The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
Neil Bird - Tracking climate finance in budgetary systems
... documents for 2009, 2010, and 2011. This produced a database containing 134,341 line items. Each function was then tagged according to whether the purpose and/or the effect of the expenditure was related to climate change. This resulted in climate change activity being identified within 26,774 line ...
... documents for 2009, 2010, and 2011. This produced a database containing 134,341 line items. Each function was then tagged according to whether the purpose and/or the effect of the expenditure was related to climate change. This resulted in climate change activity being identified within 26,774 line ...
Global Change Grand Challenge National Research Plan
... economic activity. Mitigation has been defined as "technological change and substitution that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output … with respect to climate change, mitigation means implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks" (Intergovernmental Prog ...
... economic activity. Mitigation has been defined as "technological change and substitution that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output … with respect to climate change, mitigation means implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks" (Intergovernmental Prog ...
4. Climate Change Scenarios
... of a system to possible changes in climate. These are often uniform annual changes in variables, such as temperature and precipitation. An example is combinations of 1°, 2° and 4° increases in temperature combined with no change and increases and decreases of 10% and 20% in precipitation. Different ...
... of a system to possible changes in climate. These are often uniform annual changes in variables, such as temperature and precipitation. An example is combinations of 1°, 2° and 4° increases in temperature combined with no change and increases and decreases of 10% and 20% in precipitation. Different ...
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Marine Resources of the
... through roto-rod sampling. The rural site was an organic farm in Western Maryland, the semirural site was The Carrie Murray Nature Center (at the extreme western edge of Baltimore City), and the urban site was the Science Center near the Inner Harbor in downtown Baltimore. The arrows shown for the s ...
... through roto-rod sampling. The rural site was an organic farm in Western Maryland, the semirural site was The Carrie Murray Nature Center (at the extreme western edge of Baltimore City), and the urban site was the Science Center near the Inner Harbor in downtown Baltimore. The arrows shown for the s ...
Full text
... kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summer period because the fallow was laid out only a few weeks before the start of the experiment and the former field was well fertilized. Nevertheless, in the following year the fal ...
... kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summer period because the fallow was laid out only a few weeks before the start of the experiment and the former field was well fertilized. Nevertheless, in the following year the fal ...
On Applying the Test of a False Prophet to the
... scandal “Climate-gate.” This so-called “scandal” gave an already uncertain and wary public the rational excuse to reject the science supporting anthropogenic climate change and continue about their carbon emitting lives. When the official investigations of the University of East Anglia, University o ...
... scandal “Climate-gate.” This so-called “scandal” gave an already uncertain and wary public the rational excuse to reject the science supporting anthropogenic climate change and continue about their carbon emitting lives. When the official investigations of the University of East Anglia, University o ...
Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical
... In the case of AB, extratropical as well as tropical regions exchange much more carbon than in AT. Large areas are available especially in the northern regions, where most additional terrestrial carbon is stored at the end of the experiment (Fig. 6). In the first 15 years 20 GtC are taken up by the ...
... In the case of AB, extratropical as well as tropical regions exchange much more carbon than in AT. Large areas are available especially in the northern regions, where most additional terrestrial carbon is stored at the end of the experiment (Fig. 6). In the first 15 years 20 GtC are taken up by the ...
11Climate Change
... natural climate variability, which we discuss in the chapter ahead, cannot explain the present warming trend. The observed changes in the global climate over recent decades are happening at a pace much faster than seen in the historical climate records or in the climate reconstructions that now exte ...
... natural climate variability, which we discuss in the chapter ahead, cannot explain the present warming trend. The observed changes in the global climate over recent decades are happening at a pace much faster than seen in the historical climate records or in the climate reconstructions that now exte ...
Lea - Harvard University
... region are now available for comparison (Fig. 1). Temperature changes over the last two glacial terminations are similar between the Cocos Ridge site and the western Pacific sites, suggesting that the Cocos Ridge SST record is representative of Pacific-wide changes. b. A new time scale for the Cocos ...
... region are now available for comparison (Fig. 1). Temperature changes over the last two glacial terminations are similar between the Cocos Ridge site and the western Pacific sites, suggesting that the Cocos Ridge SST record is representative of Pacific-wide changes. b. A new time scale for the Cocos ...
Estimation of Climate Change Impacts (Pece Ristevski
... (more exactly last twenty years), under the influence of fossil fuel usage and physicalchemical components in the atmosphere structure, the influence of the fourth factor (anthropogenic factor) is more expressed and it becomes one of the more dominant factors of climate. Although Republic of Macedon ...
... (more exactly last twenty years), under the influence of fossil fuel usage and physicalchemical components in the atmosphere structure, the influence of the fourth factor (anthropogenic factor) is more expressed and it becomes one of the more dominant factors of climate. Although Republic of Macedon ...
Plants and climate change: complexities and
... Poloczanska et al., 2013). Further, the way in which species respond to warming may itself be changing. In a study of 13 temperate trees from 1980–2012, Fu et al. (2015) found that the ‘heat requirement’ for leaf flushing had increased over time in every case, on average by almost 50 %—a striking re ...
... Poloczanska et al., 2013). Further, the way in which species respond to warming may itself be changing. In a study of 13 temperate trees from 1980–2012, Fu et al. (2015) found that the ‘heat requirement’ for leaf flushing had increased over time in every case, on average by almost 50 %—a striking re ...
Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere
... has been shown to be statistically significant 15–17 and distinct from estimates of natural variability 15. As discussed later in this Review, qualitatively similar trends towards the high-index polarity of the SAM are found in climate models forced by increasing greenhouse gases. Such simulations s ...
... has been shown to be statistically significant 15–17 and distinct from estimates of natural variability 15. As discussed later in this Review, qualitatively similar trends towards the high-index polarity of the SAM are found in climate models forced by increasing greenhouse gases. Such simulations s ...
Climate Change in the Western United States Grape Growing Regions
... of heat can be detrimental to the vines. While a few days of temperatures greater than 30°C can be beneficial to ripening potential, prolonged periods can induce heat stress in the vine, premature véraison, berry abscission, enzyme inactivation, and less flavor development in the fruit (Mullins et ...
... of heat can be detrimental to the vines. While a few days of temperatures greater than 30°C can be beneficial to ripening potential, prolonged periods can induce heat stress in the vine, premature véraison, berry abscission, enzyme inactivation, and less flavor development in the fruit (Mullins et ...
INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... Climate scenarios are plausible representations of the future that are consistent with assumptions about future emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and with our understanding of the effect of increased atmospheric concentrations of these gases on global climate. It is important to emp ...
... Climate scenarios are plausible representations of the future that are consistent with assumptions about future emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and with our understanding of the effect of increased atmospheric concentrations of these gases on global climate. It is important to emp ...
Primary Impacts of Climate Change in the Chicago Region
... The slight increase in annual temperature since the 1970’s in the Chicago region does not appear to be uniform throughout the year, meaning there are seasonal differences in the observed temperature trends. The winter and summer seasons have experienced slight warming trends since the late 1950’s, w ...
... The slight increase in annual temperature since the 1970’s in the Chicago region does not appear to be uniform throughout the year, meaning there are seasonal differences in the observed temperature trends. The winter and summer seasons have experienced slight warming trends since the late 1950’s, w ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... latitudes, to 8.6% K−1 at the equator, and has a maximum of 12% K−1 at 55◦ S. The local maximum at 55◦ S is related to smaller rates of surface warming in the southern ocean region (Meehl et al 2007), and becomes a local minimum when the rate of change is plotted with respect to global-mean surface ...
... latitudes, to 8.6% K−1 at the equator, and has a maximum of 12% K−1 at 55◦ S. The local maximum at 55◦ S is related to smaller rates of surface warming in the southern ocean region (Meehl et al 2007), and becomes a local minimum when the rate of change is plotted with respect to global-mean surface ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
... ÎThe current focus is on carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion (the IPCC view). ÎSince the climate forcing of CO2 is only one of a diverse set of first order human climate forcings, and global warming is only a subset of climate change (NRC, 2005; IGBP-BAHC, 2004), the current IPCC fo ...
... ÎThe current focus is on carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion (the IPCC view). ÎSince the climate forcing of CO2 is only one of a diverse set of first order human climate forcings, and global warming is only a subset of climate change (NRC, 2005; IGBP-BAHC, 2004), the current IPCC fo ...
Adaptation without borders? - Stockholm Environment Institute
... The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another 19% expect to feel it within 1–5 years; such events can reduce or disrupt production cap ...
... The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another 19% expect to feel it within 1–5 years; such events can reduce or disrupt production cap ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.