, at the operational level the lack of coordination increases transaction costs for adaptation measures that require increased investments in existing programs. For example, it would be nonsensical to structure the procurement and distribution of additional insecticide treated bednets for popul ...
Climate change integrated assessment methodology for cross
... – Aim: integrated methodology to assess cross-sectoral climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability – The main product of CLIMSAVE: a user-friendly, interactive web-based tool (Integrated Assessment Platform; IAP) that will allow stakeholders to assess climate change impacts and vulnerabilit ...
... – Aim: integrated methodology to assess cross-sectoral climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability – The main product of CLIMSAVE: a user-friendly, interactive web-based tool (Integrated Assessment Platform; IAP) that will allow stakeholders to assess climate change impacts and vulnerabilit ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CLIMATE ECONOMICS: A META-REVIEW AND SOME SUGGESTIONS Geoffrey Heal
... About a year ago, the U.K. government published the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change, written by a team led by Nicholas Stern [35]. The publication of the Stern Review provoked an unprecedented outpouring of papers on the same topic: we have probably seen more economics papers on clim ...
... About a year ago, the U.K. government published the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change, written by a team led by Nicholas Stern [35]. The publication of the Stern Review provoked an unprecedented outpouring of papers on the same topic: we have probably seen more economics papers on clim ...
Peter Lee: Ethics of Climate Change Policy
... Ethics is about making choices, something everyone does every day. For the idealist it is about choosing between good and evil, while for the pragmatist it means choosing between lesser evils and greater evils. Politics is also about making choices, and even though politicians will attempt as far as ...
... Ethics is about making choices, something everyone does every day. For the idealist it is about choosing between good and evil, while for the pragmatist it means choosing between lesser evils and greater evils. Politics is also about making choices, and even though politicians will attempt as far as ...
Adaptation strategies to increase human resilience against climate
... harsh terrain, a highly variable rainfall system with recurrent spells of drought, a small area of cultivable land, low population density and sparse distribution. Target groups are rural households practicing agro- pastoral systems in a semi-arid area along the Khor Arba’at. The Khor drains a catc ...
... harsh terrain, a highly variable rainfall system with recurrent spells of drought, a small area of cultivable land, low population density and sparse distribution. Target groups are rural households practicing agro- pastoral systems in a semi-arid area along the Khor Arba’at. The Khor drains a catc ...
Scientific Shortcomings in the EPA`s Endangerment
... climate change (whether caused by greenhouse gas changes or not). In fact, it is the nature of our species to adapt to climate with clothing, shelter, and social structures. Because it is also natural for climate to change, we also adapt to change at the same time. As will be demonstrated below, som ...
... climate change (whether caused by greenhouse gas changes or not). In fact, it is the nature of our species to adapt to climate with clothing, shelter, and social structures. Because it is also natural for climate to change, we also adapt to change at the same time. As will be demonstrated below, som ...
earth friendly agriculture for soil, water, and climate
... economies will be negatively affected due to the devastation to infrastructure and adaptation to climatic change, such as what happened in Iowa with the floods of 2008.23 Such threats might spur heavier top-down regulations and/or even the deployment of solar radiation management (SRM) techniques fo ...
... economies will be negatively affected due to the devastation to infrastructure and adaptation to climatic change, such as what happened in Iowa with the floods of 2008.23 Such threats might spur heavier top-down regulations and/or even the deployment of solar radiation management (SRM) techniques fo ...
Scientific Shortcomings in the EPA’s Endangerment Finding from Greenhouse Gases
... climate change (whether caused by greenhouse gas changes or not). In fact, it is the nature of our species to adapt to climate with clothing, shelter, and social structures. Because it is also natural for climate to change, we also adapt to change at the same time. As will be demonstrated below, som ...
... climate change (whether caused by greenhouse gas changes or not). In fact, it is the nature of our species to adapt to climate with clothing, shelter, and social structures. Because it is also natural for climate to change, we also adapt to change at the same time. As will be demonstrated below, som ...
Appendix D: Economic modelling and adaptation to climate change
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.