Adaptation to Climate Change in the Baltic Countries
... will lay the ground work for preparing a comprehensive EU adaptation strategy to be implemented during phase 2, commencing in 2013. Phase 1 focuses on the following key actions: 1) building a stronger knowledge base on the impact and consequences of climate change for the EU; 2) taking climate chang ...
... will lay the ground work for preparing a comprehensive EU adaptation strategy to be implemented during phase 2, commencing in 2013. Phase 1 focuses on the following key actions: 1) building a stronger knowledge base on the impact and consequences of climate change for the EU; 2) taking climate chang ...
Climate Change Effects on Marine and Coastal Habitats in
... cases, this document uses language taken directly from the cited sources. This document is for discussion purposes only and is not intended to be published or cited. Readers should cite the primary sources of information. Please note that we accepted information as it was presented in synthesis repo ...
... cases, this document uses language taken directly from the cited sources. This document is for discussion purposes only and is not intended to be published or cited. Readers should cite the primary sources of information. Please note that we accepted information as it was presented in synthesis repo ...
This paper reports on a special health concern identified in Barrow
... Conclusion ‐ Loss of traditional cellars is occurring in Barrow and in other Arctic communities, due to warming soil temperatures and permafrost thaw. This is reducing the quality and quantity of food available to residents. The degree of vulnerability and the factors tha ...
... Conclusion ‐ Loss of traditional cellars is occurring in Barrow and in other Arctic communities, due to warming soil temperatures and permafrost thaw. This is reducing the quality and quantity of food available to residents. The degree of vulnerability and the factors tha ...
here - Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy
... of Solutions” that the 2015 Paris Agreement needs to advance, and build post-Paris momentum. While important steps to achieve each of the three components must precede the 2015 Paris Agreement, equally essential are the actions taken to further develop and implement these strategies after Paris. Thi ...
... of Solutions” that the 2015 Paris Agreement needs to advance, and build post-Paris momentum. While important steps to achieve each of the three components must precede the 2015 Paris Agreement, equally essential are the actions taken to further develop and implement these strategies after Paris. Thi ...
publication (accessible PDF, 2.8 MB)
... success of which resonates around the world. An example of this is Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), an approach that focuses on the conservation of natural resources and their dependent ecosystem services, either to supplement or replace other adaptation measures. In contrast to traditional approac ...
... success of which resonates around the world. An example of this is Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), an approach that focuses on the conservation of natural resources and their dependent ecosystem services, either to supplement or replace other adaptation measures. In contrast to traditional approac ...
How does climate mitigation policy affect adaptation? An empirical
... resulting from the above four mechanisms of harvest timing, harvest intensity, replanting, and natural disturbance. Thus, a major gap in the literature on climate change and natural resources is in understanding the time path of how a landscape can change when it is comprised of many individual land ...
... resulting from the above four mechanisms of harvest timing, harvest intensity, replanting, and natural disturbance. Thus, a major gap in the literature on climate change and natural resources is in understanding the time path of how a landscape can change when it is comprised of many individual land ...
Initial NationalCommunication St. Kitts-Nevis
... northern part of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands in the Eastern Caribbean. St. Kitts is located at latitude 170 15' north and longitude 62045' west and Nevis is located two miles (3 km) to the south-east, at 170 10' north and longitude 62035' west. First settled by the British in 1623, the isla ...
... northern part of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands in the Eastern Caribbean. St. Kitts is located at latitude 170 15' north and longitude 62045' west and Nevis is located two miles (3 km) to the south-east, at 170 10' north and longitude 62035' west. First settled by the British in 1623, the isla ...
Relationship between climate change and the full and effective
... protection mechanisms can be made to protect children from the negative effects of climate change. Germany emphasized that such an approach was called for and should be guided by relevant commitments under the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda and the Sendai Framework. Further objectives like increas ...
... protection mechanisms can be made to protect children from the negative effects of climate change. Germany emphasized that such an approach was called for and should be guided by relevant commitments under the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda and the Sendai Framework. Further objectives like increas ...
PDF
... the study. As shown by the graph, according to the climatic projections and under the assumption that the genetic material and agricultural practices would not change substantially, it is predicted that climate change would reduce significantly the area with suitability for coffee between both perio ...
... the study. As shown by the graph, according to the climatic projections and under the assumption that the genetic material and agricultural practices would not change substantially, it is predicted that climate change would reduce significantly the area with suitability for coffee between both perio ...
Gendering climate change”
... The climate changes confronting the world leave no country unaffected and pose grave challenges to the international society‟s ability to cooperate in coping with this new reality. The consequences of the climate changes are unequally distributed. The developing countries, due to both their geograph ...
... The climate changes confronting the world leave no country unaffected and pose grave challenges to the international society‟s ability to cooperate in coping with this new reality. The consequences of the climate changes are unequally distributed. The developing countries, due to both their geograph ...
Junk Mail`s Impact on Global Warming
... 9. Idling cars use 3.5 liters, or 0.92 gallons, of fuel per hour. That means they emit 8.13 kilograms of CO2e per hour. It would take almost 2.5 million cars idling 24/7 for one year to emit as much as the emissions associated with the junk mail production, distribution and waste disposal system. (O ...
... 9. Idling cars use 3.5 liters, or 0.92 gallons, of fuel per hour. That means they emit 8.13 kilograms of CO2e per hour. It would take almost 2.5 million cars idling 24/7 for one year to emit as much as the emissions associated with the junk mail production, distribution and waste disposal system. (O ...
Outdoor Recreation and Tourism
... change for the Midwest area as laid out in other chapters of this report suggest a wide variety of implications for participation in outdoor recreation and tourism activities, as well as for the sustainability of the industry that supports these activities. Table 1 outlines the most significant clim ...
... change for the Midwest area as laid out in other chapters of this report suggest a wide variety of implications for participation in outdoor recreation and tourism activities, as well as for the sustainability of the industry that supports these activities. Table 1 outlines the most significant clim ...
1. Climate Catastrophe - Global Commons Institute
... Industrial civilization derives almost all its energy from the burning of fossil fuels, pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere – with the exception of approximately 2-3 per cent from renewable and nuclear sources. The emissions of primarily CO 2 – but also nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocar ...
... Industrial civilization derives almost all its energy from the burning of fossil fuels, pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere – with the exception of approximately 2-3 per cent from renewable and nuclear sources. The emissions of primarily CO 2 – but also nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocar ...
CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PERCEPTION AND POLICY
... Clearly, the American public will play a critical role, both in terms of their direct consumption of fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, and through their support for political leaders or government policies to mitigate or adapt to global climate change. Since the year 2000, numerou ...
... Clearly, the American public will play a critical role, both in terms of their direct consumption of fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, and through their support for political leaders or government policies to mitigate or adapt to global climate change. Since the year 2000, numerou ...
What do stakeholders need to manage for climate change
... context of planning for future resource management in the face of change at multiple timescales. As we will describe next, data and information needs were often expressed in terms informing warning systems, evaluating impacts or planning for uncertain or very different, unpredictable futures. Second ...
... context of planning for future resource management in the face of change at multiple timescales. As we will describe next, data and information needs were often expressed in terms informing warning systems, evaluating impacts or planning for uncertain or very different, unpredictable futures. Second ...
Caring for climate a guide to the climate change convention
... members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Parties), including the Russian Federation, the Baltic States, and several Central and Eastern European States. For countries currently listed under Annex I, see ...
... members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Parties), including the Russian Federation, the Baltic States, and several Central and Eastern European States. For countries currently listed under Annex I, see ...
Does climate change pose a threat or opportunity to Swedish business?
... The year 2006 became one of the hottest and most extreme years in Sweden since data collections commenced in the1860’s. The extreme torrents of water and landslides in Western Sweden in December 2006 pose a recent example of how Sweden has become more exposed to flooding over the last three decades, ...
... The year 2006 became one of the hottest and most extreme years in Sweden since data collections commenced in the1860’s. The extreme torrents of water and landslides in Western Sweden in December 2006 pose a recent example of how Sweden has become more exposed to flooding over the last three decades, ...
The Importance of Carbon Footprint Estimation
... After years of discussion, a fourth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1), and increasing requirements from retailers and shareholders, firms around the world are now considering the extent of their carbon emissions, often called their “carbon footprint,” and the mea ...
... After years of discussion, a fourth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1), and increasing requirements from retailers and shareholders, firms around the world are now considering the extent of their carbon emissions, often called their “carbon footprint,” and the mea ...
Greenhouse Gangsters vs. Climate Justice
... causes of global warming and allowing the Earth to continue to nourish our lives and those of all living beings. This entails radically reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Climate Justice means opposing destruction wreaked by the Greenhouse Gangsters at every step of the ...
... causes of global warming and allowing the Earth to continue to nourish our lives and those of all living beings. This entails radically reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Climate Justice means opposing destruction wreaked by the Greenhouse Gangsters at every step of the ...
Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Resources Variability
... (CCCMA), Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) is resolved at a spatial resolution of 3.75◦ longitude by 3.7◦ latitude; the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research HadCM3 model is resolved at a spatial resolution of 3.75◦ longitude by 2.5◦ latitude, and so on. Table 12.1 above shows the dif ...
... (CCCMA), Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) is resolved at a spatial resolution of 3.75◦ longitude by 3.7◦ latitude; the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research HadCM3 model is resolved at a spatial resolution of 3.75◦ longitude by 2.5◦ latitude, and so on. Table 12.1 above shows the dif ...
Url (EN)
... challenge will require pioneering efforts in science, pollution control, land management, and law. Scientists believe that increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, contribute to climate change. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation add gre ...
... challenge will require pioneering efforts in science, pollution control, land management, and law. Scientists believe that increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, contribute to climate change. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation add gre ...
REGULATING GREENHOUSE GASES UNDER THE CLEAN AIR
... Abstract The earth continues to get hotter as a result of anthropogenic climate change and adverse effects will increase in frequency and severity for populations and economies across the United States. There is clear scientific consensus that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be dramatically dec ...
... Abstract The earth continues to get hotter as a result of anthropogenic climate change and adverse effects will increase in frequency and severity for populations and economies across the United States. There is clear scientific consensus that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be dramatically dec ...
Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate
... (see ref. 11 and references therein). The IPCC AR4 concludes1 that ECS is likely (greater than 66% probability12 ) in the range from 2 to 4.5 ◦ C, with a most likely value (mode) of about 3 ◦ C. Furthermore, ECS is very likely (greater than 90% probability12 ) larger than 1.5 ◦ C, and values substan ...
... (see ref. 11 and references therein). The IPCC AR4 concludes1 that ECS is likely (greater than 66% probability12 ) in the range from 2 to 4.5 ◦ C, with a most likely value (mode) of about 3 ◦ C. Furthermore, ECS is very likely (greater than 90% probability12 ) larger than 1.5 ◦ C, and values substan ...
Global temperature change
... same up to 2000, so the different responses provide one measure of unforced variability in the model. Because of this chaotic variability, a 17-year period is too brief for precise assessment of model predictions, but distinction among scenarios and comparison with the real world will become clearer ...
... same up to 2000, so the different responses provide one measure of unforced variability in the model. Because of this chaotic variability, a 17-year period is too brief for precise assessment of model predictions, but distinction among scenarios and comparison with the real world will become clearer ...
Climatic changes and associated impacts in the Mediterranean
... drift in its surface climate. The control run is basically the GCM being run for 240 years at 1961–1990 atmospheric concentrations. Any variation in the control run should stem from natural variability. The last 30 years of the control run, 1961–1990, are used here as reference for comparison with f ...
... drift in its surface climate. The control run is basically the GCM being run for 240 years at 1961–1990 atmospheric concentrations. Any variation in the control run should stem from natural variability. The last 30 years of the control run, 1961–1990, are used here as reference for comparison with f ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.