The social construct of climate and climate change
... However, it is generaliy expected that the evidence to be gathered in the next years will be sufficient to attribute the observed changes to the human emission of gases and particles into the global environment. In short, the 's~gnal'produced by greenhouse warming is on the verge of emerging from th ...
... However, it is generaliy expected that the evidence to be gathered in the next years will be sufficient to attribute the observed changes to the human emission of gases and particles into the global environment. In short, the 's~gnal'produced by greenhouse warming is on the verge of emerging from th ...
Climate Change and Respiratory Health
... clients, and organizational members and supporters. For vulnerable populations, such as those living with a chronic disease, climate change poses both an imminent and a long-term threat. One such population that could see their lives dramatically impacted by the effects of climate change are those l ...
... clients, and organizational members and supporters. For vulnerable populations, such as those living with a chronic disease, climate change poses both an imminent and a long-term threat. One such population that could see their lives dramatically impacted by the effects of climate change are those l ...
A guide to climate change and adaptation in agriculture in South
... Positive forcing tends to warm the surface while negative forcing tends to cool it. In this report radiative forcing values are for 2005 relative to preindustrial conditions defined at 1750 and are expressed in watts per square metre (W/m2). Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now ...
... Positive forcing tends to warm the surface while negative forcing tends to cool it. In this report radiative forcing values are for 2005 relative to preindustrial conditions defined at 1750 and are expressed in watts per square metre (W/m2). Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now ...
climate engineering: which role for space?
... Climate models show that the climate could be brought closer to the pre-industrial climate by applying geoengineering methods to decrease global temperatures [5–11]. Although the deliberate and global manipulation of Earth’s climate has long been ignored as a serious option to counteract global warm ...
... Climate models show that the climate could be brought closer to the pre-industrial climate by applying geoengineering methods to decrease global temperatures [5–11]. Although the deliberate and global manipulation of Earth’s climate has long been ignored as a serious option to counteract global warm ...
SWAN_workshop_fullppt_081111
... [See also ppt entitled “Understanding the Science of Climate Change: Climate drivers and climate effects”] ...
... [See also ppt entitled “Understanding the Science of Climate Change: Climate drivers and climate effects”] ...
Climate change as a threat to biodiversity
... atmosphere and this has changed the energy balance of the earth system, leading to warming at the earth's surface. These changes will also have an impact on future global climate (Steffen et al., 2004). According to the IPCC Working Group 1 report (IPCC, 2007a) the global atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
... atmosphere and this has changed the energy balance of the earth system, leading to warming at the earth's surface. These changes will also have an impact on future global climate (Steffen et al., 2004). According to the IPCC Working Group 1 report (IPCC, 2007a) the global atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
What Is El Niño? - Gulf of Maine Aquarium
... Using the answers they obtained from the tutorial,discuss with students what happens in an El Niño year and a non-El Niño year in the tropical Pacific Ocean.List answers on the chalkboard or overhead projector, comparing it to the list from Step 1. ...
... Using the answers they obtained from the tutorial,discuss with students what happens in an El Niño year and a non-El Niño year in the tropical Pacific Ocean.List answers on the chalkboard or overhead projector, comparing it to the list from Step 1. ...
MET 112 Global Climate Change - Department of Meteorology and
... (long wavelength) infrared energy. energy radiation into the atmosphere as heat, rising from a hot road, creating shimmers on hot sunny days. The earth-atmosphere energy balance is achieved as the energy received from the Sun balances the energy lost by the Earth back into space. So, the Earth maint ...
... (long wavelength) infrared energy. energy radiation into the atmosphere as heat, rising from a hot road, creating shimmers on hot sunny days. The earth-atmosphere energy balance is achieved as the energy received from the Sun balances the energy lost by the Earth back into space. So, the Earth maint ...
1 Changes in Hurricane Climatology in Recent Decades Anais Orsi
... This failure to account for the uncertainties in PDI due to the uncertainties in the maximum wind speed is a major deficiency of the paper, as pointed out by Gray [8] among others. Major changes have been made in the way that maximum wind speed was estimated over the time span of the databases used ...
... This failure to account for the uncertainties in PDI due to the uncertainties in the maximum wind speed is a major deficiency of the paper, as pointed out by Gray [8] among others. Major changes have been made in the way that maximum wind speed was estimated over the time span of the databases used ...
Impacts of climate change on temperature and evaporation from a
... Abstract: Determining evaporation rates is essential for efficient management of reservoirs and water resources, particularly in water-scarce countries such as Australia. Today, it is estimated that open water reservoirs in Australia lose around 40% of their total water storage capacity per year to ...
... Abstract: Determining evaporation rates is essential for efficient management of reservoirs and water resources, particularly in water-scarce countries such as Australia. Today, it is estimated that open water reservoirs in Australia lose around 40% of their total water storage capacity per year to ...
Drought and warming induced changes in P and K concentration
... (Sardans et al. 2006a). After the first seven experimental years, warming had increased the stem growth of Erica multiflora (30%; Peñuelas et al. 2007). Drought decreased shoot water potential and stomatal conductance (Llorens et al. 2003), root-surface phosphatase activity (Sardans et al. 2007) and ...
... (Sardans et al. 2006a). After the first seven experimental years, warming had increased the stem growth of Erica multiflora (30%; Peñuelas et al. 2007). Drought decreased shoot water potential and stomatal conductance (Llorens et al. 2003), root-surface phosphatase activity (Sardans et al. 2007) and ...
Download: ACI2015 - Summary for Policy-makers
... Methane Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since pre-industrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as much as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arct ...
... Methane Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since pre-industrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as much as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arct ...
Impacts of Climate Change
... It is important for those interested in the human significance of climate change to consider the fallacy of averages. While the SRES A2 scenario suggests that the average temperature of Earth will warm by between 0.7 and 2.0° Celsius (with an average of about 1.3° Celsius) by 2050, this warming will ...
... It is important for those interested in the human significance of climate change to consider the fallacy of averages. While the SRES A2 scenario suggests that the average temperature of Earth will warm by between 0.7 and 2.0° Celsius (with an average of about 1.3° Celsius) by 2050, this warming will ...
Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a
... greenhouse gas emissions on global surface temperature, but may also result in undesirable side effects for crucial parts of the Earth system and humankind. An SRM-engineered climate would regionally differ from a naturally balanced (say preindustrial) climate of the same global mean temperature bec ...
... greenhouse gas emissions on global surface temperature, but may also result in undesirable side effects for crucial parts of the Earth system and humankind. An SRM-engineered climate would regionally differ from a naturally balanced (say preindustrial) climate of the same global mean temperature bec ...
The demographic impacts of shifts in climate means and extremes
... 1968). Adults behaviourally thermoregulate to achieve the body temperatures required for flight, but do not elevate body temperatures through endogenous heat production (Watt 1968). Butterflies use a lateral basking posture with the wings closed and the ventral hindwing surfaces oriented perpendicular ...
... 1968). Adults behaviourally thermoregulate to achieve the body temperatures required for flight, but do not elevate body temperatures through endogenous heat production (Watt 1968). Butterflies use a lateral basking posture with the wings closed and the ventral hindwing surfaces oriented perpendicular ...
Global Warming and the Greenland Ice Sheet
... A hypothetically stable ice sheet is produced by a long term balance between negative components (melting, sublimation and ice/water discharge) and positive components (precipitation and water vapor deposition). It is also interesting to note that with warmer temperatures, more of the precipitation ...
... A hypothetically stable ice sheet is produced by a long term balance between negative components (melting, sublimation and ice/water discharge) and positive components (precipitation and water vapor deposition). It is also interesting to note that with warmer temperatures, more of the precipitation ...
The Ocean in a High-CO2 World
... Impacts on these calcifying organisms will lead to cascading effects throughout marine ecosystems. Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface water ...
... Impacts on these calcifying organisms will lead to cascading effects throughout marine ecosystems. Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface water ...
Yes Impact – Water Wars
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
Problems with making and governing global kinds of knowledge
... global physical change’ (p. 21). I am not engaging here with arguments about whether or not human agency and culture should be represented in global models and how such representations should be achieved: for example through simulation of agentbased behaviours or through capturing the dynamics of so ...
... global physical change’ (p. 21). I am not engaging here with arguments about whether or not human agency and culture should be represented in global models and how such representations should be achieved: for example through simulation of agentbased behaviours or through capturing the dynamics of so ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.