Effects of global warming on arctic sea-floor
... Global warming trends have been amplified in the Arctic region relative to the global mean, with dramatic changes observed in the last several decades (see Overpeck et al. 1997; Johannessen et al. 2004; Hassol 2004). The average annual air temperature has increased by 1-4ºC in the last half century, ...
... Global warming trends have been amplified in the Arctic region relative to the global mean, with dramatic changes observed in the last several decades (see Overpeck et al. 1997; Johannessen et al. 2004; Hassol 2004). The average annual air temperature has increased by 1-4ºC in the last half century, ...
Adaptation without borders? - Stockholm Environment Institute
... The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another 19% expect to feel it within 1–5 years; such events can reduce or disrupt production cap ...
... The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another 19% expect to feel it within 1–5 years; such events can reduce or disrupt production cap ...
EXAMINING THE UNINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
... impact on global temperature. One analysis used IPCC assumptions and found that if the U.S. stopped all carbon dioxide emissions immediately, the ultimate impact on global temperature would only be 0.08 degrees Celsius by 2050. Serious concerns have been raised about the IPCC, including lack of tran ...
... impact on global temperature. One analysis used IPCC assumptions and found that if the U.S. stopped all carbon dioxide emissions immediately, the ultimate impact on global temperature would only be 0.08 degrees Celsius by 2050. Serious concerns have been raised about the IPCC, including lack of tran ...
Limitations of integrated assessment models of climate change
... stringent emissions targets aimed at stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) ...
... stringent emissions targets aimed at stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) ...
The effects of buffer and temperature feedback on the
... [1979] is caused largely by DIC, not by T . The initial conditions of the feedback model were prescribed as 292 ppm of atmospheric CO2 concentration, DIC0 =2.053 mol m−3 , νm0 = νa0 =0 and T0 = 15◦ C. For the anthropogenic CO2 production, the data compiled by Marland et al. [1999] from 1860 to 1996 ...
... [1979] is caused largely by DIC, not by T . The initial conditions of the feedback model were prescribed as 292 ppm of atmospheric CO2 concentration, DIC0 =2.053 mol m−3 , νm0 = νa0 =0 and T0 = 15◦ C. For the anthropogenic CO2 production, the data compiled by Marland et al. [1999] from 1860 to 1996 ...
Delaying climate action would be costly for Australia and the
... be absorbing less carbon than we expected, and emissions are rising pretty strongly. Some of the effects are coming through more quickly than we thought then… I would have been much more strong about the risks of a four- or five-degree rise.” Another striking example of re-evaluation of the economic ...
... be absorbing less carbon than we expected, and emissions are rising pretty strongly. Some of the effects are coming through more quickly than we thought then… I would have been much more strong about the risks of a four- or five-degree rise.” Another striking example of re-evaluation of the economic ...
Detection of Environmental Change
... temperatures are also now available from satellite observations, which are exceptional at quantifying local variability, but may not always correspond with in-situ measurements (Parker et al., 1995). Mean annual sea surface temperatures in the western English Channel have undergone considerable inte ...
... temperatures are also now available from satellite observations, which are exceptional at quantifying local variability, but may not always correspond with in-situ measurements (Parker et al., 1995). Mean annual sea surface temperatures in the western English Channel have undergone considerable inte ...
How Climate Change Will Affect People Around the World
... society’s exposure to environmental stresses (for example, more people living by the coast) and reducing the amount of resource available per person (for example, less food per person and causing greater food shortages). 5 In contrast, economic growth often reduces vulnerability to climate change (f ...
... society’s exposure to environmental stresses (for example, more people living by the coast) and reducing the amount of resource available per person (for example, less food per person and causing greater food shortages). 5 In contrast, economic growth often reduces vulnerability to climate change (f ...
Transportation & Climate Change in Manitoba – A Primer
... climate change. Adaptation strategies are aimed at minimizing negative impacts and utilizing opportunities to lessen environmental, economic, and social costs related to climate change. There are five basic categories of adaptation measures: prevent loss (reduce vulnerability), tolerate loss, spread ...
... climate change. Adaptation strategies are aimed at minimizing negative impacts and utilizing opportunities to lessen environmental, economic, and social costs related to climate change. There are five basic categories of adaptation measures: prevent loss (reduce vulnerability), tolerate loss, spread ...
PDF
... Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), have sought to implement or foster large-scale investigations of the contemporary ocean. Each has had its own goals but they are intrinsically connected through their over-arching objectives. Foremost is the aim to progress our understanding of the present marin ...
... Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), have sought to implement or foster large-scale investigations of the contemporary ocean. Each has had its own goals but they are intrinsically connected through their over-arching objectives. Foremost is the aim to progress our understanding of the present marin ...
terms of reference
... 1) BACKGROUND Climate has always been considered as one of the most precious natural resources being gifted to human-beings. Such data on, temperature, humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind, the phenomena occurring in the atmosphere and many other factors play a significant role to all ...
... 1) BACKGROUND Climate has always been considered as one of the most precious natural resources being gifted to human-beings. Such data on, temperature, humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind, the phenomena occurring in the atmosphere and many other factors play a significant role to all ...
A Summary of the Assessment Process of the Intergovernmental
... that they regard as particularly important. 3.2 Authors and Review Editors The author team for an IPCC report consists of Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs), Lead Authors (LAs) and Contributing Authors (CAs) whose roles are defined in IPCC procedures3 as follows: LAs – are responsible for assessing th ...
... that they regard as particularly important. 3.2 Authors and Review Editors The author team for an IPCC report consists of Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs), Lead Authors (LAs) and Contributing Authors (CAs) whose roles are defined in IPCC procedures3 as follows: LAs – are responsible for assessing th ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Alberta
... Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 ...
... Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 ...
The CCAM multi-scale variable-resolution modelling system
... atmospheric model (CCAM) of the CSIRO • A cube-based global model; semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit solution of the primitive equations • Includes a wide range of physical parameterizations • Developed by the CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research ...
... atmospheric model (CCAM) of the CSIRO • A cube-based global model; semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit solution of the primitive equations • Includes a wide range of physical parameterizations • Developed by the CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research ...
Disciplines, Geography, and Gender in the Framing of Climate
... Recent observations show that greenhouse gas emissions and many aspects of the climate are changing near the upper boundary of the IPCC range of projections. Many key climate indicators are already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which contemporary society and economy have d ...
... Recent observations show that greenhouse gas emissions and many aspects of the climate are changing near the upper boundary of the IPCC range of projections. Many key climate indicators are already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which contemporary society and economy have d ...
Regional climate change projections for Chicago and the US Great
... attribute these observed trends in the Great Lakes region to humaninduced climate change, as most observed changes are still within the range of natural variability for the region, and some (such as the observed trends in temperature extremes) have not been observed over sufficiently long time scales ...
... attribute these observed trends in the Great Lakes region to humaninduced climate change, as most observed changes are still within the range of natural variability for the region, and some (such as the observed trends in temperature extremes) have not been observed over sufficiently long time scales ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate – Chapter 1
... For example, scenarios presented in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013b) include a range of plausible futures where mean global surface temperature is likely to increase by 0.3–4.8°C for the period 2081–2100 (relative to the 1985–2005 mean), with asso ...
... For example, scenarios presented in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013b) include a range of plausible futures where mean global surface temperature is likely to increase by 0.3–4.8°C for the period 2081–2100 (relative to the 1985–2005 mean), with asso ...
Global change: state of the science
... atmosphere has risen from 316 ppmv in 1959 to 364 ppmv in 1997 (Keeling and Whorf, 1998). The CO2 measurements exhibit a seasonal cycle, which is mainly caused by the seasonal uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 by terrestrial ecosystems. The added atmospheric carbon resulting from human activitie ...
... atmosphere has risen from 316 ppmv in 1959 to 364 ppmv in 1997 (Keeling and Whorf, 1998). The CO2 measurements exhibit a seasonal cycle, which is mainly caused by the seasonal uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 by terrestrial ecosystems. The added atmospheric carbon resulting from human activitie ...
What Are Climate Forcings?
... respectively) and deserves greater attention. Some forcings are especially effective at high latitudes, so concerted efforts to reduce their emissions could still “save the Arctic”, while also having major benefits for human health, agricultural productivity, and the global environment." http://www. ...
... respectively) and deserves greater attention. Some forcings are especially effective at high latitudes, so concerted efforts to reduce their emissions could still “save the Arctic”, while also having major benefits for human health, agricultural productivity, and the global environment." http://www. ...
Will we leave the Great Barrier Reef for our children?
... causing a warming effect. For at least the past 650,000 years prior to the Industrial Revolution the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere varied between 180 and 300 parts per million (ppm).23 Since the Industrial Revolution, globally averaged concentrations of CO2, the major greenhouse gas in the ...
... causing a warming effect. For at least the past 650,000 years prior to the Industrial Revolution the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere varied between 180 and 300 parts per million (ppm).23 Since the Industrial Revolution, globally averaged concentrations of CO2, the major greenhouse gas in the ...
Solving the paradox of the end of the Little Ice Age in the Alps
... have been set deliberately to the mean value of the twentieth century in order to remove the influence of its variation with time. In addition, data from Saint Sorlin and Claridenfirn glaciers have been reported in Figure 2c for comparison. From these results, we can conclude that during the twentie ...
... have been set deliberately to the mean value of the twentieth century in order to remove the influence of its variation with time. In addition, data from Saint Sorlin and Claridenfirn glaciers have been reported in Figure 2c for comparison. From these results, we can conclude that during the twentie ...
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep
... consideration of climate change and ocean acidification impacts in future ecosystem conservation/management strategies (Taranto et al., 2012; Billé et al., 2013). While previous studies quantified changes in carbonate mineral saturation state as a measure for potential detrimental impacts on deep ca ...
... consideration of climate change and ocean acidification impacts in future ecosystem conservation/management strategies (Taranto et al., 2012; Billé et al., 2013). While previous studies quantified changes in carbonate mineral saturation state as a measure for potential detrimental impacts on deep ca ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.