Climate change impacts on Australia`s alpine ecosystems
... lower number and diversity of vascular plants (Edmonds et al. 2006). However, loss of this habitat under global warming is likely to result in diminution of plant species associated with persistent summer snow (Edmonds et al. 2006). Decline of a key snowpatch feldmark species, Coprosma niphophila, s ...
... lower number and diversity of vascular plants (Edmonds et al. 2006). However, loss of this habitat under global warming is likely to result in diminution of plant species associated with persistent summer snow (Edmonds et al. 2006). Decline of a key snowpatch feldmark species, Coprosma niphophila, s ...
Accessing and Using Climate Data and Information in Fragile, Data
... humidity, precipitation (a general term that includes rain, snow, sleet and hail), and wind. Weather conditions tend to be organized into distinct features known as weather systems. Weather systems are patterns of weather that can vary in duration and spatial extent. They can be very localized and s ...
... humidity, precipitation (a general term that includes rain, snow, sleet and hail), and wind. Weather conditions tend to be organized into distinct features known as weather systems. Weather systems are patterns of weather that can vary in duration and spatial extent. They can be very localized and s ...
How does climate warming affect plant
... generally react more strongly to increased warming than wind-pollinated plants, and species flowering early in the season appear to be most sensitive (Fitter & Fitter 2002; Miller-Rushing et al. 2007), an indication that these species have thermal-sensitive phenologies. In general, the onset of flow ...
... generally react more strongly to increased warming than wind-pollinated plants, and species flowering early in the season appear to be most sensitive (Fitter & Fitter 2002; Miller-Rushing et al. 2007), an indication that these species have thermal-sensitive phenologies. In general, the onset of flow ...
Understanding Climate Change: Lesson Plans for
... hypotheses. Whether our hypotheses are confirmed or discredited, our knowledge and understanding of the world will be expanded through the process. Learning about the atmosphere and its major components will improve students’ understanding of the interplay between human actions and climate. ...
... hypotheses. Whether our hypotheses are confirmed or discredited, our knowledge and understanding of the world will be expanded through the process. Learning about the atmosphere and its major components will improve students’ understanding of the interplay between human actions and climate. ...
p130-155 chp5eng - Arab Forum for Environment and
... Projections also suggest that climate change will cause world food prices to rise, with negative effects on food security. Egypt expects to lose 15 percent of its wheat crops if temperatures rise by 2ºC, and 36 percent if the increase is 4ºC. Morocco expects crops to remain stable until about 2030, ...
... Projections also suggest that climate change will cause world food prices to rise, with negative effects on food security. Egypt expects to lose 15 percent of its wheat crops if temperatures rise by 2ºC, and 36 percent if the increase is 4ºC. Morocco expects crops to remain stable until about 2030, ...
Parmesan
... in stabilizing selection for intermediate body size in females and directional selection for large body size in males ( Johnston et al. 1972). The first extensive studies of climate variability as a powerful driver of population evolution date back to the 1940s, when Dobzhansky (1943, 1947) discovere ...
... in stabilizing selection for intermediate body size in females and directional selection for large body size in males ( Johnston et al. 1972). The first extensive studies of climate variability as a powerful driver of population evolution date back to the 1940s, when Dobzhansky (1943, 1947) discovere ...
A New Approach to Climate Change: A Consideration of Ancillary
... for continued work on the reduction of ozone pollution, creating the Multilateral Ozone Fund in 1990, which committed $2.55 billion in U.S. dollars for developing countries pollution control efforts. International ozone protection efforts have generally been seen as a great success, with the removal ...
... for continued work on the reduction of ozone pollution, creating the Multilateral Ozone Fund in 1990, which committed $2.55 billion in U.S. dollars for developing countries pollution control efforts. International ozone protection efforts have generally been seen as a great success, with the removal ...
i4332e05
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
National Security Accelerating Risks of Climate Change
... of nearly seven years of developments in scientific climate projections; observed climate changes, particularly in the Arctic; the toll of observed extreme weather events both at home and abroad; and changes in the global security environment. Although we have seen some movement in mitigation and ot ...
... of nearly seven years of developments in scientific climate projections; observed climate changes, particularly in the Arctic; the toll of observed extreme weather events both at home and abroad; and changes in the global security environment. Although we have seen some movement in mitigation and ot ...
IPCC. 2001. Tech Summary of Physical Science Basis
... and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988. The aim was, and remains, to provide an assessment of the understanding of all aspects of climate change1, including how human activities can cause such changes and can be impacted by them. It had become widely recognised that human-influe ...
... and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988. The aim was, and remains, to provide an assessment of the understanding of all aspects of climate change1, including how human activities can cause such changes and can be impacted by them. It had become widely recognised that human-influe ...
Climate Dynamics (CLIM)
... CLIM 440: Climate Dynamics. 3 credits. Structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of atmospheric and oceanic circulations that maintain the climate. Role of the large scale transport of energy, moisture and angular momentum. Relationships of large scale circulation to weather and weather extremes, and i ...
... CLIM 440: Climate Dynamics. 3 credits. Structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of atmospheric and oceanic circulations that maintain the climate. Role of the large scale transport of energy, moisture and angular momentum. Relationships of large scale circulation to weather and weather extremes, and i ...
Climate change and energy security – global challenges and
... infrastructure are vulnerable to extreme weather events. If scientific consensus is to be believed, global warming is likely to increase the prevalence and severity with which such events occur in the future. And, assuming that man-made greenhouse gas emissions are to blame for some proportion of cl ...
... infrastructure are vulnerable to extreme weather events. If scientific consensus is to be believed, global warming is likely to increase the prevalence and severity with which such events occur in the future. And, assuming that man-made greenhouse gas emissions are to blame for some proportion of cl ...
Migration and Climate Change - Development Research Centre on
... secuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country”.14 There are other problems with us ...
... secuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country”.14 There are other problems with us ...
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
... designed for the purpose of reviewing and assessing international climate science and assessing it for the benefit of policy makers. The IPCC has released four comprehensive assessment reports so far. The fourth assessment report, published in 2007, concluded that: 1) the global mean surface tempera ...
... designed for the purpose of reviewing and assessing international climate science and assessing it for the benefit of policy makers. The IPCC has released four comprehensive assessment reports so far. The fourth assessment report, published in 2007, concluded that: 1) the global mean surface tempera ...
Climate Change in the Wet Tropics
... Cloud stripping is a significant source of fresh water in the region. Temperature increases are likely to cause a rise in the altitude of the cloud layer, reducing the area where cloud stripping can occur and diminishing catchment runoff. Reduced stream flows will have ecological impacts and will al ...
... Cloud stripping is a significant source of fresh water in the region. Temperature increases are likely to cause a rise in the altitude of the cloud layer, reducing the area where cloud stripping can occur and diminishing catchment runoff. Reduced stream flows will have ecological impacts and will al ...
Full Paper - WebMeets.com
... weather variability have had a negative effect on insurers’ profits up to now. The reasons for doing this are from twofolds. On the one hand, the connection between global warming and extreme weather remains uncertain. Emmanuel (2005) suggested that global warming would intensify tropical storms. Th ...
... weather variability have had a negative effect on insurers’ profits up to now. The reasons for doing this are from twofolds. On the one hand, the connection between global warming and extreme weather remains uncertain. Emmanuel (2005) suggested that global warming would intensify tropical storms. Th ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... objective at that time was not to measure adaptation costs per se, but to refine our understanding of climate change impacts. Modelers recognized that their impact estimates would be wrong if they did not include an adaptive response and overcame the “dumb farmer hypothesis” (the assumption that far ...
... objective at that time was not to measure adaptation costs per se, but to refine our understanding of climate change impacts. Modelers recognized that their impact estimates would be wrong if they did not include an adaptive response and overcame the “dumb farmer hypothesis” (the assumption that far ...
the future of florida and the coast - Florida Center for Environmental
... How does sea level rise affect water utilities, water management and transportation? How are agencies adapting for an uncertain future? Organizations have, for the most part, identified Sea Level Rise as an issue and are now focused on adaptation. Often the key barrier to implementation of adaptatio ...
... How does sea level rise affect water utilities, water management and transportation? How are agencies adapting for an uncertain future? Organizations have, for the most part, identified Sea Level Rise as an issue and are now focused on adaptation. Often the key barrier to implementation of adaptatio ...
Climate –carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C MIP
... Eleven coupled climate-carbon cycle models used a common protocol to study the coupling between climate change and the carbon cycle. The models were forced by historical and SRES A2 anthropogenic emissions of CO2 for the 1850-2100 time period. For each model, two simulations were performed in order ...
... Eleven coupled climate-carbon cycle models used a common protocol to study the coupling between climate change and the carbon cycle. The models were forced by historical and SRES A2 anthropogenic emissions of CO2 for the 1850-2100 time period. For each model, two simulations were performed in order ...
Stern Review: robust methodology of its modelling in Chapter 6
... The cost of climate change is now expected to be larger than many earlier studies suggested. This Chapter brings together estimates from formal models of the monetary cost of climate change, including evidence on how these costs rise with increasing temperatures. It builds on and complements the evi ...
... The cost of climate change is now expected to be larger than many earlier studies suggested. This Chapter brings together estimates from formal models of the monetary cost of climate change, including evidence on how these costs rise with increasing temperatures. It builds on and complements the evi ...
Predicting range expansion of the map butterfly in Northern Europe
... 2006) and that future projected climate change is expected to cause further range shifts of species (Berry et al. 2002; Midgley et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004; Thuiller et al. 2005). In northern Europe, species are generally predicted to move northwards to track the changing climate (Bakkenes et al ...
... 2006) and that future projected climate change is expected to cause further range shifts of species (Berry et al. 2002; Midgley et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004; Thuiller et al. 2005). In northern Europe, species are generally predicted to move northwards to track the changing climate (Bakkenes et al ...
Climate change and its impacts on river discharge in two climate
... used worldwide at varying watershed scale and environmental conditions that represent a wide range of climates, soils, and land use (Arnold et al., 2012). A digital elevation model with a scale of 1 : 250 000 was prepared by the China Fundamental Geographic Information Center. Spatial soil data with ...
... used worldwide at varying watershed scale and environmental conditions that represent a wide range of climates, soils, and land use (Arnold et al., 2012). A digital elevation model with a scale of 1 : 250 000 was prepared by the China Fundamental Geographic Information Center. Spatial soil data with ...
The Climate counter consensus, review - Brians
... This proposition is supported by three main lines of evidence 38 : 3.1 RECORD OF ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE – The atmospheric evidence supporting warming is summarised in the appropriately titled “Hockey stick” graph 39 of average global temperatures over the last 1,000 years. The graph showed tha ...
... This proposition is supported by three main lines of evidence 38 : 3.1 RECORD OF ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE – The atmospheric evidence supporting warming is summarised in the appropriately titled “Hockey stick” graph 39 of average global temperatures over the last 1,000 years. The graph showed tha ...
Cities and climate change - Urban Climate Change Research Network
... taking controversial decisions, political support is absolutely essential for successful climate governance. However, political support and leadership may not be sufficient where financial constraints are too high (both costs of climate policies and lack of financial and human resources) (Kern et al ...
... taking controversial decisions, political support is absolutely essential for successful climate governance. However, political support and leadership may not be sufficient where financial constraints are too high (both costs of climate policies and lack of financial and human resources) (Kern et al ...
"migration with dignity": towards a new zealand response to climate
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.