Predicting Hydrological Response to Climate Change in the White
... conditions and result in various impacts on global water resource systems. Likely impact may be on hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, water temperature, stream flow volume, soil moisture, timing and magnitude of runoff, and frequency and severity of floods, all these will lead to cha ...
... conditions and result in various impacts on global water resource systems. Likely impact may be on hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, water temperature, stream flow volume, soil moisture, timing and magnitude of runoff, and frequency and severity of floods, all these will lead to cha ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are widely distributed across the tundra biome and are often dominant, owing to their canopy height, longevity and ability to outcompete low-growing plants. With wide geog ...
... centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are widely distributed across the tundra biome and are often dominant, owing to their canopy height, longevity and ability to outcompete low-growing plants. With wide geog ...
Global Environmental Challenges, Law, Spring 2006
... will be far different from what we already see happening today. The goal of the course is to expose students to different perspectives in current climate change debates and to create an intellectual environment for exchange of information and creation of knowledge in the classroom on what we should ...
... will be far different from what we already see happening today. The goal of the course is to expose students to different perspectives in current climate change debates and to create an intellectual environment for exchange of information and creation of knowledge in the classroom on what we should ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... and the low-level jet (LLJ) east of the Andes in South America over two time periods: the first can be understood as the current climate and covers the period from 1980 to 1989; the second covers the period from 2080 to 2089 under a future global warming climate as projected by the Intergovernmental ...
... and the low-level jet (LLJ) east of the Andes in South America over two time periods: the first can be understood as the current climate and covers the period from 1980 to 1989; the second covers the period from 2080 to 2089 under a future global warming climate as projected by the Intergovernmental ...
Earth`s energy imbalance and implications
... gas amount. It requires only summing over the planet the change of heat radiation to space, which depends on known atmospheric and surface properties. We employ climate forcings (Fig. 1) described elsewhere (Hansen et al., 2007) for simplified calculations of global temperature, demonstrating that a ...
... gas amount. It requires only summing over the planet the change of heat radiation to space, which depends on known atmospheric and surface properties. We employ climate forcings (Fig. 1) described elsewhere (Hansen et al., 2007) for simplified calculations of global temperature, demonstrating that a ...
Responding to Threats of Climate Change Mega
... cascading catastrophes. For example, if several years of historically unusual drought weakened agricultural systems in many vulnerable parts of the world, there would be a stronger basis for concern about cascading consequences than if agricultural failures were not occurring simultaneously. However ...
... cascading catastrophes. For example, if several years of historically unusual drought weakened agricultural systems in many vulnerable parts of the world, there would be a stronger basis for concern about cascading consequences than if agricultural failures were not occurring simultaneously. However ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean
... Global climate change has emerged over the past decade as one of the major environmental issues facing countries worldwide. The Caribbean, with its small islands and lowlying states, is facing serious challenges as they seek to grapple with the impacts of a changing climate. Global temperatures hav ...
... Global climate change has emerged over the past decade as one of the major environmental issues facing countries worldwide. The Caribbean, with its small islands and lowlying states, is facing serious challenges as they seek to grapple with the impacts of a changing climate. Global temperatures hav ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... and the log-normal PDFs, respectively, and dier from the best estimate. The log-normal PDF is probably the best representation of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when ...
... and the log-normal PDFs, respectively, and dier from the best estimate. The log-normal PDF is probably the best representation of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when ...
5.3.2 Glaciers
... second largest component of the climate system after the oceans with regard to mass and heat capacity. Snow and ice play a key role in the earth’s energy budget by reflecting heat from the sun due to its light surfaces. As melting replaces white surfaces with darker, more heat is being absorbed (the ...
... second largest component of the climate system after the oceans with regard to mass and heat capacity. Snow and ice play a key role in the earth’s energy budget by reflecting heat from the sun due to its light surfaces. As melting replaces white surfaces with darker, more heat is being absorbed (the ...
The carbon cycle in a changing climate
... observed in the CO2 growth rate.7,8 Following that discovery, Bacastow, Keeling, and other researchers established that atmospheric CO2 increases more rapidly during strong El Niño periods because warm and dry conditions in the tropics reduce plant photosynthesis and promote both wildfires and intent ...
... observed in the CO2 growth rate.7,8 Following that discovery, Bacastow, Keeling, and other researchers established that atmospheric CO2 increases more rapidly during strong El Niño periods because warm and dry conditions in the tropics reduce plant photosynthesis and promote both wildfires and intent ...
Distribution-wide effects of climate on population densities of a
... 2. Using autoregressive population models, we tested for effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on annual population densities of a North American migratory landbird, the yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, across the species’ breeding distr ...
... 2. Using autoregressive population models, we tested for effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on annual population densities of a North American migratory landbird, the yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, across the species’ breeding distr ...
Climate change, threat multiplier and internal conflicts in Northeast
... Forum in Korea (at the same time that governments were meeting in Bonn for five days of informal climate negotiations) that failure to act quickly on climate change could lead to a worsening of tensions, social unrest and even violence. This is only the latest warning about climate-induced conflict ...
... Forum in Korea (at the same time that governments were meeting in Bonn for five days of informal climate negotiations) that failure to act quickly on climate change could lead to a worsening of tensions, social unrest and even violence. This is only the latest warning about climate-induced conflict ...
Reliable Science: Overcoming Public Doubts in the Climate Change
... inquiry based on principles and methodology. 20 Unlike the standard in Frye, which essentially outsourced admissibility determinations to the scientific community, the standard in Daubertand its progeny tasks judges with separating good science from bad science by using those inquiries.2 1 The appro ...
... inquiry based on principles and methodology. 20 Unlike the standard in Frye, which essentially outsourced admissibility determinations to the scientific community, the standard in Daubertand its progeny tasks judges with separating good science from bad science by using those inquiries.2 1 The appro ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part I: Observing
... to global data sets. Edwards (1999; 2010) speaks in this context about model-filtered data and a symbiotic relationship between data and models. It may be that the use of models to correct and extend data in climate science is more widespread than in other sciences. Yet, as Edwards (1999) and Norton ...
... to global data sets. Edwards (1999; 2010) speaks in this context about model-filtered data and a symbiotic relationship between data and models. It may be that the use of models to correct and extend data in climate science is more widespread than in other sciences. Yet, as Edwards (1999) and Norton ...
From Mars and Venus Down to Earth: Understanding the
... Europe has backed binding targets, more direct regulation, and supported the idea that mitigation should begin with the advanced, industrialized countries (see Oberthür and Ott, in this volume). From the very beginning of the UNFCCC process, the debates about climate change within Europe and the US ...
... Europe has backed binding targets, more direct regulation, and supported the idea that mitigation should begin with the advanced, industrialized countries (see Oberthür and Ott, in this volume). From the very beginning of the UNFCCC process, the debates about climate change within Europe and the US ...
Presentation Slides - Association for the Advancement of
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the dependence increased trend uncertainty by about 50%. If we should increase the error bars in Figure 1 by 50%, they would still be small compared with the year-to-year fluctuations seen, and we may believe that these year-toyear fluctuations are real geophysical changes and not just measurement unc ...
... the dependence increased trend uncertainty by about 50%. If we should increase the error bars in Figure 1 by 50%, they would still be small compared with the year-to-year fluctuations seen, and we may believe that these year-toyear fluctuations are real geophysical changes and not just measurement unc ...
a sensitive matter - The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... 3. In the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), the empirical estimates of climate sensitivity were largely based not only on data that has now been superseded, but also on an inappropriate statistical basis that biased them towards higher values, thus making the global warming problem appear ‘worse’ ...
... 3. In the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), the empirical estimates of climate sensitivity were largely based not only on data that has now been superseded, but also on an inappropriate statistical basis that biased them towards higher values, thus making the global warming problem appear ‘worse’ ...
Temperature change and its effects on the Great Lakes climate
... This includes the Great Lakes region. Therefore, none of these studies means a whole lot if climate has never changed and never will change. On the other hand we also know that climate for any given location is not constant with time. Climatologists have begun to speculate on climate change and what ...
... This includes the Great Lakes region. Therefore, none of these studies means a whole lot if climate has never changed and never will change. On the other hand we also know that climate for any given location is not constant with time. Climatologists have begun to speculate on climate change and what ...
After which threshold do anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
... Terasvirta, David Hendry, Nektarios Aslanidis and the participants at the Econometric Models for Climate Change conference. In addition, we would like to thank Yaniv Reingewertz and Nathan Paldor for generously providing their data. ...
... Terasvirta, David Hendry, Nektarios Aslanidis and the participants at the Econometric Models for Climate Change conference. In addition, we would like to thank Yaniv Reingewertz and Nathan Paldor for generously providing their data. ...
Endnotes - CSIRO Publishing
... 3. Della-Marta P, Collins D and Braganza K (2003) Updating Australia’s high-quality annual temperature dataset. Australian Meteorological Magazine 53: 75–93. 4. Karoly DJ and Braganza K (2005) A new approach to detection of anthropogenic temperature changes in the Australian region. Meteorology and ...
... 3. Della-Marta P, Collins D and Braganza K (2003) Updating Australia’s high-quality annual temperature dataset. Australian Meteorological Magazine 53: 75–93. 4. Karoly DJ and Braganza K (2005) A new approach to detection of anthropogenic temperature changes in the Australian region. Meteorology and ...
... Climate change is likely to continue affecting salmonids throughout their ranges. Increasing air temperatures have been warming stream and lake temperatures (Isaak et al., 2012; Schneider and Hook, 2010) with impacts ranging from increasing stress and metabolic rates to loss of lower-elevation habit ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.