Development of a metamodel tool for regional integrated climate
... one sector to be assessed with respect to another sector. Single sector studies are clearly limited by their inability to treat all of the processes that may be important in affecting a sector. It becomes clear when undertaking assessments in this way that the various regional-scale sectors are inte ...
... one sector to be assessed with respect to another sector. Single sector studies are clearly limited by their inability to treat all of the processes that may be important in affecting a sector. It becomes clear when undertaking assessments in this way that the various regional-scale sectors are inte ...
Biosphere feedbacks and climate change
... This briefing paper is an assessment of the state of knowledge about the most important feedbacks associated with the biosphere (terrestrial and marine ecosystems). We draw extensively on AR5, but we also refer to a significant body of scientific literature published since 2012 and therefore not so ...
... This briefing paper is an assessment of the state of knowledge about the most important feedbacks associated with the biosphere (terrestrial and marine ecosystems). We draw extensively on AR5, but we also refer to a significant body of scientific literature published since 2012 and therefore not so ...
Climate change and the natural heritage
... to the effects of climate change. The Scottish Government has faced up to these challenges, as we must if we are to create a more successful country. We have introduced world leading climate change legislation, requiring action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, and through ...
... to the effects of climate change. The Scottish Government has faced up to these challenges, as we must if we are to create a more successful country. We have introduced world leading climate change legislation, requiring action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, and through ...
The Bottom Line on Climate Change: A Manitoba Business Guide
... money if you want to stay in business! That is why entrepreneurs see environmental problems as business opportunities2. A common myth about taking action on climate change is that it will cost your business. However, the cost of inaction now outweigh those of early action, and the sooner positive ac ...
... money if you want to stay in business! That is why entrepreneurs see environmental problems as business opportunities2. A common myth about taking action on climate change is that it will cost your business. However, the cost of inaction now outweigh those of early action, and the sooner positive ac ...
PDF
... Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher concentrations of CO2 and changes in temperatures, also affect plant growth ...
... Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate change would lessen grain yield. However, other features of the future climate scenario, such as higher concentrations of CO2 and changes in temperatures, also affect plant growth ...
NAPAs and NAPs in Least Developed Countries
... and resilience,” and (b) ” facilitate integration of climate change adaptation, in a coherent manner, into relevant new and existing policies, programmes and activities, in particular development planning processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at different levels, as appropriate” ...
... and resilience,” and (b) ” facilitate integration of climate change adaptation, in a coherent manner, into relevant new and existing policies, programmes and activities, in particular development planning processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at different levels, as appropriate” ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DESIGNING CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY Joseph E. Aldy
... main sources of controversy, by pulling together key findings from diverse literatures on mitigation costs, damage valuation, policy instrument choice, technological innovation, and international climate policy. Our aim is to do this in a highly succinct fashion, so the nonspecialist can quickly get ...
... main sources of controversy, by pulling together key findings from diverse literatures on mitigation costs, damage valuation, policy instrument choice, technological innovation, and international climate policy. Our aim is to do this in a highly succinct fashion, so the nonspecialist can quickly get ...
Lecture 22
... The IPCC claims that most of the global warming since 1950 is very likely due to A. B. C. D. ...
... The IPCC claims that most of the global warming since 1950 is very likely due to A. B. C. D. ...
Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018
... With the publication of the PECC 2014-2018 and under the leadership of President Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexico will become an international reference on specific public policies and actions to face extreme meteorological phenomena due to climate change. Mexico has already witnessed the effects of these ...
... With the publication of the PECC 2014-2018 and under the leadership of President Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexico will become an international reference on specific public policies and actions to face extreme meteorological phenomena due to climate change. Mexico has already witnessed the effects of these ...
Climate Change Impact Assessment 2010
... mitigate the potential impacts, and also developed a range of responses that could be considered in the future. The assessment found that overall, the SCA has a high degree of preparedness for many of the potential impacts of climate change. Water resource managers in Australia have historically had ...
... mitigate the potential impacts, and also developed a range of responses that could be considered in the future. The assessment found that overall, the SCA has a high degree of preparedness for many of the potential impacts of climate change. Water resource managers in Australia have historically had ...
PwC Survey on Sustainable Development in Latin America
... for the 21st century” . This need for harmonization is valid for the developed world, but even more so for the developing world such as Latin America, especially when many highly experts consider that the trend of growth ...
... for the 21st century” . This need for harmonization is valid for the developed world, but even more so for the developing world such as Latin America, especially when many highly experts consider that the trend of growth ...
2 Echoes of 1983 `Weather Alert` report
... The example of Viet Nam – facing a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change Vietnam faces a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change – typhoons, floods, and drought. In August 2007 a severe storm and flooding devastated the country’s central provinces. Then in October, Typhoon Lekima caused landslides and wi ...
... The example of Viet Nam – facing a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change Vietnam faces a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change – typhoons, floods, and drought. In August 2007 a severe storm and flooding devastated the country’s central provinces. Then in October, Typhoon Lekima caused landslides and wi ...
Displacement and Migration from Climate Hot
... or mechanism to prevent and alleviate the negative impacts of further displacement. ...
... or mechanism to prevent and alleviate the negative impacts of further displacement. ...
Climate Change Act 2017 - Victorian Legislation and Parliamentary
... 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1·5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. There is overwhelming scientific consensus that human activity is causing climate change and that global emissions will need to decline to net zer ...
... 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1·5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. There is overwhelming scientific consensus that human activity is causing climate change and that global emissions will need to decline to net zer ...
Climate Change and Health: Is There a Role for the Health Care
... change. Existing illnesses and challenges in daily life are further complicated by disruptions in access to public services, displacement from homes and the need to migrate with limited transportation options, and increased stress as a result of extreme climate events. Worldwide, adverse health impa ...
... change. Existing illnesses and challenges in daily life are further complicated by disruptions in access to public services, displacement from homes and the need to migrate with limited transportation options, and increased stress as a result of extreme climate events. Worldwide, adverse health impa ...
Climate Change and Brisbane Biodiversity
... 1998, Pearson and Dawson 2003), and the Thomas paper has been criticised as an exaggeration (Botkin, et al. 2007, Lewis 2006). Botkin et al. (2007) noted that extreme climatic swings during the Quaternary did not produce the level of extinctions predicted by future climate change, with North America ...
... 1998, Pearson and Dawson 2003), and the Thomas paper has been criticised as an exaggeration (Botkin, et al. 2007, Lewis 2006). Botkin et al. (2007) noted that extreme climatic swings during the Quaternary did not produce the level of extinctions predicted by future climate change, with North America ...
Mitigation of What and by What? Adaptation by Whom and
... evolution of the climate-finance architecture, many of the fundamentally politicised issues that shape the existing dilemma on how to confront global climate change have been avoided or delayed. A largely market-driven response has not advanced an accountability-driven, long-term agenda, and competi ...
... evolution of the climate-finance architecture, many of the fundamentally politicised issues that shape the existing dilemma on how to confront global climate change have been avoided or delayed. A largely market-driven response has not advanced an accountability-driven, long-term agenda, and competi ...
Investigation of the effects of increases in agricultural productivity
... overall shift at the aggregated level. An increase in productivity does not imply increased labour opportunities but rather the contrary. In most cases, a productivity increase is due to investments in technology that save in labour input but increase in capital cost. With regard to food security, i ...
... overall shift at the aggregated level. An increase in productivity does not imply increased labour opportunities but rather the contrary. In most cases, a productivity increase is due to investments in technology that save in labour input but increase in capital cost. With regard to food security, i ...
How do recent population trends matter to climate change?
... most of the warming is very likely due to greenhouse gas emissions—with a confidence level of greater than 90% (Parry et al. 2007). The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report provides for the first time concrete observations of the effects of climate change on human society. The report, produced in 2007, ind ...
... most of the warming is very likely due to greenhouse gas emissions—with a confidence level of greater than 90% (Parry et al. 2007). The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report provides for the first time concrete observations of the effects of climate change on human society. The report, produced in 2007, ind ...
S e c u r i t y A n...
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... ice, variable precipitation, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (Solomon et al. 2007). Large-scale changes to Earth’s system are collectively referred to as climate change. ...
... ice, variable precipitation, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (Solomon et al. 2007). Large-scale changes to Earth’s system are collectively referred to as climate change. ...
High Resolution - Responses to Climate Change
... incorporating climate change information into the assessments that support water resources decisions and actions. Such planning assessments must quantify projections of future climate and hydrology. One common practice is to begin by developing relationships between the currently observed climate an ...
... incorporating climate change information into the assessments that support water resources decisions and actions. Such planning assessments must quantify projections of future climate and hydrology. One common practice is to begin by developing relationships between the currently observed climate an ...
Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Ground
... economic effects and indirect economic effects. From an economic standpoint, direct economic effects are associated with the supply side of a transportation sector while indirect economic effects reflect changes on the demand side of the transportation sector. In general, direct economic effects of ...
... economic effects and indirect economic effects. From an economic standpoint, direct economic effects are associated with the supply side of a transportation sector while indirect economic effects reflect changes on the demand side of the transportation sector. In general, direct economic effects of ...
Climate change and ocean acidification in OSPAR
... environment. Ecosystems in the marine environment, and in particular species already under pressure from other human activities, are not as resilient to a changing ocean climate as those in a healthy state. OSPAR’s committees already focus on a variety of adverse effects from human activities, there ...
... environment. Ecosystems in the marine environment, and in particular species already under pressure from other human activities, are not as resilient to a changing ocean climate as those in a healthy state. OSPAR’s committees already focus on a variety of adverse effects from human activities, there ...
Natural Variability, Anthropogenic Climate Change, and Impacts on
... March) that supplies most of the year’s precipitation is heavily affected by climate fluctuations. In other areas, such as the eastern part of the United States, each season has the potential to contribute significantly to the annual total at that location. But in California, the warm-season months ...
... March) that supplies most of the year’s precipitation is heavily affected by climate fluctuations. In other areas, such as the eastern part of the United States, each season has the potential to contribute significantly to the annual total at that location. But in California, the warm-season months ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.