Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increases in warm and dry weather conditions should result in increased frequency and severity ...
... disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increases in warm and dry weather conditions should result in increased frequency and severity ...
Global Climate Change and Children`s Health
... duration, and severity in North American forests.24 Climate change is already occurring, and past and present emissions make some continued changes inevitable. However, projected levels of global warming, sea ice shrinkage, and sea level rise by the mid-21st century vary greatly for different greenh ...
... duration, and severity in North American forests.24 Climate change is already occurring, and past and present emissions make some continued changes inevitable. However, projected levels of global warming, sea ice shrinkage, and sea level rise by the mid-21st century vary greatly for different greenh ...
Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change
... climate change impacts on the ocean are already evident and likely to worsen with time [9,10]. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by 40% over the last century, and is projected to continue growing into the future under all realistic emission scenarios [11], further increasing pressures on m ...
... climate change impacts on the ocean are already evident and likely to worsen with time [9,10]. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by 40% over the last century, and is projected to continue growing into the future under all realistic emission scenarios [11], further increasing pressures on m ...
Decadal co-variability of Atlantic SSTs and western Amazon dry
... communities due to unprecedented low river levels [Marengo et al., 2011]. The Amazon ecosystem is sensitive to repeated occurrence of droughts, which interferes with the forest’s natural ability to recover from stress [da Costa et al., 2010; Saatchi et al., 2013] and undermines climate change mitiga ...
... communities due to unprecedented low river levels [Marengo et al., 2011]. The Amazon ecosystem is sensitive to repeated occurrence of droughts, which interferes with the forest’s natural ability to recover from stress [da Costa et al., 2010; Saatchi et al., 2013] and undermines climate change mitiga ...
Marine Ecosystem
... 2700 BP and 100 BP, to a relatively the last few decades (Fraser et al. dominant climate regime, and it warm regime during the current cen- 1992, Trivelpiece and Fraser 1996) makes the WAP region a highly sensitive location for assessing ecologiRaymond C. Smith (e-mail: [email protected])is a profe ...
... 2700 BP and 100 BP, to a relatively the last few decades (Fraser et al. dominant climate regime, and it warm regime during the current cen- 1992, Trivelpiece and Fraser 1996) makes the WAP region a highly sensitive location for assessing ecologiRaymond C. Smith (e-mail: [email protected])is a profe ...
Strategies for mitigating GHG emissions from India:
... projections and observed climatology. The sub-models that have been developed and will be developed are now related in a complex way. This complexity did not exist during the initial development stage of the project and the reasons for this are as follows: ...
... projections and observed climatology. The sub-models that have been developed and will be developed are now related in a complex way. This complexity did not exist during the initial development stage of the project and the reasons for this are as follows: ...
An updated view of tipping points and the relevance for long
... terrestrial permafrost or below the ocean in permafrost or as methane hydrates, or the response to ocean acidification). This represents an update to the review of Good et al. (2011), and it has been approximately 2 years (18 months) since the submission deadlines for literature for the IPCC AR5 wor ...
... terrestrial permafrost or below the ocean in permafrost or as methane hydrates, or the response to ocean acidification). This represents an update to the review of Good et al. (2011), and it has been approximately 2 years (18 months) since the submission deadlines for literature for the IPCC AR5 wor ...
Tree-Ring Amplification of the Early Nineteenth
... cooling and recent warming. In this regard, central Europe (CEU) offers the unique opportunity to compare evidence from instrumental measurements, paleomodel simulations, and proxy reconstructions covering both the exceptionally hot summer of 2003 and the year without summer in 1816. This study uses ...
... cooling and recent warming. In this regard, central Europe (CEU) offers the unique opportunity to compare evidence from instrumental measurements, paleomodel simulations, and proxy reconstructions covering both the exceptionally hot summer of 2003 and the year without summer in 1816. This study uses ...
Climate Change in the Sydney Metropolitan Catchments
... Changes in rainfall and higher evaporation rates are likely to lead to less water for streams and rivers in the Sydney Metropolitan Catchments, which will have downstream consequences for storages and place strains on the catchment’s water resources. For example, due to recent trends toward reduced ...
... Changes in rainfall and higher evaporation rates are likely to lead to less water for streams and rivers in the Sydney Metropolitan Catchments, which will have downstream consequences for storages and place strains on the catchment’s water resources. For example, due to recent trends toward reduced ...
4 Climate change impacts in a context of full
... may resist to some changes (Patt et al 2009). This last critique is particularly relevant to CGE models. They have been increasingly applied to climate change impact assessment, among other reason, to capture market adjustments triggered by price signals. But these adjustments typically take place i ...
... may resist to some changes (Patt et al 2009). This last critique is particularly relevant to CGE models. They have been increasingly applied to climate change impact assessment, among other reason, to capture market adjustments triggered by price signals. But these adjustments typically take place i ...
Oceans Day Bulletin
... scientific community, academia, and non-governmental organizations. It was organized by the Global Ocean Forum in association with the Government of South Africa (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the Intergo ...
... scientific community, academia, and non-governmental organizations. It was organized by the Global Ocean Forum in association with the Government of South Africa (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the Intergo ...
Report - The University of Texas at Austin
... greater impact in the Western regions of the Himalayas where the rivers are composed of higher portion of glacier melt water. The difference of the streamflow at the two catchments in Rees and Collins (2006) showed that the problem of water shortage is worst in regions where the water source is pred ...
... greater impact in the Western regions of the Himalayas where the rivers are composed of higher portion of glacier melt water. The difference of the streamflow at the two catchments in Rees and Collins (2006) showed that the problem of water shortage is worst in regions where the water source is pred ...
Extreme Temperatures
... The term ‘heat island’ describes built up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas. The annual mean air temperature of a city with more than one million people can be between 1.8 and 5.4ºF warmer than its surrounding areas. In the evening, the difference in air temperatures can be as high as 22 ...
... The term ‘heat island’ describes built up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas. The annual mean air temperature of a city with more than one million people can be between 1.8 and 5.4ºF warmer than its surrounding areas. In the evening, the difference in air temperatures can be as high as 22 ...
one National Security and Climate Change in Perspective
... patterns. For example, the climatologist Patrick Michaels responded to the uptick in warnings about climate change in a January 1989 Washington Post op-ed. “Of the hundred-odd scientists in the world actively involved in the study of long-term climate data, only one—James Hansen of NASA—has stated p ...
... patterns. For example, the climatologist Patrick Michaels responded to the uptick in warnings about climate change in a January 1989 Washington Post op-ed. “Of the hundred-odd scientists in the world actively involved in the study of long-term climate data, only one—James Hansen of NASA—has stated p ...
1950-2100
... Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
... Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
APH-13 - Laboratory for Remote Sensing Hydrology and Spatial
... •e.g., divide the atmosphere and ocean into discrete grid boxes •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g. ...
... •e.g., divide the atmosphere and ocean into discrete grid boxes •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g. ...
Climate and Culture Change in Archaeology
... as climatologists have long felt the need to collect improved records, so archaeologists interested in these relationships feel compelled to do the same. As stressed in several chapters in this book, this brings a much more critical stance toward those earlier data sets: Do they really synchronize w ...
... as climatologists have long felt the need to collect improved records, so archaeologists interested in these relationships feel compelled to do the same. As stressed in several chapters in this book, this brings a much more critical stance toward those earlier data sets: Do they really synchronize w ...
Climate Change and International Human Rights Litigation: A
... What is the appropriate legal and political strategy for limiting the emission of greenhouse gases? A number of scholars have advocated litigation, a subset of which would be international human rights litigation in which victims of the climatic effects of greenhouse gas emissions would obtain damag ...
... What is the appropriate legal and political strategy for limiting the emission of greenhouse gases? A number of scholars have advocated litigation, a subset of which would be international human rights litigation in which victims of the climatic effects of greenhouse gas emissions would obtain damag ...
Attachment 2
... However, whether the IPCC’s specific communications have succeeded is an empirical question whose answer requires rigorous research. At least one study suggests that the IPCC has not done as well as it would have wished26. The UK government’s Stern review on the economics of climate change27 argued ...
... However, whether the IPCC’s specific communications have succeeded is an empirical question whose answer requires rigorous research. At least one study suggests that the IPCC has not done as well as it would have wished26. The UK government’s Stern review on the economics of climate change27 argued ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.