Paris: Beyond the Climate Dead End through Pledge and Review?
... not rest on reciprocity, are not enforceable, and their rules are frequently violated. But they are not costly to their sponsors, and groups within countries where human rights are contested can sometimes use these institutions as “hooks” to grab onto, calling attention to international norms and se ...
... not rest on reciprocity, are not enforceable, and their rules are frequently violated. But they are not costly to their sponsors, and groups within countries where human rights are contested can sometimes use these institutions as “hooks” to grab onto, calling attention to international norms and se ...
Climate change: a framework for a global agreement in 2015
... from crops, animals and water supply to food security, climate regulation, health and protection from natural hazards. In providing these vital services and goods, nature delivers what is understood as “natural capital”. 10. In much the same way that investors use financial capital to generate profi ...
... from crops, animals and water supply to food security, climate regulation, health and protection from natural hazards. In providing these vital services and goods, nature delivers what is understood as “natural capital”. 10. In much the same way that investors use financial capital to generate profi ...
Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests
... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
Gregory and Forster - University of Leeds
... can evaluate climate resistance r from the runs in this data set. To obtain r, we use ordinary least squares linear regression (OLS) of F against DT for years 1– 70, during which CO2 is increasing. In a set of 16 CMIP3 AOGCMs, the correlation coefficients for decadal-mean F with decadalmean DT excee ...
... can evaluate climate resistance r from the runs in this data set. To obtain r, we use ordinary least squares linear regression (OLS) of F against DT for years 1– 70, during which CO2 is increasing. In a set of 16 CMIP3 AOGCMs, the correlation coefficients for decadal-mean F with decadalmean DT excee ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
... in the release of Green House Gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere (WWF, 2010; IPCC, 2007). Subsequently, this leads to the rise of earth’s temperature due to the radioactive properties of GHGs (Lama & Devkota, 2009). As mentioned in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, global wa ...
... in the release of Green House Gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere (WWF, 2010; IPCC, 2007). Subsequently, this leads to the rise of earth’s temperature due to the radioactive properties of GHGs (Lama & Devkota, 2009). As mentioned in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, global wa ...
Climate Change and Climate Change Policy as Human Sacrifice
... Europe’s summer of 2003 was the hottest since the sixteenth century, and more than 19,000 deaths on the continent were attributed to the oppressive heat.1 While no single weather event can be credited to global warming, researchers have pointed to the consistency of this summer heat wave with the pr ...
... Europe’s summer of 2003 was the hottest since the sixteenth century, and more than 19,000 deaths on the continent were attributed to the oppressive heat.1 While no single weather event can be credited to global warming, researchers have pointed to the consistency of this summer heat wave with the pr ...
Hydrologic modeling of an arctic tundra watershed: Toward Pan
... The tundra landscape is unique. Infiltration and soil water movement is confined to shallow zones by permafrost, and the seasonal regimes of rivers, soil moisture, and surfacegroundwater interactions are dominated by freeze-thaw processes [Dingman, 1970; Hinzman et al., 1991; McNamara et al., 1997; ...
... The tundra landscape is unique. Infiltration and soil water movement is confined to shallow zones by permafrost, and the seasonal regimes of rivers, soil moisture, and surfacegroundwater interactions are dominated by freeze-thaw processes [Dingman, 1970; Hinzman et al., 1991; McNamara et al., 1997; ...
Pacific Region Climate Change Science and Learning Opportunities
... impact of those changes on key sectors of the U.S. economy. The project’s independent research team analyzed low-probability, high-impact climate events, as well as those most likely to occur. Consideration of such “tail risks” is critical for investors and businesses accustomed to buying insurance ...
... impact of those changes on key sectors of the U.S. economy. The project’s independent research team analyzed low-probability, high-impact climate events, as well as those most likely to occur. Consideration of such “tail risks” is critical for investors and businesses accustomed to buying insurance ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... Arrhenius did not see that as a problem. He figured that if industry continued to burn fuel at the current (1896) rate, it would take perhaps three thousand years for the CO2 level to rise so high. Högbom doubted it would ever rise that much. One thing holding back the rise was the oceans. According ...
... Arrhenius did not see that as a problem. He figured that if industry continued to burn fuel at the current (1896) rate, it would take perhaps three thousand years for the CO2 level to rise so high. Högbom doubted it would ever rise that much. One thing holding back the rise was the oceans. According ...
LANDSCHEIDT - New Little Ice Age Instead of Global Warming?
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established by the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), no longer publishes well defined “best estimate projections” of global temperature rise to the year 2100 caused by increases in greenhouse gas accumulations in the atm ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established by the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), no longer publishes well defined “best estimate projections” of global temperature rise to the year 2100 caused by increases in greenhouse gas accumulations in the atm ...
PREPARING FOR CLIMATIC CHANGE: THE WATER, SALMON, AND
... These two climate patterns are useful for our purposes in at least two ways. First, together they provide some of the best predictability in seasonal forecasts of any middle latitude location. Second, the multi-decadal timescale of the PDO may provide a useful surrogate for anthropogenic climate cha ...
... These two climate patterns are useful for our purposes in at least two ways. First, together they provide some of the best predictability in seasonal forecasts of any middle latitude location. Second, the multi-decadal timescale of the PDO may provide a useful surrogate for anthropogenic climate cha ...
Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Demand and Crop Growth in a Mediterranean Environment of Turkey
... of regional climate models (RCMs) (http://prudence.dmi.dk/). Based on a range of several current climate models, the mean annual global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 oC over the period of 1990 to 2100 [19], with changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitati ...
... of regional climate models (RCMs) (http://prudence.dmi.dk/). Based on a range of several current climate models, the mean annual global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 oC over the period of 1990 to 2100 [19], with changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitati ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... five-year period in the past 150 years when average annual precipitation was close to 20% below normal. In 1952-1956, average annual precipitation across Illinois averaged 18% below normal. For that five-year period, average annual temperature was 2.1oF above normal. Average annual runoff for Illino ...
... five-year period in the past 150 years when average annual precipitation was close to 20% below normal. In 1952-1956, average annual precipitation across Illinois averaged 18% below normal. For that five-year period, average annual temperature was 2.1oF above normal. Average annual runoff for Illino ...
Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global
... 2. Lewandowsky, S., Gilles, G. & Vaughan, S. (2012). The pivotal role of perceived scientific consensus in acceptance of science. Nature Climate Change. 10.1038/10.1038/NCLIMATE1720 3. Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., Feinberg, G., & Howe, P. (2012) Climate change in the American mind ...
... 2. Lewandowsky, S., Gilles, G. & Vaughan, S. (2012). The pivotal role of perceived scientific consensus in acceptance of science. Nature Climate Change. 10.1038/10.1038/NCLIMATE1720 3. Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., Feinberg, G., & Howe, P. (2012) Climate change in the American mind ...
Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in
... satellite-based global stratospheric water vapor distributions as discussed above were seasonally averaged above the tropopause for 1996–2000 and 2001.5–2005.5, respectively, to examine the climate impact of the water vapor decrease post-2000. The adjusted radiative forcing of climate from this chan ...
... satellite-based global stratospheric water vapor distributions as discussed above were seasonally averaged above the tropopause for 1996–2000 and 2001.5–2005.5, respectively, to examine the climate impact of the water vapor decrease post-2000. The adjusted radiative forcing of climate from this chan ...
Climate change in Australia | Monsoonal North cluster report
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
Strengthening of the hydrological cycle in future scenarios
... in the middle and end- 21C. It is only through a very large perturbation of surface fluxes that A1B achieves a larger increase in global precipitation in the last decades of the 21C. Our energy/water budget analysis shows that this behavior is ultimately due to a bifurcation in the Bowen ratio chang ...
... in the middle and end- 21C. It is only through a very large perturbation of surface fluxes that A1B achieves a larger increase in global precipitation in the last decades of the 21C. Our energy/water budget analysis shows that this behavior is ultimately due to a bifurcation in the Bowen ratio chang ...
150716_CWCF statement on climate change_final
... ● 2013-present: Thousands of people have agreed to fast for the climate on the first of each month until sufficient climate action is taken. ● 21.09.14: Nearly 400,000 people joined the People’s Climate March in New York, while 40,000 people marched in London. On the same day there were 2,500 events ...
... ● 2013-present: Thousands of people have agreed to fast for the climate on the first of each month until sufficient climate action is taken. ● 21.09.14: Nearly 400,000 people joined the People’s Climate March in New York, while 40,000 people marched in London. On the same day there were 2,500 events ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.