Waves of Change: Climate Change in the Pacific Islands
... “As human beings, we are vulnerable to confusing the unprecedented with the improbable. In our everyday experience, if something has never happened before, we are generally safe in assuming it is not going to happen in the future, but the exceptions can kill you and climate change is one of those ex ...
... “As human beings, we are vulnerable to confusing the unprecedented with the improbable. In our everyday experience, if something has never happened before, we are generally safe in assuming it is not going to happen in the future, but the exceptions can kill you and climate change is one of those ex ...
Climate Changes, Impacts and Implications for New Zealand to
... independence, which can result in relative leadership or laggardness compared to global trends. Scenarios that have legitimacy with stakeholders thus have to include non-climate and climate policy elements that reflect the perceived, or real, degree of national independence and ability to forge one’ ...
... independence, which can result in relative leadership or laggardness compared to global trends. Scenarios that have legitimacy with stakeholders thus have to include non-climate and climate policy elements that reflect the perceived, or real, degree of national independence and ability to forge one’ ...
The Effects of Climate Change on Public Health and the Healthcare
... temperature, thermocline depths and thickness affect activity of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, tropical cyclone intensification, and landfall predication will further enrich modeling capacity” (McMichael, p. 859, 2006). Today’s models have been well validated against recorded data f ...
... temperature, thermocline depths and thickness affect activity of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, tropical cyclone intensification, and landfall predication will further enrich modeling capacity” (McMichael, p. 859, 2006). Today’s models have been well validated against recorded data f ...
Environmental Degradation, Social Sin, and the Common Good
... global climate. Effects on crop productivity are particularly problematic in seasonally dry and tropical regions where it is projected to decrease with small local temperature increases of 1-2 degrees Centigrade. Yields from rain-fed agriculture in some African countries could be reduced by up to 50 ...
... global climate. Effects on crop productivity are particularly problematic in seasonally dry and tropical regions where it is projected to decrease with small local temperature increases of 1-2 degrees Centigrade. Yields from rain-fed agriculture in some African countries could be reduced by up to 50 ...
Appendix A. Statistical Issues Regarding Trends. From Synthesis
... chance natural fluctuation. The overall cooling trend is what is expected to occur due to anthropogenic influences. At the surface, on short time scales, there is a complex combination of effects. There is no clear cooling after El Chichón, primarily because this was offset by the very strong 1982/8 ...
... chance natural fluctuation. The overall cooling trend is what is expected to occur due to anthropogenic influences. At the surface, on short time scales, there is a complex combination of effects. There is no clear cooling after El Chichón, primarily because this was offset by the very strong 1982/8 ...
PDF
... practices, traditional growing period and climate data in 2008 were used for the analysis and temperature and CO2 levels are controlled in the simulation model called DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer). The simulation results show that rice production varies in different lo ...
... practices, traditional growing period and climate data in 2008 were used for the analysis and temperature and CO2 levels are controlled in the simulation model called DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer). The simulation results show that rice production varies in different lo ...
Mid-21st century projections in temperature extremes in
... climate projections (e.g., Giorgi et al. 2001; Moberg and Jones 2004; Liang et al. 2008). RCMs are found to provide a better skill in representing the present climate relative to GCMs, and are likely to capture non-linear physical processes in downscaling the GCM projections (Murphy 1999; Liang et a ...
... climate projections (e.g., Giorgi et al. 2001; Moberg and Jones 2004; Liang et al. 2008). RCMs are found to provide a better skill in representing the present climate relative to GCMs, and are likely to capture non-linear physical processes in downscaling the GCM projections (Murphy 1999; Liang et a ...
Topic 3: Economic Vulnerability under Climate Change
... RCP4.5 RF is stabilized at 4.5 Wm–2 after 2100 with emissions peak around 2040, then decline. RCP6.0 RF stabilized at 6.0 Wm– 2 after 2100 with emissions peaking around 2080, then decline. RCP8.5 RF reaches greater than 8.5 Wm–2 by 2100 with emissions rising throughout the 21st century. ...
... RCP4.5 RF is stabilized at 4.5 Wm–2 after 2100 with emissions peak around 2040, then decline. RCP6.0 RF stabilized at 6.0 Wm– 2 after 2100 with emissions peaking around 2080, then decline. RCP8.5 RF reaches greater than 8.5 Wm–2 by 2100 with emissions rising throughout the 21st century. ...
The Ivory Lighthouse: communicating climate change
... The final two chapters of Climate Cover-Up tackle what we can do as citizens to play an educated and active role in the climate change conversation. “First, and most critically, you must inform yourself,” Hoggan urges. In a democracy, the vigilance of a well-educated citizenry provides the best defe ...
... The final two chapters of Climate Cover-Up tackle what we can do as citizens to play an educated and active role in the climate change conversation. “First, and most critically, you must inform yourself,” Hoggan urges. In a democracy, the vigilance of a well-educated citizenry provides the best defe ...
April Cover.qxd - KNAW Research Portal
... and 9.4% in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively (Sarmiento et al. 2004), thereby reducing overall ocean productivity (Behrenfeld et al. 2006). These predictions are surpassed by recent observations, which indicate a much faster expansion of the ocean’s least productive waters over th ...
... and 9.4% in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively (Sarmiento et al. 2004), thereby reducing overall ocean productivity (Behrenfeld et al. 2006). These predictions are surpassed by recent observations, which indicate a much faster expansion of the ocean’s least productive waters over th ...
File - Mrs. Mongeon Science
... They are increasing the amount of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, both of which are greenhouse gases. An increase in greenhouse gases leads to global climate change, which has many effects. ...
... They are increasing the amount of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, both of which are greenhouse gases. An increase in greenhouse gases leads to global climate change, which has many effects. ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... Seasonal changes in precipitation will not only affect winter recreation, but could have a major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller snowpacks that melt sooner to generat ...
... Seasonal changes in precipitation will not only affect winter recreation, but could have a major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller snowpacks that melt sooner to generat ...
CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORING REPORT 2013
... heat affected the whole country in summer, with very high temperatures being recorded in many places. A total of 143 observation stations reported all-time high daily maximum temperatures, and the highest temperature ever recorded in Japan, 41.0˚C, was reported at Ekawasaki Station in Shimanto City, ...
... heat affected the whole country in summer, with very high temperatures being recorded in many places. A total of 143 observation stations reported all-time high daily maximum temperatures, and the highest temperature ever recorded in Japan, 41.0˚C, was reported at Ekawasaki Station in Shimanto City, ...
Telling the Weather Story - IBC Public Assets
... 0.13°C per decade, and for the last 25 years of the record, mean temperature rose by 0.18°C per decade. Note also that the trend is much more consistent when averaged over a few years, and the most recent rate of warming approaches being three times higher than over the century as a whole. Based on ...
... 0.13°C per decade, and for the last 25 years of the record, mean temperature rose by 0.18°C per decade. Note also that the trend is much more consistent when averaged over a few years, and the most recent rate of warming approaches being three times higher than over the century as a whole. Based on ...
Telling the Weather Story - Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction
... 0.13°C per decade, and for the last 25 years of the record, mean temperature rose by 0.18°C per decade. Note also that the trend is much more consistent when averaged over a few years, and the most recent rate of warming approaches being three times higher than over the century as a whole. Based on ...
... 0.13°C per decade, and for the last 25 years of the record, mean temperature rose by 0.18°C per decade. Note also that the trend is much more consistent when averaged over a few years, and the most recent rate of warming approaches being three times higher than over the century as a whole. Based on ...
Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 1
... 25 implications of climate policies, these models often assume that the growth rate of the economy is exogenously given, and feedback effects of lower GHGs concentrations in the atmosphere on economic growth are frequently neglected. For example, Nordhaus and Boyer (2000) analyze different abatement ...
... 25 implications of climate policies, these models often assume that the growth rate of the economy is exogenously given, and feedback effects of lower GHGs concentrations in the atmosphere on economic growth are frequently neglected. For example, Nordhaus and Boyer (2000) analyze different abatement ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Italy and the Mediterranean
... Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physical impacts of climate change (Note 2). From Table 1 it can be seen that MED will likely to be subject to in ...
... Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physical impacts of climate change (Note 2). From Table 1 it can be seen that MED will likely to be subject to in ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the
... Rainfall in the district is very high compared with much of New South Wales. The Illawarra Escarpment has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of the region’s rainfall. New South Wales has become warmer over the past 100 years, with minimum temperatures increasing more than maxima. There h ...
... Rainfall in the district is very high compared with much of New South Wales. The Illawarra Escarpment has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of the region’s rainfall. New South Wales has become warmer over the past 100 years, with minimum temperatures increasing more than maxima. There h ...
The Holocene
... with climatic and ecological records from northeastern North America (Kurek et al., 2004; Lutz et al., 2007; Shuman et al., 2002). Ellison et al. (2006) suggest the presence of two distinct cooling events centered at 8.5 and 8.1 kyr BP, respectively, in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (Ellison et ...
... with climatic and ecological records from northeastern North America (Kurek et al., 2004; Lutz et al., 2007; Shuman et al., 2002). Ellison et al. (2006) suggest the presence of two distinct cooling events centered at 8.5 and 8.1 kyr BP, respectively, in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (Ellison et ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.