Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change Raymond C. Smith
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic
... sites. At depths below this, the seabed will be thermally more stable, though subject to changes associated with intermittent incursions of relatively warm UCDW onto the shelf. A second important factor in the oceanography of the WAP area is the influence of glacial meltwater. Seasonal variability i ...
... sites. At depths below this, the seabed will be thermally more stable, though subject to changes associated with intermittent incursions of relatively warm UCDW onto the shelf. A second important factor in the oceanography of the WAP area is the influence of glacial meltwater. Seasonal variability i ...
Climate Change Impacts in Hawai`i - Hawaii Sea Grant
... climate change impacts report to provide Hawai‘i communities with a foundational understanding of the effects of global climate change on Hawai‘i’s resources and ecosystems. The report presents a summary of the current state of scientific knowledge regarding climate change and how it is expected to ...
... climate change impacts report to provide Hawai‘i communities with a foundational understanding of the effects of global climate change on Hawai‘i’s resources and ecosystems. The report presents a summary of the current state of scientific knowledge regarding climate change and how it is expected to ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... • Second is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, three of the four SLCPs are also air pollutants that damage public health and ecosystems. Reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths every year, protect tens of millions of tonnes of crops, and contribute to sustain ...
... • Second is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, three of the four SLCPs are also air pollutants that damage public health and ecosystems. Reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths every year, protect tens of millions of tonnes of crops, and contribute to sustain ...
Historical Overview of Climate Change Science
... gone before, science is cumulative, with useful features retained and non-useful features abandoned. Active research scientists, throughout their careers, typically spend large fractions of their working time studying in depth what other scientists have done. Superficial or amateurish acquaintance w ...
... gone before, science is cumulative, with useful features retained and non-useful features abandoned. Active research scientists, throughout their careers, typically spend large fractions of their working time studying in depth what other scientists have done. Superficial or amateurish acquaintance w ...
Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
... Scientific research has unequivocally established that greenhouse gas emissions are leading to increasing changes in the Earth’s climate. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and recipient of the ...
... Scientific research has unequivocally established that greenhouse gas emissions are leading to increasing changes in the Earth’s climate. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and recipient of the ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... Figure 1: Future global warming scenarios of the TAR. The possible range of global mean temperature change in the 21st century is the envelope of predictions by several climate models given different emission scenarios. Source: IPCC (2001, p. 555). and the same emission scenario, i.e. the uncertain ...
... Figure 1: Future global warming scenarios of the TAR. The possible range of global mean temperature change in the 21st century is the envelope of predictions by several climate models given different emission scenarios. Source: IPCC (2001, p. 555). and the same emission scenario, i.e. the uncertain ...
Harley b/l - CalCOFI.org
... oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation events (Jones et al. 2001). These oscillations provide natural “experiments” that can serve as proxies for studying the impacts of long-term, nonoscillatory trends such as those predicted by anthropogenic warming scenarios (IPCC 2001). Long-term chan ...
... oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation events (Jones et al. 2001). These oscillations provide natural “experiments” that can serve as proxies for studying the impacts of long-term, nonoscillatory trends such as those predicted by anthropogenic warming scenarios (IPCC 2001). Long-term chan ...
Climate Policy and Interest Groups - a Public
... limate policy is a recent issue that has become increasingly relevant. Economists often note that its instruments have not been designed using the results of economic theory. Inefficient instruments such as subsidies or voluntary agreements are used instead of trade in emissions or taxes. On the one ...
... limate policy is a recent issue that has become increasingly relevant. Economists often note that its instruments have not been designed using the results of economic theory. Inefficient instruments such as subsidies or voluntary agreements are used instead of trade in emissions or taxes. On the one ...
Word - Nature Works Everywhere
... In order for students to fully grasp climate change they must first understand the difference between climate and weather. It is this basic understanding that helps to demystify statements we hear like “We had record snowfall this year! How can there be global warming?” Essentially, weather is short ...
... In order for students to fully grasp climate change they must first understand the difference between climate and weather. It is this basic understanding that helps to demystify statements we hear like “We had record snowfall this year! How can there be global warming?” Essentially, weather is short ...
Climate change and global justice
... ‘People living in the Ganges Delta and lower Manhattan share flood risks associated with rising seas levels. They do not share the same vulnerabilities. The reason: the Ganges Delta is marked by high levels of poverty and low levels of infrastructural protection’.19 The devastation caused by drought ...
... ‘People living in the Ganges Delta and lower Manhattan share flood risks associated with rising seas levels. They do not share the same vulnerabilities. The reason: the Ganges Delta is marked by high levels of poverty and low levels of infrastructural protection’.19 The devastation caused by drought ...
Su et al, Monitoring climate change - core
... projects, and ESA Climate Change Initiative projects, CORE-CLIMAX was proposed to coordinate the identification of available physical measurements that can be reconciled with previously existing data records to form long-term climate data records. What are the key objectives of CORECLIMAX and how we ...
... projects, and ESA Climate Change Initiative projects, CORE-CLIMAX was proposed to coordinate the identification of available physical measurements that can be reconciled with previously existing data records to form long-term climate data records. What are the key objectives of CORECLIMAX and how we ...
Preview of Buddhist Response to the Climate
... U.S. Congress warned about the grave dangers of global warming due to human use of carbon fuels. Since then the global climate crisis has become much worse: carbon gas emissions have been increasing radically. If present trends continue, carbon dioxide levels will double by mid-century. Radical step ...
... U.S. Congress warned about the grave dangers of global warming due to human use of carbon fuels. Since then the global climate crisis has become much worse: carbon gas emissions have been increasing radically. If present trends continue, carbon dioxide levels will double by mid-century. Radical step ...
gypsy moth and nun moth
... extends up to middle Fennoscandia, where the simulation gave an EI result varying between 18 and 23 (Fig. 1). The EI values increase at northern locations with projected increase 1.4°C compared to the simulations without climate change scenarios. Potential range extends remarkably more to the north, ...
... extends up to middle Fennoscandia, where the simulation gave an EI result varying between 18 and 23 (Fig. 1). The EI values increase at northern locations with projected increase 1.4°C compared to the simulations without climate change scenarios. Potential range extends remarkably more to the north, ...
Climate change and seafood safety: Human health implications
... 2.1. Climate change and the oceans About 520 million people (i.e., around 8% of the world’s population) depend on seafood as a source of protein, income or family stability (FAO, 2009). The oceans and estuaries (i.e., productive coastal environments where rivers meet the sea) that support these fishe ...
... 2.1. Climate change and the oceans About 520 million people (i.e., around 8% of the world’s population) depend on seafood as a source of protein, income or family stability (FAO, 2009). The oceans and estuaries (i.e., productive coastal environments where rivers meet the sea) that support these fishe ...
Impacts of climate change on land-based sectors and
... published its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), concluding warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely (> 90% chance) due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (human activity sourced) ...
... published its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), concluding warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely (> 90% chance) due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (human activity sourced) ...
Regional temperature change over the HuangHuaiHai Plain of
... at global scale. However, urban heat islands (UHI) could greatly influence natural variations in local climate (Hua et al., 2008). Tayan et al. (1997) showed that the effect of urbanization on UHI is most obvious in spring, whereas its highest effect on the lowering of minimum temperature occurs in ...
... at global scale. However, urban heat islands (UHI) could greatly influence natural variations in local climate (Hua et al., 2008). Tayan et al. (1997) showed that the effect of urbanization on UHI is most obvious in spring, whereas its highest effect on the lowering of minimum temperature occurs in ...
Impacts of Chinese reactive nitrogen on climate change
... In this study, the GTP is used as the common metric to assess and inter-compare the climate impacts of Nr compounds. The quantified results of GTP for climate forces E1-E6 ...
... In this study, the GTP is used as the common metric to assess and inter-compare the climate impacts of Nr compounds. The quantified results of GTP for climate forces E1-E6 ...
PDF
... There is a growing consensus that the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to higher temperatures and increased precipitation over the next century. The changes in climate are predicted to have a significant impact on economic activity. One of the most significant way ...
... There is a growing consensus that the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to higher temperatures and increased precipitation over the next century. The changes in climate are predicted to have a significant impact on economic activity. One of the most significant way ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are widely distributed across the tundra biome and are often dominant, owing to their canopy height, longevity and ability to outcompete low-growing plants. With wide geog ...
... centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are widely distributed across the tundra biome and are often dominant, owing to their canopy height, longevity and ability to outcompete low-growing plants. With wide geog ...
Predicting Hydrological Response to Climate Change in the White
... conditions and result in various impacts on global water resource systems. Likely impact may be on hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, water temperature, stream flow volume, soil moisture, timing and magnitude of runoff, and frequency and severity of floods, all these will lead to cha ...
... conditions and result in various impacts on global water resource systems. Likely impact may be on hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, water temperature, stream flow volume, soil moisture, timing and magnitude of runoff, and frequency and severity of floods, all these will lead to cha ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.