Intensified plant N and C pool with more available nitrogen under
... was inserted to each plot, and the top of each collar was covered with ...
... was inserted to each plot, and the top of each collar was covered with ...
rapid climate change - BADC
... heat northwards. This is part of a much larger global ocean circulation system. Before the programme, computer models had shown that this heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases i ...
... heat northwards. This is part of a much larger global ocean circulation system. Before the programme, computer models had shown that this heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases i ...
The University of Miami`s Rosenstiel School of Marine and
... The Forward Solu=on to Sea-‐Surface Temperature Retrieval from MODIS Measurements The two MODIS spectroradiometers on the NASA satellites Terra and Aqua take measurements in the infrared from which sea-‐surfac ...
... The Forward Solu=on to Sea-‐Surface Temperature Retrieval from MODIS Measurements The two MODIS spectroradiometers on the NASA satellites Terra and Aqua take measurements in the infrared from which sea-‐surfac ...
summer in the city: hot and getting hotter
... While the difference in average summer temperatures between urban and rural stations ranged from less than 1°F to more than 7°F, the largest single-day differences between urban and rural stations ranged from 9-27°F. Urban-rural temperature differences of at least 20°F were measured at least once in ...
... While the difference in average summer temperatures between urban and rural stations ranged from less than 1°F to more than 7°F, the largest single-day differences between urban and rural stations ranged from 9-27°F. Urban-rural temperature differences of at least 20°F were measured at least once in ...
Biological Impacts of Climate Change
... more years the cause of the observed warming was much debated in scientific circles. The United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization perceived that if humans were causing a fundamental shift in global climate, the consequences could be enormous for all peoples. To facilitate reaching a ...
... more years the cause of the observed warming was much debated in scientific circles. The United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization perceived that if humans were causing a fundamental shift in global climate, the consequences could be enormous for all peoples. To facilitate reaching a ...
Elizabeth G. Ferris
... 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the scientific community that human-induced climate change is, in fact, underway. According to the Intergov ...
... 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the scientific community that human-induced climate change is, in fact, underway. According to the Intergov ...
Consensus‟ Exposed: The CRU Controversy - Inhofe
... centers in the world‖ on key aspects of climate change research. It also has ―contributed to the scientific assessments of climate change conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).‖ CRU‘s CRUTEM3 is one of the key datasets of surface temperatures utilized by the IPCC in its F ...
... centers in the world‖ on key aspects of climate change research. It also has ―contributed to the scientific assessments of climate change conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).‖ CRU‘s CRUTEM3 is one of the key datasets of surface temperatures utilized by the IPCC in its F ...
Quest - Academy of Science of South Africa
... the world every five years or so is cited as the main reason – but El Niño is becoming a stronger weather system as the oceans warm and temperatures across the region rise. In Europe it is the start of winter – and that winter is predicted to be a very cold one and already parts of the region are ex ...
... the world every five years or so is cited as the main reason – but El Niño is becoming a stronger weather system as the oceans warm and temperatures across the region rise. In Europe it is the start of winter – and that winter is predicted to be a very cold one and already parts of the region are ex ...
The Quiet Tsunami: The Ecological, Economic, Social, and Political
... timescales of at least tens of thousands of years, and substantial damage to ocean ecosystems can only be avoided by urgent and rapid reductions in global emissions of CO2.” The amount of CO2 that will be released by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario will be large and extreme ...
... timescales of at least tens of thousands of years, and substantial damage to ocean ecosystems can only be avoided by urgent and rapid reductions in global emissions of CO2.” The amount of CO2 that will be released by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario will be large and extreme ...
Climate Skepticism and the Manufacture of Doubt: Can Dissent in
... Moreover, as Kitcher has argued, there are many situations in which ‘impure’ motivations – such as the desire for credit, fame, and financial reward – can be put to good epistemic use (Kitcher 1993, ch. 8). More specifically, there are situations when communities of ‘epistemically sullied agents’ (w ...
... Moreover, as Kitcher has argued, there are many situations in which ‘impure’ motivations – such as the desire for credit, fame, and financial reward – can be put to good epistemic use (Kitcher 1993, ch. 8). More specifically, there are situations when communities of ‘epistemically sullied agents’ (w ...
Coastal Areas and Marine Resources (Chapter 16) of the
... within its territorial sea,all of which provide a wide range of essential goods and services to human systems. Coastal and marine ecosystems support diverse and important fisheries throughout the nation’s waters,hold vast storehouses of biological diversity, and provide unparalleled recreational opp ...
... within its territorial sea,all of which provide a wide range of essential goods and services to human systems. Coastal and marine ecosystems support diverse and important fisheries throughout the nation’s waters,hold vast storehouses of biological diversity, and provide unparalleled recreational opp ...
Lagos - Urban Climate Change Research Network
... This trans‐administration megacity is bounded in the south by the Atlantic Ocean (Bight of Benin), in the east by the Lagos Lagoon and the southwest by the Badagry Creek. The west and northern limits merge into the gently undulating agricultural lands of Ado ...
... This trans‐administration megacity is bounded in the south by the Atlantic Ocean (Bight of Benin), in the east by the Lagos Lagoon and the southwest by the Badagry Creek. The west and northern limits merge into the gently undulating agricultural lands of Ado ...
A modified impulse-response representation of the global response
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
Climate change implications for the glaciers of the Hindu Kush
... evidence for this. Snow avalanches may also be an important mass balance component in the Karakoram due to the steep and rugged terrain (Hewitt, 2011). The spatial heterogeneity in mass balance is therefore likely to be partly linked to spatial variation in climate change and variability, the short ...
... evidence for this. Snow avalanches may also be an important mass balance component in the Karakoram due to the steep and rugged terrain (Hewitt, 2011). The spatial heterogeneity in mass balance is therefore likely to be partly linked to spatial variation in climate change and variability, the short ...
Document
... Overall conclusions • First summary of the work undertaken so to date • Not a full assessment of the uncertainty range, but an evaluation of the influence of different policy-related and scientific choices • The influence of scientific choices is notable. Therefore research is ongoing (see paper #2) ...
... Overall conclusions • First summary of the work undertaken so to date • Not a full assessment of the uncertainty range, but an evaluation of the influence of different policy-related and scientific choices • The influence of scientific choices is notable. Therefore research is ongoing (see paper #2) ...
Impacts of global warming on hydrological Introduction of multi-model ensembles and
... + Based on physics, Output variables are physically consistent, physical interpretation. - relatively large bias, computationally expensive. ...
... + Based on physics, Output variables are physically consistent, physical interpretation. - relatively large bias, computationally expensive. ...
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
Gregory et al. (2013) - American Meteorological Society
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.