The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... objective at that time was not to measure adaptation costs per se, but to refine our understanding of climate change impacts. Modelers recognized that their impact estimates would be wrong if they did not include an adaptive response and overcame the “dumb farmer hypothesis” (the assumption that far ...
... objective at that time was not to measure adaptation costs per se, but to refine our understanding of climate change impacts. Modelers recognized that their impact estimates would be wrong if they did not include an adaptive response and overcame the “dumb farmer hypothesis” (the assumption that far ...
Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia Climate
... changed according to data series prolonged by 2008 (Table 1-5). Less changes are present with Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of ...
... changed according to data series prolonged by 2008 (Table 1-5). Less changes are present with Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of ...
There is general agreement that the negative effects of global
... resilience, can reduce the effects of the events associated with climate change. Ayers discusses how adaptation investments should be additional to, or mainstreamed into traditional development assistance. For the most part, however, the literature has so far focused on what the additional adaptatio ...
... resilience, can reduce the effects of the events associated with climate change. Ayers discusses how adaptation investments should be additional to, or mainstreamed into traditional development assistance. For the most part, however, the literature has so far focused on what the additional adaptatio ...
Challenges to adaptation - National Center for Atmospheric Research
... a closely related vein, Preston et al. (2013) discuss the concept of a climate adaptation frontier. Dow et al. (203 p. 307) note that, “Some adaptation limits have been clearly identified, primarily for ecological systems, exemplified by species extinctions. But little is known about limits in socia ...
... a closely related vein, Preston et al. (2013) discuss the concept of a climate adaptation frontier. Dow et al. (203 p. 307) note that, “Some adaptation limits have been clearly identified, primarily for ecological systems, exemplified by species extinctions. But little is known about limits in socia ...
III. Mitigation of Climate Change: Summary for Policy Makers
... Box SPM.1: The emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1. The A1 storyline and scenario family describes a future world of very rapid economic growth, global population that peaks in mid-century and declines thereafter, and the rapid introduction of new and more e ...
... Box SPM.1: The emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1. The A1 storyline and scenario family describes a future world of very rapid economic growth, global population that peaks in mid-century and declines thereafter, and the rapid introduction of new and more e ...
TITLE HEADER
... Review of progress made in addressing the BPoA commitment on reducing vulnerability and protecting the environment, and ...
... Review of progress made in addressing the BPoA commitment on reducing vulnerability and protecting the environment, and ...
Polar Lows - Hans von Storch
... analysis of past and present change as well as scnearios of possible future conditions a) Application of downscaling strategy to Polar Lows in the N Atlantic b) Application of down scaling strategy to SE Asian typhoons ...
... analysis of past and present change as well as scnearios of possible future conditions a) Application of downscaling strategy to Polar Lows in the N Atlantic b) Application of down scaling strategy to SE Asian typhoons ...
PDF
... Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Jeffrey D. Mullen is an associate professor, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. John ...
... Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Jeffrey D. Mullen is an associate professor, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. John ...
RESIN-D1.3-Conceptual Framework
... risk and resilience processes and outcomes in urban systems. Urban systems are complex, and display multiple interconnections and interdependencies across sectors, spatial scales and temporal scales. As a result urban systems are often viewed conceptually. For example, the European Environment Agenc ...
... risk and resilience processes and outcomes in urban systems. Urban systems are complex, and display multiple interconnections and interdependencies across sectors, spatial scales and temporal scales. As a result urban systems are often viewed conceptually. For example, the European Environment Agenc ...
“The role of conflict for optimal climate and immigration policy
... that is endogenously determined by the extent of climate change. Accepting these migrants allows increases in local production, but, as argued above, gives rise to internal conflicts. In addition, those potential migrants that are forced to move due to climate change but that are not allowed to imm ...
... that is endogenously determined by the extent of climate change. Accepting these migrants allows increases in local production, but, as argued above, gives rise to internal conflicts. In addition, those potential migrants that are forced to move due to climate change but that are not allowed to imm ...
wrm bulletin # 37 - World Rainforest Movement
... a contribution to that end, we have focused this issue of th e WRM Bulletin entirely on this matter, of vital importance for the future of humanity as a whole. The solution to climate change -which is already happening and being suffered by millions of people around the world- is in theory quite sim ...
... a contribution to that end, we have focused this issue of th e WRM Bulletin entirely on this matter, of vital importance for the future of humanity as a whole. The solution to climate change -which is already happening and being suffered by millions of people around the world- is in theory quite sim ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE RUNOFF REGIME OF AN
... river basin (Sarkar, 2013). With global climate change posing a threat to the water resources, it is very much required to carry out an evaluation of future water availability at various temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the hydrological response of a river basin under changing climat ...
... river basin (Sarkar, 2013). With global climate change posing a threat to the water resources, it is very much required to carry out an evaluation of future water availability at various temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the hydrological response of a river basin under changing climat ...
impact of climate change on the runoff regime of an eastern
... river basin (Sarkar, 2013). With global climate change posing a threat to the water resources, it is very much required to carry out an evaluation of future water availability at various temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the hydrological response of a river basin under changing climat ...
... river basin (Sarkar, 2013). With global climate change posing a threat to the water resources, it is very much required to carry out an evaluation of future water availability at various temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the hydrological response of a river basin under changing climat ...
Is there a role for power relations in climate vulnerability and
... issues. Research on both changing climate and degrading ecosystems has concluded that the global environmental crisis will directly and concretely affect human well-being, and exacerbate poverty and social inequalities. Nonetheless, key literature on climate change and ecosystem services has been li ...
... issues. Research on both changing climate and degrading ecosystems has concluded that the global environmental crisis will directly and concretely affect human well-being, and exacerbate poverty and social inequalities. Nonetheless, key literature on climate change and ecosystem services has been li ...
Eleven Antitheses on Cities and States
... Explication. The thesis is an archetypal modern chronological argument that posits a simple evolutionary sequence. Building on the scientific reputation of Darwin, the idea of change as evolution has diffused beyond its knowledge field to be an easy means of designating causal relations. Thus, an ex ...
... Explication. The thesis is an archetypal modern chronological argument that posits a simple evolutionary sequence. Building on the scientific reputation of Darwin, the idea of change as evolution has diffused beyond its knowledge field to be an easy means of designating causal relations. Thus, an ex ...
NPS Central AK report - Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic
... parklands to administer, Alaska park managers need to better understand possible climate change trends in order to better manage Arctic, subarctic, and coastal ecosystems and human uses of these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative appro ...
... parklands to administer, Alaska park managers need to better understand possible climate change trends in order to better manage Arctic, subarctic, and coastal ecosystems and human uses of these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative appro ...
physical risks from climate change
... the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines provide companies with the opportunity to describe in much greater detail their risks, opportunities, strategies, and actions with respect to environmental, social, and other sustainability-related issues, including those related to the physical impac ...
... the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines provide companies with the opportunity to describe in much greater detail their risks, opportunities, strategies, and actions with respect to environmental, social, and other sustainability-related issues, including those related to the physical impac ...
A review of ENSO and Climate Change
... and damping feedbacks, and it is likely that one or more of the major physical processes that are responsible for determining the characteristics of ENSO will be modified by climate change • While the possibility of large changes in ENSO cannot be ruled out, research conducted to date does not yet e ...
... and damping feedbacks, and it is likely that one or more of the major physical processes that are responsible for determining the characteristics of ENSO will be modified by climate change • While the possibility of large changes in ENSO cannot be ruled out, research conducted to date does not yet e ...
Analyzing Urban Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change: A
... Urban studies pointed out the special role of national and local actors as well as institutions in mediating, contesting, and shaping the particular products of economic changes in particular cities (Knox and Taylor 1995; Eade 1997). However, all former approaches seem to conceptualize cities as di ...
... Urban studies pointed out the special role of national and local actors as well as institutions in mediating, contesting, and shaping the particular products of economic changes in particular cities (Knox and Taylor 1995; Eade 1997). However, all former approaches seem to conceptualize cities as di ...
Physical Risks from Climate Change: A guide
... the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines provide companies with the opportunity to describe in much greater detail their risks, opportunities, strategies, and actions with respect to environmental, social, and other sustainability-related issues, including those related to the physical impac ...
... the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines provide companies with the opportunity to describe in much greater detail their risks, opportunities, strategies, and actions with respect to environmental, social, and other sustainability-related issues, including those related to the physical impac ...
Climate and Air Quality - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... use, and industrial emissions over the past two centuries have propelled the Earth System outside the boundaries of the natural system dynamics of the Quaternary period (high certainty). The current concentration of carbon dioxide and methane are unprecedented in the last 420,000 years and possibly ...
... use, and industrial emissions over the past two centuries have propelled the Earth System outside the boundaries of the natural system dynamics of the Quaternary period (high certainty). The current concentration of carbon dioxide and methane are unprecedented in the last 420,000 years and possibly ...
UNDP-TACC Pilot project Uruguay
... The TACC Program is aligned with the United Nations Country Common Assessment in Uruguay (CCA), which identifies the country’s need to reduce its vulnerability to climate change and variability through adaptation programmes and by increasing its risk management capacities. In addition, adaptation to ...
... The TACC Program is aligned with the United Nations Country Common Assessment in Uruguay (CCA), which identifies the country’s need to reduce its vulnerability to climate change and variability through adaptation programmes and by increasing its risk management capacities. In addition, adaptation to ...
Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy 2014
... Figure 2: CO2 concentrations and temperature over the last 300 000 years ...
... Figure 2: CO2 concentrations and temperature over the last 300 000 years ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
... by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contribute an additional natural forcing but are not included in this figure due to their episodic nature. Range for linear contrails does not include other possible effects of ...
... by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contribute an additional natural forcing but are not included in this figure due to their episodic nature. Range for linear contrails does not include other possible effects of ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... in stabilizing selection for intermediate body size in females and directional selection for large body size in males ( Johnston et al. 1972). The first extensive studies of climate variability as a powerful driver of population evolution date back to the 1940s, when Dobzhansky (1943, 1947) discovere ...
... in stabilizing selection for intermediate body size in females and directional selection for large body size in males ( Johnston et al. 1972). The first extensive studies of climate variability as a powerful driver of population evolution date back to the 1940s, when Dobzhansky (1943, 1947) discovere ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.