Cycles and trends in solar irradiance and climate
... of ∼0.2◦ C. Figure 2 shows how the individual natural (solar, volcanic, and ENSO) and anthropogenic components, separated by multiple regression against the temperature observations, contribute to the evolution of net global surface temperatures.22 In addition to specified solar irradiance variation ...
... of ∼0.2◦ C. Figure 2 shows how the individual natural (solar, volcanic, and ENSO) and anthropogenic components, separated by multiple regression against the temperature observations, contribute to the evolution of net global surface temperatures.22 In addition to specified solar irradiance variation ...
UK Climate Projections: Briefing report
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
Climate Change, Yosemite National Park, California
... data layers at 800 m spatial resolution, derived from point weather station measurements using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM; Daly et al. 2008). This data set uses weather station measurements and interpolates between weather stations based on elevation and ...
... data layers at 800 m spatial resolution, derived from point weather station measurements using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM; Daly et al. 2008). This data set uses weather station measurements and interpolates between weather stations based on elevation and ...
Climate
... 3. Projected Climate Change in Wisconsin.............................................................................. 9 a. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 9 (i) Downscaling method ...
... 3. Projected Climate Change in Wisconsin.............................................................................. 9 a. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 9 (i) Downscaling method ...
HKMetS Bulletin, Volume 2, Number 1, 1992
... perhaps the phenomena known as El Nino, which in 1982 and 1983 brought disastrous weather to many parts of the world (Rasmusson and Hall, 1983). The possible relationship between the El Chichon eruption of 1982 and this El Nino event has been discussed by Handler (1986). Recently, there has been a g ...
... perhaps the phenomena known as El Nino, which in 1982 and 1983 brought disastrous weather to many parts of the world (Rasmusson and Hall, 1983). The possible relationship between the El Chichon eruption of 1982 and this El Nino event has been discussed by Handler (1986). Recently, there has been a g ...
REQUEST FOR CLIMATE SIMULATION LABORATORY
... apply it to grand challenge climate issues. The development and assessment of this modeling system has been ongoing for the past ten years. The simulations produced by the CCSM have improved continuously over this time period, and the results from the model are an important contribution to internati ...
... apply it to grand challenge climate issues. The development and assessment of this modeling system has been ongoing for the past ten years. The simulations produced by the CCSM have improved continuously over this time period, and the results from the model are an important contribution to internati ...
Quantifying surface albedo and other direct biogeophysical climate
... where Eqn (1) is the surface energy budget and Eqn (2) is the surface moisture budget, with their individual terms defined in Table 1. They are presented together because they are intimately linked (Pielke, 2001). For instance, the latent heat flux L (E + T)is directly related to the amount of moist ...
... where Eqn (1) is the surface energy budget and Eqn (2) is the surface moisture budget, with their individual terms defined in Table 1. They are presented together because they are intimately linked (Pielke, 2001). For instance, the latent heat flux L (E + T)is directly related to the amount of moist ...
Emerging Vibrio risk in the Baltic Sea in response to ocean warming
... the warmest month since official measurements began. Temperatures peaked during the end of July in the Baltic region (24th-29th July).* • A huge number of Vibrio cases started emerging in the Baltic - V. vulnificus, V. cholerae (non-O1/O139), V. parahaemolyticus and V. ...
... the warmest month since official measurements began. Temperatures peaked during the end of July in the Baltic region (24th-29th July).* • A huge number of Vibrio cases started emerging in the Baltic - V. vulnificus, V. cholerae (non-O1/O139), V. parahaemolyticus and V. ...
Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate
... February (DJF) and June–August (JJA), the two seasons for which the largest changes are found. Circulation changes in the HadAM3H fields are very similar to those in the RegCM simulation due to the large scale forcing by the lateral boundary fields, and are thus not shown. Also note that the changes i ...
... February (DJF) and June–August (JJA), the two seasons for which the largest changes are found. Circulation changes in the HadAM3H fields are very similar to those in the RegCM simulation due to the large scale forcing by the lateral boundary fields, and are thus not shown. Also note that the changes i ...
Marine Climate Change in Australia
... temperate Australia in the last two decades will help to alleviate these difficulties in the future (e.g., Stuart-Smith et al. 2009) as will the long-term continuation of recently established broad-scale monitoring programs (cf. the AUV program mentioned in section 9. Current and planned research ef ...
... temperate Australia in the last two decades will help to alleviate these difficulties in the future (e.g., Stuart-Smith et al. 2009) as will the long-term continuation of recently established broad-scale monitoring programs (cf. the AUV program mentioned in section 9. Current and planned research ef ...
Impacts of climate change on the worldTs most exceptional ecoregions
... period) monthly Tasμ patterns. The exceptions under all three emission scenarios are two terrestrial (Ural Mountains Taiga/ Tundra, Muskwa/Slave Lake Boreal Forests) and one freshwater ecoregion (Volga River Delta), which are projected to retain Tasμ conditions typical to the baseline period across ...
... period) monthly Tasμ patterns. The exceptions under all three emission scenarios are two terrestrial (Ural Mountains Taiga/ Tundra, Muskwa/Slave Lake Boreal Forests) and one freshwater ecoregion (Volga River Delta), which are projected to retain Tasμ conditions typical to the baseline period across ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... patterns of precipitation and evaporation, radiative transfer, and freshwater exchange with the ocean (Peixoto & Oort 1992). The increase in the amount of water vapor for a given temperature change is strongly constrained by the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. This gives a fractional rate of change of ...
... patterns of precipitation and evaporation, radiative transfer, and freshwater exchange with the ocean (Peixoto & Oort 1992). The increase in the amount of water vapor for a given temperature change is strongly constrained by the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. This gives a fractional rate of change of ...
When It Rains, It Pours - The Public Interest Network
... quality of our environment and our lives. Drawing on more than 30 years of experience, our professional staff combines independent research, practical ideas and broad-based educational campaigns to help set the policy agenda, frame the public debate, and win real results for our environment. Frontie ...
... quality of our environment and our lives. Drawing on more than 30 years of experience, our professional staff combines independent research, practical ideas and broad-based educational campaigns to help set the policy agenda, frame the public debate, and win real results for our environment. Frontie ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Ohio
... referred to as greenhouse gases (GHGs) because they can trap radiation on Earth in a manner analogous to that of the glass of a greenhouse and have a warming effect on the globe. Among the other most notable GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (C ...
... referred to as greenhouse gases (GHGs) because they can trap radiation on Earth in a manner analogous to that of the glass of a greenhouse and have a warming effect on the globe. Among the other most notable GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (C ...
Winter rain on snow and its association with air temperature in
... used to check to see if that day falls in between to determine if that day has snow cover. The starting and ending dates of continuous snow cover is also derived from the HSDSD data set by examining daily snow depth time series. The details of extracting these dates are found in Ye and Ellison (2003 ...
... used to check to see if that day falls in between to determine if that day has snow cover. The starting and ending dates of continuous snow cover is also derived from the HSDSD data set by examining daily snow depth time series. The details of extracting these dates are found in Ye and Ellison (2003 ...
Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water
... a long term mean field as FEWS NET Climatology (FCLIM). These observed trends are then used to project future climatic changes. While any climate projection is fraught with uncertainty, for short term (w20 year) projections, this approach may be the best available given the current state of climate s ...
... a long term mean field as FEWS NET Climatology (FCLIM). These observed trends are then used to project future climatic changes. While any climate projection is fraught with uncertainty, for short term (w20 year) projections, this approach may be the best available given the current state of climate s ...
Predicting future oceans: climate
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
Nippon Foundation-Nereus Report "Predicting Future Oceans"
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
print version
... Earth system. As such, it must be tightly coupled to that thermodynamic state. Specifically, changes in T must be proportional to changes in the radiation emitted at the top of the atmosphere. However, where is this temperature and its change with time, T 0, diagnosed, and is it closely coupled? [6] ...
... Earth system. As such, it must be tightly coupled to that thermodynamic state. Specifically, changes in T must be proportional to changes in the radiation emitted at the top of the atmosphere. However, where is this temperature and its change with time, T 0, diagnosed, and is it closely coupled? [6] ...
Casino-21: Public Participation in Climate Simulation of
... The World’s climate in danger Executive summary: Monday January 22, 2001 ...
... The World’s climate in danger Executive summary: Monday January 22, 2001 ...
Pan-Arctic Climate and Land Cover Trends Derived from Multi
... of the products are defined with 0.5°in latitude and longitude. The time series starts in 1901. Until the early 1980s, the amount of stations has substantially increased [40,41]. Temperature and precipitation information from the CRU data archive have been widely used for arctic research studies [42 ...
... of the products are defined with 0.5°in latitude and longitude. The time series starts in 1901. Until the early 1980s, the amount of stations has substantially increased [40,41]. Temperature and precipitation information from the CRU data archive have been widely used for arctic research studies [42 ...
Consequences of elevated temperature on prairie plants: legumes, nitrogen, and phenology
... both a growth chamber experiment and a manipulative field warming experiment. In the growth chamber experiment, seedlings of Lespedeza exhibited higher biomass and shoot N content at 28°C than 25°C, while Lupinus seedlings displayed decreased nodulation and lower shoot N concentration at the higher ...
... both a growth chamber experiment and a manipulative field warming experiment. In the growth chamber experiment, seedlings of Lespedeza exhibited higher biomass and shoot N content at 28°C than 25°C, while Lupinus seedlings displayed decreased nodulation and lower shoot N concentration at the higher ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.