Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
... Gregory (2010) and Gregory et al. (2013) suggested that the difference is an artifact of the experimental design of CMIP3. Because the models have been spun up without volcanic forcing, its imposition during the ‘‘historical’’ simulation (i.e., the experiment starting in the late nineteenth century) ...
spline models of contemporary, 2030, 2060 and 2090 climates for
... Modeling and Analysis (CCC), using the CGCM3 (T63 resolution) model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios; (2) Met Office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model, SRES A2 and B2 scenarios; and (3) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFD), using the CM2.1 model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios. The three genera ...
... Modeling and Analysis (CCC), using the CGCM3 (T63 resolution) model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios; (2) Met Office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model, SRES A2 and B2 scenarios; and (3) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFD), using the CM2.1 model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios. The three genera ...
climate in change nature and society challanges for the barents
... Reduction in the extent of sea ice will most likely result in an increase in the North Atlantic and Arctic fisheries. The fisheries will be based on traditional species of fish, but also on southern species expected to move northward. The sea farming industry will probably profit from a faint warmin ...
... Reduction in the extent of sea ice will most likely result in an increase in the North Atlantic and Arctic fisheries. The fisheries will be based on traditional species of fish, but also on southern species expected to move northward. The sea farming industry will probably profit from a faint warmin ...
Effects of climate change on inland waters of the Pacific coastal
... along the California coast and throughout most of Oregon, Washington and southern British Columbia. Within the southern interior of California, July temperatures range from 20±308C, while inland in British Columbia and throughout southern Alaska mean July temperatures are 10±158C. Mean January tempe ...
... along the California coast and throughout most of Oregon, Washington and southern British Columbia. Within the southern interior of California, July temperatures range from 20±308C, while inland in British Columbia and throughout southern Alaska mean July temperatures are 10±158C. Mean January tempe ...
Simulation of regional climate change under the IPCC A2 scenario
... models while retaining global skill similar to uniformresolution simulations with the same number of grid points. For China, a number of recent climate change simulations with different regional climate models have been analyzed for future variation in both mean climate and climate extremes. For exa ...
... models while retaining global skill similar to uniformresolution simulations with the same number of grid points. For China, a number of recent climate change simulations with different regional climate models have been analyzed for future variation in both mean climate and climate extremes. For exa ...
Reconstructing mid- to high-latitude marine climate and ocean
... records, is variable spatially, which is indicative of the spatiotemporal variations in carbon fluxes and carbon sequestration in the global ocean (e.g., Grottoli and Eakin, 2007). The next logical step would be to use these data in carbon sequestration models (and data-model comparisons) to improve ...
... records, is variable spatially, which is indicative of the spatiotemporal variations in carbon fluxes and carbon sequestration in the global ocean (e.g., Grottoli and Eakin, 2007). The next logical step would be to use these data in carbon sequestration models (and data-model comparisons) to improve ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America
... seasonal cycle. Figures 6 and 7 show, for both climate change simulations, the seasonal cycles of the mean and the maximum and minimum temperature change over the sub-regions defined in Fig. 5, respectively. The figures also display the 95% confidence limit of significance for a two sided test. The ...
... seasonal cycle. Figures 6 and 7 show, for both climate change simulations, the seasonal cycles of the mean and the maximum and minimum temperature change over the sub-regions defined in Fig. 5, respectively. The figures also display the 95% confidence limit of significance for a two sided test. The ...
Sea-Level Rise Estimates for New Brunswick Municipalities
... Close inspection of the published residual graphs (difference between the observed sea level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and S ...
... Close inspection of the published residual graphs (difference between the observed sea level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and S ...
climate change and the hydrological cycle
... The climate varies naturally, but the current changes in the climate system result from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere (Mitchell et al. 2001). As a whole, the atmosphere consists primarily of nitrogen and oxygen (78% and 21% by volume, respectively), while argon (0.93% ...
... The climate varies naturally, but the current changes in the climate system result from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere (Mitchell et al. 2001). As a whole, the atmosphere consists primarily of nitrogen and oxygen (78% and 21% by volume, respectively), while argon (0.93% ...
Relative impacts of human- induced climate change and natural
... 0.5% yr-1 growth17 (see details in Table 1). These extracted model climatesÐboth control and scenarioÐare converted into mean climate anomalies from the 1961±90 period of the respective model simulations, which are then added to the observed 1961±90 climate. Inter-annual and inter-daily climate vari ...
... 0.5% yr-1 growth17 (see details in Table 1). These extracted model climatesÐboth control and scenarioÐare converted into mean climate anomalies from the 1961±90 period of the respective model simulations, which are then added to the observed 1961±90 climate. Inter-annual and inter-daily climate vari ...
Coherent changes of southeastern equatorial and northern African
... Here, we analyze transient simulations of the climate evolution from the LGM to the early Holocene (11 ka) with a global coupled atmosphere– ocean–sea ice–land general circulation model (CCSM3) to assess possible mechanisms for the abrupt, synchronous onset of the AHP in NA and SEA. The model has a ...
... Here, we analyze transient simulations of the climate evolution from the LGM to the early Holocene (11 ka) with a global coupled atmosphere– ocean–sea ice–land general circulation model (CCSM3) to assess possible mechanisms for the abrupt, synchronous onset of the AHP in NA and SEA. The model has a ...
C - Morey Publishing
... Over the last two centuries, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has risen by 40 percent while the concentration of methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas, has more than doubled. It’s scientific findings like these that are driving the regulatory bodies to act. According to a recent ...
... Over the last two centuries, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has risen by 40 percent while the concentration of methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas, has more than doubled. It’s scientific findings like these that are driving the regulatory bodies to act. According to a recent ...
Climate Change in Turkmenistan - Grand Valley State University
... of the largest irrigation and water supply canals in the world. Started in 1954 and completed in 1988, it is navigable over much of its 1,375 km length; it carries 13 cubic km of water annually from the Amudarya River across the Karakum Desert. The canal opened up huge new tracts of land to agricult ...
... of the largest irrigation and water supply canals in the world. Started in 1954 and completed in 1988, it is navigable over much of its 1,375 km length; it carries 13 cubic km of water annually from the Amudarya River across the Karakum Desert. The canal opened up huge new tracts of land to agricult ...
26112015-Pielke-Jr-VWN presentation
... “. . . leaked his e-mails to three journalists... [one] wrote a front-page New York Times news story highlighting a $25,000 donation from Monsanto to Folta's institution. . . the reporters cherry-picked sentences from several thousand e-mails, highlighting Folta's communications with Monsanto, often ...
... “. . . leaked his e-mails to three journalists... [one] wrote a front-page New York Times news story highlighting a $25,000 donation from Monsanto to Folta's institution. . . the reporters cherry-picked sentences from several thousand e-mails, highlighting Folta's communications with Monsanto, often ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... allows a higher resolution in the deep water formation regions in the North Atlantic. The grid has a nominal resolution of 3◦ , that varies between 22 and 350 km. In the vertical the grid is divided into 40 levels with decreasing resolution from the surface to the bottom. The time step of the calcul ...
... allows a higher resolution in the deep water formation regions in the North Atlantic. The grid has a nominal resolution of 3◦ , that varies between 22 and 350 km. In the vertical the grid is divided into 40 levels with decreasing resolution from the surface to the bottom. The time step of the calcul ...
Priority adaptations to climate change for Pacific fisheries and
... 3. How can we respond? - Adaptation measures at national and local scales - Explore mitigation options ...
... 3. How can we respond? - Adaptation measures at national and local scales - Explore mitigation options ...
Greenland
... • Greenland is the world’s largest island, consisting of 80% ice. It contains 10% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. • Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world. Average temperatures in this area have risen 2.7˚F over the past 30 years and may soon rise by up ...
... • Greenland is the world’s largest island, consisting of 80% ice. It contains 10% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. • Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world. Average temperatures in this area have risen 2.7˚F over the past 30 years and may soon rise by up ...
Kashyapi_Prest. AK FLORIDA final
... CC IN EARLY 21ST CENTURY IS LIKELY TO INCREASE FOREST PRODUCTION, BUT WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY TO DROUGHT, STORMS, INSECTS AND OTHER DISTURBANCES MODERATE CC IN EARLY DECADES OF CENTURY TO INCREASE AGGREGATE YIELDS OF RAINFED AGRICULTURE BY 5 TO 20% WARMER SUMMER TEMP. PROJECTED TO EXTEND HIGH FIRE ...
... CC IN EARLY 21ST CENTURY IS LIKELY TO INCREASE FOREST PRODUCTION, BUT WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY TO DROUGHT, STORMS, INSECTS AND OTHER DISTURBANCES MODERATE CC IN EARLY DECADES OF CENTURY TO INCREASE AGGREGATE YIELDS OF RAINFED AGRICULTURE BY 5 TO 20% WARMER SUMMER TEMP. PROJECTED TO EXTEND HIGH FIRE ...
Entire Proposal - New Page - Suffolk County Community College
... need to be made very soon. This course will provide students with the scientific background to understand the role of natural and human-forced climate change so that they are better prepared to become involved in the important discussion now underway. Our students are the voters and policy-makers of ...
... need to be made very soon. This course will provide students with the scientific background to understand the role of natural and human-forced climate change so that they are better prepared to become involved in the important discussion now underway. Our students are the voters and policy-makers of ...
The Geoengineering Option
... caused even greater cooling that lasted longer. Unlike eªorts to control emissions of greenhouse gases, which will take many years to yield a noticeable eªect, volcano-like strategies for cooling the planet would work relatively promptly. Another lesson from volcanoes is that a geoengineering system ...
... caused even greater cooling that lasted longer. Unlike eªorts to control emissions of greenhouse gases, which will take many years to yield a noticeable eªect, volcano-like strategies for cooling the planet would work relatively promptly. Another lesson from volcanoes is that a geoengineering system ...
Seeing the climate? The problematic status of visual evidence in
... scientific disciplines, the IPCC has constituted the most authoritative scientific voice on the causes, impacts, and effects of climate change (Houghton 2004). When the first assessment report of the IPCC was published in 1990, “an unequivocal statement that anthropogenic climate change had been det ...
... scientific disciplines, the IPCC has constituted the most authoritative scientific voice on the causes, impacts, and effects of climate change (Houghton 2004). When the first assessment report of the IPCC was published in 1990, “an unequivocal statement that anthropogenic climate change had been det ...
Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic
... (Fig. 5). Ref. 25 reports four more data points from ancient corals preceding the twentieth century, the oldest one from AD ∼500. These lie all above 10.5h, providing (albeit limited) evidence that the downward excursion to values below 10h between 1975 and 1995 and the corresponding water mass chan ...
... (Fig. 5). Ref. 25 reports four more data points from ancient corals preceding the twentieth century, the oldest one from AD ∼500. These lie all above 10.5h, providing (albeit limited) evidence that the downward excursion to values below 10h between 1975 and 1995 and the corresponding water mass chan ...
ENG - UN CC:Learn
... Economic growth has come at the expense of natural resources and ecosystems, deforestation and forest degradation alone will likely cost the global economy more than the losses in the 2008 financial crisis Fresh Water MDGs on access to safe drinking water are on track, but 2.6 billion people sti ...
... Economic growth has come at the expense of natural resources and ecosystems, deforestation and forest degradation alone will likely cost the global economy more than the losses in the 2008 financial crisis Fresh Water MDGs on access to safe drinking water are on track, but 2.6 billion people sti ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.