This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier
... models. This may be due to the fact that causal explanations for connections between large-scale climatic circulation patterns and the local occurrence of extreme weather events (downscaling) are still missing [7]. Moreover, a comprehensive database on extreme weather events of consistent data quali ...
... models. This may be due to the fact that causal explanations for connections between large-scale climatic circulation patterns and the local occurrence of extreme weather events (downscaling) are still missing [7]. Moreover, a comprehensive database on extreme weather events of consistent data quali ...
Bright et al _GCB Invited Review_v4
... instance, the latent heat flux L( E T ) is directly related to the amount of moisture exchanged ...
... instance, the latent heat flux L( E T ) is directly related to the amount of moisture exchanged ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say
... 2 Findings from pre-1900 samples Because studies of samples from before 1900 can examine multi-century datasets, several4 are uniquely positioned to examine prolonged perturbations in a location’s climate. These natural climate variations represent an appealing proxy for future anthropogenic changes ...
... 2 Findings from pre-1900 samples Because studies of samples from before 1900 can examine multi-century datasets, several4 are uniquely positioned to examine prolonged perturbations in a location’s climate. These natural climate variations represent an appealing proxy for future anthropogenic changes ...
What is the temporal and spatial variability in porewater chemistry?
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
Controls of Global-Mean Precipitation Increases in
... formation available online at http://www.ipcc.ch). The experiments analyzed are those of a 1% increase in carbon dioxide per year to doubling. As has been known for some time (e.g., Stephens et al. 1994; Mitchell et al. 1987; Allen and Ingram 2002; and others), global precipitation is constrained by ...
... formation available online at http://www.ipcc.ch). The experiments analyzed are those of a 1% increase in carbon dioxide per year to doubling. As has been known for some time (e.g., Stephens et al. 1994; Mitchell et al. 1987; Allen and Ingram 2002; and others), global precipitation is constrained by ...
Limited Alpine Climatic Warming and Modeled
... et al., 2009 for MWO methods) were used to generate summitGDD using methods similar to those in the previous section to calculate airGDD, with the following exceptions. For gaps 12 to 24 h long, the averages of the same hours from 2 d before and after were used. The data sets for four of the 77 yr ( ...
... et al., 2009 for MWO methods) were used to generate summitGDD using methods similar to those in the previous section to calculate airGDD, with the following exceptions. For gaps 12 to 24 h long, the averages of the same hours from 2 d before and after were used. The data sets for four of the 77 yr ( ...
Climate Sensitivity - Home page 350.me.uk
... 1.1 in the So and C 0 2 experiments, which applied to a warmer earth with less sea ice. We also obtain an empirical estimate of f = 2-4 f o r the fast feedback processes (water vapor, clouds, sea ice) operating on 10-100 year time scales by comparing the cooling due to slow or specified changes (lan ...
... 1.1 in the So and C 0 2 experiments, which applied to a warmer earth with less sea ice. We also obtain an empirical estimate of f = 2-4 f o r the fast feedback processes (water vapor, clouds, sea ice) operating on 10-100 year time scales by comparing the cooling due to slow or specified changes (lan ...
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and
... Crete Island, by applying two thermal indices: physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). This is meant to provide a framework for considering the effects of climatic conditions on human beings and to help stake holders to make any necessary adaptations an ...
... Crete Island, by applying two thermal indices: physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). This is meant to provide a framework for considering the effects of climatic conditions on human beings and to help stake holders to make any necessary adaptations an ...
Simulating thermal pollution caused by a hypothetical groundwater
... thermal regime. Moreover, climate change is expected to increase surface air temperature and change the precipitation regime leading to frequent and intense extreme events. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that the ris ...
... thermal regime. Moreover, climate change is expected to increase surface air temperature and change the precipitation regime leading to frequent and intense extreme events. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that the ris ...
Extended Abstract
... climate change scenarios selected for this analysis. Unlike previous climate change impact studies of the skiing industry, this analysis was able to examine the impact of climate change scenarios for the early decades of this century, which are most relevant to business planning time frames. In the ...
... climate change scenarios selected for this analysis. Unlike previous climate change impact studies of the skiing industry, this analysis was able to examine the impact of climate change scenarios for the early decades of this century, which are most relevant to business planning time frames. In the ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... latitudes, to 8.6% K−1 at the equator, and has a maximum of 12% K−1 at 55◦ S. The local maximum at 55◦ S is related to smaller rates of surface warming in the southern ocean region (Meehl et al 2007), and becomes a local minimum when the rate of change is plotted with respect to global-mean surface ...
... latitudes, to 8.6% K−1 at the equator, and has a maximum of 12% K−1 at 55◦ S. The local maximum at 55◦ S is related to smaller rates of surface warming in the southern ocean region (Meehl et al 2007), and becomes a local minimum when the rate of change is plotted with respect to global-mean surface ...
Standards and Suggestions
... Students then have a strong foundation to begin to understand weather in other parts of the world and can begin to distinguish between weather and climate. In this unit, students will use and create instruments to make and record weather observations and data. Students will collect data over time an ...
... Students then have a strong foundation to begin to understand weather in other parts of the world and can begin to distinguish between weather and climate. In this unit, students will use and create instruments to make and record weather observations and data. Students will collect data over time an ...
Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central
... used to reconstruct the vegetation and climate history of the area during the last 86,000 years. We found that vegetation composition and air temperature were strongly influenced by millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Whereas Greenland warm interstadials were associated with warm an ...
... used to reconstruct the vegetation and climate history of the area during the last 86,000 years. We found that vegetation composition and air temperature were strongly influenced by millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Whereas Greenland warm interstadials were associated with warm an ...
Less Snow, Less Water: Climate Disruption in the West
... winter and early spring, and reduced runoff in late spring and summer. These and other possible but less certain changes are summarized in this section. ...
... winter and early spring, and reduced runoff in late spring and summer. These and other possible but less certain changes are summarized in this section. ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concentrations of the greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere have ranged from ~3000 ppm (parts p ...
... present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concentrations of the greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere have ranged from ~3000 ppm (parts p ...
A changing climate of skepticism? The factors shaping climate
... global warming were to occur, it would be largely beneficial, and second, proposed policies designed to limit global warming would be very harmful to the free market, bring disadvantages to the national economy and threaten individual freedom and thus no actions are needed or should be at best non-b ...
... global warming were to occur, it would be largely beneficial, and second, proposed policies designed to limit global warming would be very harmful to the free market, bring disadvantages to the national economy and threaten individual freedom and thus no actions are needed or should be at best non-b ...
Climate Literacy Principles
... The carbon cycle influences climate in a variety of ways, including seasonal interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the formation and consumption of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere in the ocean and other parts of ...
... The carbon cycle influences climate in a variety of ways, including seasonal interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the formation and consumption of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere in the ocean and other parts of ...
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE
... Cross cutting issues, in particular links with sustainable development and other environmental problems deserve more attention. d. Special reports were considered very useful and many delegations spoke in favour of organising them under the guidance of an IPCC Working Group, which should also provid ...
... Cross cutting issues, in particular links with sustainable development and other environmental problems deserve more attention. d. Special reports were considered very useful and many delegations spoke in favour of organising them under the guidance of an IPCC Working Group, which should also provid ...
Changes in climate and changing climate regions in Slovakia
... important for vegetation as the months from April to September comprise almost the entire growing season. The authors assumed that half of the total precipitation in this period is evaporated and the rest results in run-off. The index also considers winter precipitation, but only its surplus, which ...
... important for vegetation as the months from April to September comprise almost the entire growing season. The authors assumed that half of the total precipitation in this period is evaporated and the rest results in run-off. The index also considers winter precipitation, but only its surplus, which ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
... But Not Enough To Drink Londoners use (per capita, as supplied by Thames Water) approximately 155 litres of water per day, compared to the average for England of 149 litres (based on information provided by water companies to Ofwat). But available water resources per head of population in London are ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.