Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are
... 2013; Dantec et al., 2014). Using simple scenarios with few climate variables as input to impact studies therefore pose limitations in capturing the full picture of likely changes which we may expect to see in the future from climate change. Current trends in projecting future climate are usually gi ...
... 2013; Dantec et al., 2014). Using simple scenarios with few climate variables as input to impact studies therefore pose limitations in capturing the full picture of likely changes which we may expect to see in the future from climate change. Current trends in projecting future climate are usually gi ...
on the model applied (particularly on the
... directly related to land-cover change. Although statistically significant, these changes are relatively small as compared to the projected atmospheric forcing changes. For example, in western Russia there is reforestation in both scenarios, which should lead to warming. However, although the additio ...
... directly related to land-cover change. Although statistically significant, these changes are relatively small as compared to the projected atmospheric forcing changes. For example, in western Russia there is reforestation in both scenarios, which should lead to warming. However, although the additio ...
litreview12forword_wm_review_9feb2012
... understanding of the future emissions of greenhouse gases, uncertainty in the description of key physical processes that occur at the scales smaller than the model spatial resolution and not directly resolved by climate models, and the mechanisms responsible for the inter-annual and longer timescale ...
... understanding of the future emissions of greenhouse gases, uncertainty in the description of key physical processes that occur at the scales smaller than the model spatial resolution and not directly resolved by climate models, and the mechanisms responsible for the inter-annual and longer timescale ...
Status Description Total Funding Strengthening Communities
... to technologies, andby appropriate funding, thereby contributing to the conservation of biological Programme for Implementing the The Goal of the Programme is to Global Framework for Climate enhance resilience in social, ...
... to technologies, andby appropriate funding, thereby contributing to the conservation of biological Programme for Implementing the The Goal of the Programme is to Global Framework for Climate enhance resilience in social, ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... Finally, economic data are unavailable or imperfect, making the link between river flows and flood economic losses highly uncertain. Past flood losses are influenced by natural variability and socio-economic trends, making it difficult to calibrate models. And economic valuation is made even more di ...
... Finally, economic data are unavailable or imperfect, making the link between river flows and flood economic losses highly uncertain. Past flood losses are influenced by natural variability and socio-economic trends, making it difficult to calibrate models. And economic valuation is made even more di ...
February 2010 Minutes - Rubbertown Community Advisory Council
... How can we go back in time and study climate in the past? We looked at ice masses around the world. We drilled and studied differences in the bandings of the ice to learn about the climate. Each year, so much precipitation falls on these glaciers. The snowflakes capture information about what is in ...
... How can we go back in time and study climate in the past? We looked at ice masses around the world. We drilled and studied differences in the bandings of the ice to learn about the climate. Each year, so much precipitation falls on these glaciers. The snowflakes capture information about what is in ...
Using climate information to support crop breeding decisions and
... first, and there is greater agreement for end-of-century declines in tropical yield declines than in temperate regions. Less is known about future changes in year-to-year variation in yields, but increasing variability is considered likely (15). The studies discussed here do not generally include ad ...
... first, and there is greater agreement for end-of-century declines in tropical yield declines than in temperate regions. Less is known about future changes in year-to-year variation in yields, but increasing variability is considered likely (15). The studies discussed here do not generally include ad ...
Implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism in
... Professional and Technical Cooperation with Republic of Austria, with main aims to: 1. Propel the Institutional building and Staff-training and to create the conditions for fast resolving of the urgent issues the country faces, that have came out from the obligations undertaken by the Convention rat ...
... Professional and Technical Cooperation with Republic of Austria, with main aims to: 1. Propel the Institutional building and Staff-training and to create the conditions for fast resolving of the urgent issues the country faces, that have came out from the obligations undertaken by the Convention rat ...
Winter 2016
... The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) was founded in 1955, when Dwight D. Eisenhower was President of the United States. The first signs of the feasibility of numerical weather prediction began accumulating in the 1950’s, in large part the result of work conducted by a group of scientists ...
... The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) was founded in 1955, when Dwight D. Eisenhower was President of the United States. The first signs of the feasibility of numerical weather prediction began accumulating in the 1950’s, in large part the result of work conducted by a group of scientists ...
Quantifying non-cooperative climate engineering
... establishing a climate agreement which is both effective and stable (Carraro and Siniscalco, 1993; Barrett, 1994). The main issue undermining the policy solution is the very essence of global warming, namely that it is a global externality and that we lack the institutions required to govern it. Thi ...
... establishing a climate agreement which is both effective and stable (Carraro and Siniscalco, 1993; Barrett, 1994). The main issue undermining the policy solution is the very essence of global warming, namely that it is a global externality and that we lack the institutions required to govern it. Thi ...
Synthesis Report “Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
Full list of `Environment` briefings - European Parliament
... aim was, and remains, to provide an assessment of the understanding of all aspects of climate change, including how human activities can cause such changes and can be impacted by them. The IPCC recognised that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential to alter the climate system ...
... aim was, and remains, to provide an assessment of the understanding of all aspects of climate change, including how human activities can cause such changes and can be impacted by them. The IPCC recognised that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential to alter the climate system ...
Stakeholder perceptions
... both climate change adaptation and mitigation and will be relevant to all types of forests, all management objectives and all types of managers. To facilitate the development of the guidelines, a survey was conducted through which forest stakeholders provided their views and perceptions on factors t ...
... both climate change adaptation and mitigation and will be relevant to all types of forests, all management objectives and all types of managers. To facilitate the development of the guidelines, a survey was conducted through which forest stakeholders provided their views and perceptions on factors t ...
Understanding Global Climate Change
... They can store anything that is found in the atmosphere, such as precipitation, gases, dust, salts, fallout from volcanic eruptions and aboveground thermonuclear emissions, emissions from biological activity, and even cosmic energy bombardment of chemical species in the atmosphere. Temperature recor ...
... They can store anything that is found in the atmosphere, such as precipitation, gases, dust, salts, fallout from volcanic eruptions and aboveground thermonuclear emissions, emissions from biological activity, and even cosmic energy bombardment of chemical species in the atmosphere. Temperature recor ...
How California`s Climate Shapes Water Resources
... These are the ensemble-mean (average across the GCMs) changes associated with the RCP8.5 forcing. The other forcing scenarios have similar spatial patterns, though they are dialed down compared to this one, consistent with less overall warming. Source: IPCC 5th Assessment Report (2013) ...
... These are the ensemble-mean (average across the GCMs) changes associated with the RCP8.5 forcing. The other forcing scenarios have similar spatial patterns, though they are dialed down compared to this one, consistent with less overall warming. Source: IPCC 5th Assessment Report (2013) ...
11 Appendix A part 2 - Kettering Borough Council
... extreme weather events. The increased levels of ‘greenhouse’ gases that are already in the atmosphere mean that whatever we do now we cannot escape some climate change, but the worst effects can be avoided if the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are stabilised instead of being allowed to continue ...
... extreme weather events. The increased levels of ‘greenhouse’ gases that are already in the atmosphere mean that whatever we do now we cannot escape some climate change, but the worst effects can be avoided if the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are stabilised instead of being allowed to continue ...
Effects of climate change on European ducks: what do we know and
... Birds have traditionally received considerable research attention, so it is no surprise that the consequences of climate change on their populations have been widely explored (e.g. Møller et al. 2011). However, for practical and other reasons, studies are skewed towards specific bird groups, especial ...
... Birds have traditionally received considerable research attention, so it is no surprise that the consequences of climate change on their populations have been widely explored (e.g. Møller et al. 2011). However, for practical and other reasons, studies are skewed towards specific bird groups, especial ...
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological
... type of available data. In this study the meteorological observations have hourly data, but for RCM results only daily values (mean, minimum and maximum) are available. This limits the available approaches if the same methodology is to be applied to both datasets. The calculation is straightforward ...
... type of available data. In this study the meteorological observations have hourly data, but for RCM results only daily values (mean, minimum and maximum) are available. This limits the available approaches if the same methodology is to be applied to both datasets. The calculation is straightforward ...
Iyigun et al._2013_Clustering climate regions of
... Chain based on expectation-maximization (EM-MCMC). It has been concluded that the EM-MCMC method is the most appropriate one compared to the others. Depending on this result, in our study, all missing values for the nine variables were imputed by EM-MCMC method for at most 50 % missing series. The i ...
... Chain based on expectation-maximization (EM-MCMC). It has been concluded that the EM-MCMC method is the most appropriate one compared to the others. Depending on this result, in our study, all missing values for the nine variables were imputed by EM-MCMC method for at most 50 % missing series. The i ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... 26. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory is based on 1993 data, as it had more data than any other year and uses the 1996 Revised Guidelines (IPCC. OECD.IEA, 1997). Meanwhile, not all emission categories of the Guidelines are reported on, due to lack of data, or to the non-existence of the activity in ...
... 26. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory is based on 1993 data, as it had more data than any other year and uses the 1996 Revised Guidelines (IPCC. OECD.IEA, 1997). Meanwhile, not all emission categories of the Guidelines are reported on, due to lack of data, or to the non-existence of the activity in ...
Assets and Adaptation - Overseas Development Institute
... and Reid 2007). This approach builds on the substantial literatures on indigenous technical knowledge and coping strategies. The most prominent example of this approach is communitybased adaptation (see below). Both approaches to adaptation could be highly beneficial for the poor. However, so far, t ...
... and Reid 2007). This approach builds on the substantial literatures on indigenous technical knowledge and coping strategies. The most prominent example of this approach is communitybased adaptation (see below). Both approaches to adaptation could be highly beneficial for the poor. However, so far, t ...
Introduction
... processes (nuclear and renewable energies, DSM, carbon capture and sequestration) and adaptation ...
... processes (nuclear and renewable energies, DSM, carbon capture and sequestration) and adaptation ...
Adapting to climate change in England
... to the private sector and civil society.” The Government has now set up the Adapting to Climate Change (ACC) Programme, to bring together the work already being led by Government and the wider public sector on adaptation in England, and to co-ordinate and drive forward the development of the Governm ...
... to the private sector and civil society.” The Government has now set up the Adapting to Climate Change (ACC) Programme, to bring together the work already being led by Government and the wider public sector on adaptation in England, and to co-ordinate and drive forward the development of the Governm ...
The integrated Earth system model version 1
... still a one-way transfer of information from IAMs to ESMs (Fig. 1). It does not allow IAMs to easily examine the climate system consequences of changes in human decisions as represented in emissions pathways, nor does it allow the changing climate system to affect the human components of energy, wat ...
... still a one-way transfer of information from IAMs to ESMs (Fig. 1). It does not allow IAMs to easily examine the climate system consequences of changes in human decisions as represented in emissions pathways, nor does it allow the changing climate system to affect the human components of energy, wat ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.