Climatic changes and associated impacts in the Mediterranean
... drift in its surface climate. The control run is basically the GCM being run for 240 years at 1961–1990 atmospheric concentrations. Any variation in the control run should stem from natural variability. The last 30 years of the control run, 1961–1990, are used here as reference for comparison with f ...
... drift in its surface climate. The control run is basically the GCM being run for 240 years at 1961–1990 atmospheric concentrations. Any variation in the control run should stem from natural variability. The last 30 years of the control run, 1961–1990, are used here as reference for comparison with f ...
Impacts of leaf phenology and water table on interannual variability
... •Radiation -> Light quality •[CO2] -> Acclimation ...
... •Radiation -> Light quality •[CO2] -> Acclimation ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... Mitigation of the human influences, such as reducing greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, is a major challenge yet to be adequately addressed and the effectiveness of any mitigation actions needs to be documented in order for them to continue. However, given the likelihood of large future human-ind ...
... Mitigation of the human influences, such as reducing greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, is a major challenge yet to be adequately addressed and the effectiveness of any mitigation actions needs to be documented in order for them to continue. However, given the likelihood of large future human-ind ...
Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not
... The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors, climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers, but their absolute and relative importance remains controversial. To date, focus has been on the extinction chronology of indiv ...
... The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors, climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers, but their absolute and relative importance remains controversial. To date, focus has been on the extinction chronology of indiv ...
New Zealand`s Climate Change Target
... is usual for a developed country (see box 3 on the effect of different gases). While there are currently few viable options for reducing agricultural emissions in the short term, we are a highly efficient agricultural producer by world standards. • New forests planted since 1990 have played a key r ...
... is usual for a developed country (see box 3 on the effect of different gases). While there are currently few viable options for reducing agricultural emissions in the short term, we are a highly efficient agricultural producer by world standards. • New forests planted since 1990 have played a key r ...
Arctic Climate Issues 2014: Short-Lived Climate
... confidence that, collectively, these three SLCPs play a role in both Arctic and global warming, and that measures to address them using existing technologies can be effective and produce beneficial results quickly. For these reasons, the study of methane, black carbon, and ozone is important. Methan ...
... confidence that, collectively, these three SLCPs play a role in both Arctic and global warming, and that measures to address them using existing technologies can be effective and produce beneficial results quickly. For these reasons, the study of methane, black carbon, and ozone is important. Methan ...
Revised text - Harvard Kennedy School
... hopeless stalemate: Nothing much can happen without the United States, the United States will not proceed unless China and other developing countries start at the same time, and China will not start until after the rich countries have gone first. There is only one possible solution, only one knife-e ...
... hopeless stalemate: Nothing much can happen without the United States, the United States will not proceed unless China and other developing countries start at the same time, and China will not start until after the rich countries have gone first. There is only one possible solution, only one knife-e ...
Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not
... The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors, climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers, but their absolute and relative importance remains controversial. To date, focus has been on the extinction chronology of indiv ...
... The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors, climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers, but their absolute and relative importance remains controversial. To date, focus has been on the extinction chronology of indiv ...
PDF
... in a global context via price and quantity changes, and vice versa. Moreover, they are able to assess the “systemic” effect of these shocks, or more specifically the final welfare or general equilibrium outcome which is determined after all the adjustments in the economic system have operated. The f ...
... in a global context via price and quantity changes, and vice versa. Moreover, they are able to assess the “systemic” effect of these shocks, or more specifically the final welfare or general equilibrium outcome which is determined after all the adjustments in the economic system have operated. The f ...
climate change urbanisation and humanitarian crises - Inter
... already fragile economic livelihoods of low income urban dwellers in cities of the global south. Flooding can severely disrupt urban communications and supply chains an outcome which, simultaneously, hampers the logistics of humanitarian intervention and thus compounds the impacts. iii. Shelter impa ...
... already fragile economic livelihoods of low income urban dwellers in cities of the global south. Flooding can severely disrupt urban communications and supply chains an outcome which, simultaneously, hampers the logistics of humanitarian intervention and thus compounds the impacts. iii. Shelter impa ...
senate rules committee - senate floor analysis
... 2) Requires, under the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (HSC §38500 et seq.), ARB to do the following: a) Determine the 1990 statewide GHG emissions level and approve a statewide GHG emissions limit that is equivalent to that level, to be achieved by 2020, and to adopt GHG emissions r ...
... 2) Requires, under the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (HSC §38500 et seq.), ARB to do the following: a) Determine the 1990 statewide GHG emissions level and approve a statewide GHG emissions limit that is equivalent to that level, to be achieved by 2020, and to adopt GHG emissions r ...
6. Earth radiation balance under present day conditions Radiation
... All anthropogenic greenhouse gases over last 150 years result in 3.2 W/m2 forcing (IPCC AR5) From climate models: dT / dA ~ -1.5K / 0.01 ...
... All anthropogenic greenhouse gases over last 150 years result in 3.2 W/m2 forcing (IPCC AR5) From climate models: dT / dA ~ -1.5K / 0.01 ...
CCC energy policy redraft 7 1 1
... carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It seems to have been inspired by the model of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England, in trying to solve a time-inconsistency problem that lim ...
... carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It seems to have been inspired by the model of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England, in trying to solve a time-inconsistency problem that lim ...
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change in Berlin – AFOK
... is a priority in facing climate change risks? The unequivocal answer is: both. Both are essential. Therefore, it is good that Berlin does both. The Berlin Energy and Climate Protection Programme want to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and aims at carbon neutrality until 2050. The ‘Berlin Con ...
... is a priority in facing climate change risks? The unequivocal answer is: both. Both are essential. Therefore, it is good that Berlin does both. The Berlin Energy and Climate Protection Programme want to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and aims at carbon neutrality until 2050. The ‘Berlin Con ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... The, ‘Climate change and resource development scenarios for the Nechako watershed,’ project was envisioned to address a research need identified in a previous project, ‘Preparing proactively for the impacts of climate change on natural and human systems in the Nechako River Basin’ (als0 funded by th ...
... The, ‘Climate change and resource development scenarios for the Nechako watershed,’ project was envisioned to address a research need identified in a previous project, ‘Preparing proactively for the impacts of climate change on natural and human systems in the Nechako River Basin’ (als0 funded by th ...
Monitoring Chemical Climate Change in America
... SO4/NH4/NH3/NO3/HNO3 Inorganic SO4 has low volatility & reacts readily with NH3 to form stable salts • (NH4)2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 1.00 • (NH4)3H(SO4)2 : NH4/SO4 = 0.75 • (NH4)HSO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.50 • H2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.00 Ammonia-rich environment: NH4/SO4>1.00 (Seinfeld, Saxena,Tanner,etal.) ...
... SO4/NH4/NH3/NO3/HNO3 Inorganic SO4 has low volatility & reacts readily with NH3 to form stable salts • (NH4)2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 1.00 • (NH4)3H(SO4)2 : NH4/SO4 = 0.75 • (NH4)HSO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.50 • H2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.00 Ammonia-rich environment: NH4/SO4>1.00 (Seinfeld, Saxena,Tanner,etal.) ...
The Climate Co-benefits of Obesity Reduction
... During the second half of the twentieth century, traditional plant-based diets have been replaced by highfat energy dense diets consisting of substantial amounts of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy products (WHO, 2003). Per-capita meat consumption has increased 43% in industrialized nation ...
... During the second half of the twentieth century, traditional plant-based diets have been replaced by highfat energy dense diets consisting of substantial amounts of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy products (WHO, 2003). Per-capita meat consumption has increased 43% in industrialized nation ...
Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... Peterson and Vose, 1997). Anomalies are calculated relative to the 1961–1990 average. The smoothed curve was created using a 21-point binomial filter, which approximates a 10-year running mean. Note: When compared to a GLOBAL temperature anomaly, you can clearly see that the warming in the Arctic is ...
... Peterson and Vose, 1997). Anomalies are calculated relative to the 1961–1990 average. The smoothed curve was created using a 21-point binomial filter, which approximates a 10-year running mean. Note: When compared to a GLOBAL temperature anomaly, you can clearly see that the warming in the Arctic is ...
Climatic change in mountain regions: a review of
... propagation of malaria as an indicator of climatic change. Regions that are today unfavorable for the development of the disease, which is in part climatically-driven, may open up to malaria in areas that would experience more favorable temperature and moisture conditions than today; Tourism: over t ...
... propagation of malaria as an indicator of climatic change. Regions that are today unfavorable for the development of the disease, which is in part climatically-driven, may open up to malaria in areas that would experience more favorable temperature and moisture conditions than today; Tourism: over t ...
Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain
... topographical effects, grain size, air advection, snow mantle characteristics), which can change very rapidly over a short distance (e.g. Lambiel & Pieracci 2008). The response to climate change will be filtered by these factors both because they determine the local effects of regional climate chang ...
... topographical effects, grain size, air advection, snow mantle characteristics), which can change very rapidly over a short distance (e.g. Lambiel & Pieracci 2008). The response to climate change will be filtered by these factors both because they determine the local effects of regional climate chang ...
REACT Ferruginous Hawk Climate Change Study Summary
... why and when FEHAs move within and from their home ranges on the breeding grounds as well as migration and during the winter. 44 transmittered FEHA made at least one breeding attempt, 15 of these GPS tracked birds were within 15 km of a weather station. We have used these data to determine how inter ...
... why and when FEHAs move within and from their home ranges on the breeding grounds as well as migration and during the winter. 44 transmittered FEHA made at least one breeding attempt, 15 of these GPS tracked birds were within 15 km of a weather station. We have used these data to determine how inter ...
Climate change and seafood safety: Human health implications
... atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (concentrations of CO2 have increased by more than 30%, from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to present day levels of 387 ppm (Earth Systems Research Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; http://co2now.org/)). Other ...
... atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (concentrations of CO2 have increased by more than 30%, from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to present day levels of 387 ppm (Earth Systems Research Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; http://co2now.org/)). Other ...
Adaptation to climate change starts with human–environment
... historical greenhouse gas emissions, developing nations are highly vulnerable to future impacts (AOSIS, 1999; Apuuli et al., 2000). Increasing adaptive capacity to climate change is a development issue that competes for resources with other development issues, such as food security, social equity, e ...
... historical greenhouse gas emissions, developing nations are highly vulnerable to future impacts (AOSIS, 1999; Apuuli et al., 2000). Increasing adaptive capacity to climate change is a development issue that competes for resources with other development issues, such as food security, social equity, e ...
Changing Pollen Types/Concentrations
... on increased plant biomass, flower production, and pollen. A natural split occurs within the literature between crop plants and wild species, with a further differentiation between physiologic types based on photosynthesis (C3 legumes, C3, and C 4 physiology). Jablonski et al. [12] analyzed 1391 pai ...
... on increased plant biomass, flower production, and pollen. A natural split occurs within the literature between crop plants and wild species, with a further differentiation between physiologic types based on photosynthesis (C3 legumes, C3, and C 4 physiology). Jablonski et al. [12] analyzed 1391 pai ...
save
... As a result of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface and is not immediately reflected back to space, the Earth warms. By how much does the Earth warm? By just enough that it reaches a temperature at which the Earth radiates energy to space at the same rate that the sun transmits ener ...
... As a result of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface and is not immediately reflected back to space, the Earth warms. By how much does the Earth warm? By just enough that it reaches a temperature at which the Earth radiates energy to space at the same rate that the sun transmits ener ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.