Combat vs. Climate - Institute for Policy Studies
... As the comparison of the budgets for traditional military force and for climate security make clear, climate change does not occupy space in the federal budget commensurate with the threat it poses to our security. Bringing our security policy in line with our security budget therefore requires adju ...
... As the comparison of the budgets for traditional military force and for climate security make clear, climate change does not occupy space in the federal budget commensurate with the threat it poses to our security. Bringing our security policy in line with our security budget therefore requires adju ...
The Availability Heuristic, Intuitive Cost
... States can be distinguished along a single axis: Europe accepts the Precautionary Principle, and the United States does not. On this view, Europeans attempt to build a “margin of safety” into public decisions, taking care to protect citizens against risks that cannot be established with certainty. B ...
... States can be distinguished along a single axis: Europe accepts the Precautionary Principle, and the United States does not. On this view, Europeans attempt to build a “margin of safety” into public decisions, taking care to protect citizens against risks that cannot be established with certainty. B ...
Document
... communities, it is essential to understand the possible alternative action paths. Some responses could help to diminish harm and develop new opportunities; others may cause additional problems, called maladaptation (see Agrawal, 2008). To shape the debate towards more constructive approaches, it is ...
... communities, it is essential to understand the possible alternative action paths. Some responses could help to diminish harm and develop new opportunities; others may cause additional problems, called maladaptation (see Agrawal, 2008). To shape the debate towards more constructive approaches, it is ...
Adapted from a Public Briefing
... hurricanes are considered extreme. • Small changes in averages for many variables resulting in larger changes in extremes. ...
... hurricanes are considered extreme. • Small changes in averages for many variables resulting in larger changes in extremes. ...
Planning and Climate Change - Greater Manchester Minerals Plan
... Planning and Climate Change Planning Policy Statements (PPS) set out the Government’s national policies on different aspects of spatial planning in England. PPS1 sets out the overarching planning policies on the delivery of sustainable development through the planning system. This PPS on climate cha ...
... Planning and Climate Change Planning Policy Statements (PPS) set out the Government’s national policies on different aspects of spatial planning in England. PPS1 sets out the overarching planning policies on the delivery of sustainable development through the planning system. This PPS on climate cha ...
Hurricanes - EnviroEcon
... is primarily due to more people living on the coast ATMOS 1020, Climate Change, Thomas Reichler, U nivers ity of Utah, 18 ...
... is primarily due to more people living on the coast ATMOS 1020, Climate Change, Thomas Reichler, U nivers ity of Utah, 18 ...
Selecting Ensemble Members to Provide Regional Climate Change
... rainfall is unrealistic, projected changes in that system will be manifest as changes in an unrealistic position or time of year. The common practice of applying futureminus-baseline anomalies from model projections to observations to generate climate scenarios is highly vulnerable to errors generat ...
... rainfall is unrealistic, projected changes in that system will be manifest as changes in an unrealistic position or time of year. The common practice of applying futureminus-baseline anomalies from model projections to observations to generate climate scenarios is highly vulnerable to errors generat ...
Towards Policy Integration of Disaster Risk, Climate Adaptation, and
... Goal 11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” [11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, inclu ...
... Goal 11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” [11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, inclu ...
climate change and the mediterranean region
... Sustainable development hinges on international action to cut greenhouse gas emissions Future climate change could critically undermine efforts for sustainable development in the Mediterranean region through its impacts on the environment and social and economic well-being. While in many respects cl ...
... Sustainable development hinges on international action to cut greenhouse gas emissions Future climate change could critically undermine efforts for sustainable development in the Mediterranean region through its impacts on the environment and social and economic well-being. While in many respects cl ...
Samoa
... on the air (atmosphere). Part of this proposal requested for ozone monitoring to assess the links to climate change impacts on air quality in Samoa. Climate change impacts on air quality in Samoa are not very well-known as it does not have the air quality monitoring equipment (AQME). Needless to say ...
... on the air (atmosphere). Part of this proposal requested for ozone monitoring to assess the links to climate change impacts on air quality in Samoa. Climate change impacts on air quality in Samoa are not very well-known as it does not have the air quality monitoring equipment (AQME). Needless to say ...
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources in the Rio
... were calibrated using data from 1970 to 1980, while the period 1981 to 2001 was used for model validation. The model was calibrated by modifying values of parameters, following the approach described by Collischonn et al. (2007a). The multi-objective MOCOM-UA optimization algorithm (Yapo et al., 199 ...
... were calibrated using data from 1970 to 1980, while the period 1981 to 2001 was used for model validation. The model was calibrated by modifying values of parameters, following the approach described by Collischonn et al. (2007a). The multi-objective MOCOM-UA optimization algorithm (Yapo et al., 199 ...
Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature December 2010
... a working group to accelerate the use of forestry offset credits to prevent tropical deforestation. Participating in, and building capacity for global action is a necessary component of California’s response to this global problem. Protecting the state requires regional and global engagement. These ...
... a working group to accelerate the use of forestry offset credits to prevent tropical deforestation. Participating in, and building capacity for global action is a necessary component of California’s response to this global problem. Protecting the state requires regional and global engagement. These ...
the global monsoon systems
... understand longer-term variations, including the possible influence of human-induced climate change. Numerical models, which are typically run on super-computers, are mathematical representations of the atmospheresea-land-ice system. Approximately 25 modeling centers worldwide participate in coordin ...
... understand longer-term variations, including the possible influence of human-induced climate change. Numerical models, which are typically run on super-computers, are mathematical representations of the atmospheresea-land-ice system. Approximately 25 modeling centers worldwide participate in coordin ...
Malawi has established weather related early warning systems for
... viii) There are also many gaps in the existing early warning networks in terms of geographic coverage and the hazards for which warnings are produced. In general, there is a bias towards flooding with less emphasis placed on drought, agricultural stresses and severe weather, such as Mwera winds over ...
... viii) There are also many gaps in the existing early warning networks in terms of geographic coverage and the hazards for which warnings are produced. In general, there is a bias towards flooding with less emphasis placed on drought, agricultural stresses and severe weather, such as Mwera winds over ...
Climate Change, Public Health and Health Inequalities
... temperature – yet we seem unprepared when it happens. There is a 1 in 40 chance that by 2012, southern England will have a severe heatwave which could again cause up to 10,000 heat related deaths.6 A wide variety of people are at risk, but particularly the most vulnerable in society including the el ...
... temperature – yet we seem unprepared when it happens. There is a 1 in 40 chance that by 2012, southern England will have a severe heatwave which could again cause up to 10,000 heat related deaths.6 A wide variety of people are at risk, but particularly the most vulnerable in society including the el ...
- Eionet Forum
... pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Bergström, R., 2007, Interannual variationand trends in air pollution over Europe due to Climate variability during 1958-2001 simulated with a regional CTM coupled to the ERA40 reanalysis, Tellus, 59B, 77-98 Bengtsson, L., K ...
... pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Bergström, R., 2007, Interannual variationand trends in air pollution over Europe due to Climate variability during 1958-2001 simulated with a regional CTM coupled to the ERA40 reanalysis, Tellus, 59B, 77-98 Bengtsson, L., K ...
Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in
... effects which are considered to be part of the forcing. This is done partly because the resulting values for F are more nearly model-independent and hence useful for comparative studies of the climatic effects of different forcings (e.g. Shine et al., 2003; Hansen et al., 2005). The arbitrariness of ...
... effects which are considered to be part of the forcing. This is done partly because the resulting values for F are more nearly model-independent and hence useful for comparative studies of the climatic effects of different forcings (e.g. Shine et al., 2003; Hansen et al., 2005). The arbitrariness of ...
Adaptation and the Courtroom: Judging Climate Science
... Science is becoming increasingly important in litigation and agency proceedings related to climate change. With the growing emphasis upon adaptation, the potential for disputes in which climate science will be relevant will only multiply. Judges play a critical role in evaluating scientific evidence ...
... Science is becoming increasingly important in litigation and agency proceedings related to climate change. With the growing emphasis upon adaptation, the potential for disputes in which climate science will be relevant will only multiply. Judges play a critical role in evaluating scientific evidence ...
Document
... they provide a potential downscaling tool to assess surface variables (with respect to their mean and their extreme values) that are not or only poorly resolved in climate models. In this regard CTCs may serve as valuable proxies for atmospheric circulation in a future climate (e.g. Demuzere et al., ...
... they provide a potential downscaling tool to assess surface variables (with respect to their mean and their extreme values) that are not or only poorly resolved in climate models. In this regard CTCs may serve as valuable proxies for atmospheric circulation in a future climate (e.g. Demuzere et al., ...
national sweater day - WWF
... important to them to protect from the effects of climate change? It could be a species, a region, an activity or anything else they love. Use the sweater colouring template on the website to decorate your classroom or school with their ideas. Canada’s Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on t ...
... important to them to protect from the effects of climate change? It could be a species, a region, an activity or anything else they love. Use the sweater colouring template on the website to decorate your classroom or school with their ideas. Canada’s Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on t ...
studies
... 2012). Several Non-Annex I countries also submitted Copenhagen pledges which – under the name of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) – are of voluntary nature.2 The Durban conference in 2011 established the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action as a new track for negotiating an internat ...
... 2012). Several Non-Annex I countries also submitted Copenhagen pledges which – under the name of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) – are of voluntary nature.2 The Durban conference in 2011 established the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action as a new track for negotiating an internat ...
Public open house summary
... Alberta’s Climate Leadership Discussions engaged with a wide range of Albertans to help inform the province’s action plan on climate change. The engagement process was led by Alberta’s Climate Change Advisory Panel with support from the Climate Change Secretariat, within the Department of Environmen ...
... Alberta’s Climate Leadership Discussions engaged with a wide range of Albertans to help inform the province’s action plan on climate change. The engagement process was led by Alberta’s Climate Change Advisory Panel with support from the Climate Change Secretariat, within the Department of Environmen ...
Applying information network analysis to fire
... Applying information network analysis to fire-prone landscapes: implications for community resilience Derric B. Jacobs 1 and Lori A. Cramer 1 ABSTRACT. Resilient communities promote trust, have well-developed networks, and can adapt to change. For rural communities in fire-prone landscapes, current ...
... Applying information network analysis to fire-prone landscapes: implications for community resilience Derric B. Jacobs 1 and Lori A. Cramer 1 ABSTRACT. Resilient communities promote trust, have well-developed networks, and can adapt to change. For rural communities in fire-prone landscapes, current ...
Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific
... are to be implemented as relevant to the individual priorities and needs of stakeholders. Some actions may be better implemented at the regional level and some would need to be further articulated at the national level to suit the specific context, priorities and needs of each individual PICTs. The ...
... are to be implemented as relevant to the individual priorities and needs of stakeholders. Some actions may be better implemented at the regional level and some would need to be further articulated at the national level to suit the specific context, priorities and needs of each individual PICTs. The ...
Impacts of climate change on land-based sectors and
... Opinion-based surveys of this kind have their limitations because they involve a degree of subjectivity and represent one point in time. Another way to gauge the mainstream consensus is to identify what leading scientific institutions have advised their governments and the communities about climate ...
... Opinion-based surveys of this kind have their limitations because they involve a degree of subjectivity and represent one point in time. Another way to gauge the mainstream consensus is to identify what leading scientific institutions have advised their governments and the communities about climate ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.