Exploring the behaviour of atmospheric temperatures under dry
... sites considered, with a 1-σ spread of 1.1 ° C. The largest increases are observed in the Mediterranean zone, with temperatures 3–4 ° C at the end of the 60-year period compared with the beginning for Malaga, Spain, and Cagliari, Italy; the smallest increases over the 60-year record occur in the eas ...
... sites considered, with a 1-σ spread of 1.1 ° C. The largest increases are observed in the Mediterranean zone, with temperatures 3–4 ° C at the end of the 60-year period compared with the beginning for Malaga, Spain, and Cagliari, Italy; the smallest increases over the 60-year record occur in the eas ...
Key elements of a global deal on climate change
... The purpose of this paper is not to prescribe specific instruments or technologies. Different technologies and different policy instruments can be applied to different sectors and countries. Indeed, the more differentiated the global strategy, the greater the scope for learning, so it is important ...
... The purpose of this paper is not to prescribe specific instruments or technologies. Different technologies and different policy instruments can be applied to different sectors and countries. Indeed, the more differentiated the global strategy, the greater the scope for learning, so it is important ...
FAQ 4.2 | Are Glaciers in Mountain Regions Disappearing?
... cover). These factors vary substantially from region to region, and also between neighbouring glaciers. External factors, such as the surrounding topography and the climatic regime, are also important for future glacier evolution. Over shorter time scales (one or two decades), each glacier responds ...
... cover). These factors vary substantially from region to region, and also between neighbouring glaciers. External factors, such as the surrounding topography and the climatic regime, are also important for future glacier evolution. Over shorter time scales (one or two decades), each glacier responds ...
How Do Recent Population Trends Matter to Climate Change?
... Although integrated assessment models (IAM) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consider population, along with economic growth and technological change, as one of the root causes of greenhouse gas emissions, how population dynamics affect climate change is still under debate. Wh ...
... Although integrated assessment models (IAM) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consider population, along with economic growth and technological change, as one of the root causes of greenhouse gas emissions, how population dynamics affect climate change is still under debate. Wh ...
Can International Law Improve the Climate
... mix of these greenhouse gases at any given time determines what proportion of the radiation is contained and held close to the Earth. This in turn determines the temperature of the surface itself.' 3 Industrialization has contributed more greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide and has added a ...
... mix of these greenhouse gases at any given time determines what proportion of the radiation is contained and held close to the Earth. This in turn determines the temperature of the surface itself.' 3 Industrialization has contributed more greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide and has added a ...
Ecosystem services - International Risk Governance Council
... people have been ultimately dependent upon the world’s ecosystems and the benefits that flow from them, and this dependence will continue. But as the human population has flourished, ecosystems have suffered in order to meet the accelerating demands for food, water, timber, and other natural resourc ...
... people have been ultimately dependent upon the world’s ecosystems and the benefits that flow from them, and this dependence will continue. But as the human population has flourished, ecosystems have suffered in order to meet the accelerating demands for food, water, timber, and other natural resourc ...
Adaptation Planning – What Other States are Doing
... come. As a result, strategies for adapting to the impacts of climate change are needed to work in parallel with strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. While governments act to mitigate future climate change, they must also plan and act to address the impacts. This preparation includes r ...
... come. As a result, strategies for adapting to the impacts of climate change are needed to work in parallel with strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. While governments act to mitigate future climate change, they must also plan and act to address the impacts. This preparation includes r ...
Warming Good - RS - DDI
... Craig D. Idso, founder of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, “Study: Global Warming Will Benefit Marine Life”, 10/4/10, http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2010/10/04/study-global-warming-will-benefit-marine-life) Seventeen Australian and Canadian scientists have p ...
... Craig D. Idso, founder of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, “Study: Global Warming Will Benefit Marine Life”, 10/4/10, http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2010/10/04/study-global-warming-will-benefit-marine-life) Seventeen Australian and Canadian scientists have p ...
marther
... considering gender-differentiated social capital formulation and benefits accrued are rare. For example, it is not clear which kinds of social groups are vital while targeting men and women. The study contributes to the existing literature on climate change by applying a unique selfcollected data se ...
... considering gender-differentiated social capital formulation and benefits accrued are rare. For example, it is not clear which kinds of social groups are vital while targeting men and women. The study contributes to the existing literature on climate change by applying a unique selfcollected data se ...
PDF
... considering gender-differentiated social capital formulation and benefits accrued are rare. For example, it is not clear which kinds of social groups are vital while targeting men and women. The study contributes to the existing literature on climate change by applying a unique selfcollected data se ...
... considering gender-differentiated social capital formulation and benefits accrued are rare. For example, it is not clear which kinds of social groups are vital while targeting men and women. The study contributes to the existing literature on climate change by applying a unique selfcollected data se ...
a new report
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
National Security and the Threat of Climate Change
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
... to prevent destabilizing effects from climate change, including setting targets for long term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 3. The U.S. should commit to global partnerships that help less developed nations build the capacity and resiliency to better manage climate impacts. As President Bush ...
Africa Talks Climate
... Africa, and it will be essential to address this problem if communication is to improve. Opinion polls to date have largely focused on Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. They reveal that many people are unfamiliar with “climate change”, “global warming” and related terms.16 This makes it difficult to ...
... Africa, and it will be essential to address this problem if communication is to improve. Opinion polls to date have largely focused on Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. They reveal that many people are unfamiliar with “climate change”, “global warming” and related terms.16 This makes it difficult to ...
PDF
... options and on the carbon market as a whole. To put ourselves in a context of a global climate policy, we consider a target of a 550 ppmv CO2 only stabilization (see IPCC, 2001 for a scientific motivation of the target), and examine the abatement pathway with and without forestry sequestration. Resu ...
... options and on the carbon market as a whole. To put ourselves in a context of a global climate policy, we consider a target of a 550 ppmv CO2 only stabilization (see IPCC, 2001 for a scientific motivation of the target), and examine the abatement pathway with and without forestry sequestration. Resu ...
The impact of climate change and weather on transport - MOWE-IT
... course, the main methodological issues are discussed and obvious shortcomings or drawbacks are addressed. The paper reflects a changing orientation in research and policy in the field of climate change. Until recently the overwhelming majority of research outputs in the field was on mitigation, the cen ...
... course, the main methodological issues are discussed and obvious shortcomings or drawbacks are addressed. The paper reflects a changing orientation in research and policy in the field of climate change. Until recently the overwhelming majority of research outputs in the field was on mitigation, the cen ...
Climate change, Health, and General Practice in
... Dependency, and the self-governing states of Cook Islands and Niue. Due to New Zealand’s historic, social, and geographic proximity to Pacific Island Nations, New Zealand is likely to see an increase in migrants from the Pacific (climate refugees) as the atolls and islands succumb to rising sea-leve ...
... Dependency, and the self-governing states of Cook Islands and Niue. Due to New Zealand’s historic, social, and geographic proximity to Pacific Island Nations, New Zealand is likely to see an increase in migrants from the Pacific (climate refugees) as the atolls and islands succumb to rising sea-leve ...
Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change
... • Some invasive species, whose habitat was previously limited due to climate conditions, may now be able to survive in the GTA, resulting in a rise of invasive species as well as create a strain on our natural systems. Increased potential for the spread of disease and pest infestation will stress l ...
... • Some invasive species, whose habitat was previously limited due to climate conditions, may now be able to survive in the GTA, resulting in a rise of invasive species as well as create a strain on our natural systems. Increased potential for the spread of disease and pest infestation will stress l ...
Climate change in Australia | Rangelands cluster report
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
MRED 2001 research
... (Prentice et al 1992), and BIOME3 (Haxeltine and Prentice 1996). In fact, there is special high-cold vegetation at three altitudinal levels, ie, subnival and nival (ca >5200 m above sea level [asl]); alpine meadow and scrubland, alpine steppe and shrubland, alpine desert in the central plateau, plat ...
... (Prentice et al 1992), and BIOME3 (Haxeltine and Prentice 1996). In fact, there is special high-cold vegetation at three altitudinal levels, ie, subnival and nival (ca >5200 m above sea level [asl]); alpine meadow and scrubland, alpine steppe and shrubland, alpine desert in the central plateau, plat ...
The influence of constrained fossil fuel emissions scenarios on
... attribution of observed climatic trends (e.g. rising temperatures and changes in rainfall) to greenhouse gas emissions may be overstated (Christofides and Koutsoyiannis, 2011). This questions the usefulness of GCMs for projections under future greenhouse gas emissions. In related articles, Wilby (20 ...
... attribution of observed climatic trends (e.g. rising temperatures and changes in rainfall) to greenhouse gas emissions may be overstated (Christofides and Koutsoyiannis, 2011). This questions the usefulness of GCMs for projections under future greenhouse gas emissions. In related articles, Wilby (20 ...
Scenario
... Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These characteristics describe the demographic, technological, economic and social trajectories dri ...
... Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These characteristics describe the demographic, technological, economic and social trajectories dri ...
Global Warming or Not: The Global Climate Is Changing and the
... conditions could lead to wildfires burning large areas of forest. 7 This would cause a further increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases because vegetation acts to absorb carbon dioxide, a main greenhouse gas.'8 To address the concern of global climate change, the Intergovernment ...
... conditions could lead to wildfires burning large areas of forest. 7 This would cause a further increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases because vegetation acts to absorb carbon dioxide, a main greenhouse gas.'8 To address the concern of global climate change, the Intergovernment ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN AFRICA
... if the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases well above pre-industrial values and if vegetation growth is not disturbed. Depending on the rate of CO2 increase, vegetation migration into the Sahara can be rapid, up to 1/10th of the Saharan area per decade, but could not exceed a coverage of 45%. In ...
... if the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases well above pre-industrial values and if vegetation growth is not disturbed. Depending on the rate of CO2 increase, vegetation migration into the Sahara can be rapid, up to 1/10th of the Saharan area per decade, but could not exceed a coverage of 45%. In ...
key issues relevant to capacity building for climate services
... WMO Hydrology Programme to offer regional training 6 times now. Modules are sent to students on DVDs (or can be done online), quizzes are completed online, and instructors interact with students at a distance via a course management system that offers discussion forums a ...
... WMO Hydrology Programme to offer regional training 6 times now. Modules are sent to students on DVDs (or can be done online), quizzes are completed online, and instructors interact with students at a distance via a course management system that offers discussion forums a ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.